RRETH SHNDËRRIMIT TË TOGFJALËSHIT TË LIRË NË NJËSI FRAZEOLOGJIKE
On The Convertion of Free Word-Combination Into Phraseological Unit in Albania

Summary/Abstract: Generally, phraseological units are coined from the figurative transformation of simple word-groups. Here we have treated the comparison, the metaphor, the hyperbole / the litote, as means performing this transformation. This is a long and three-scaled process: simple word-group – “prearragend” word-group - phraseological unit. The valence of the elements of a simple word-combination starts to be demolished, when one of them is being used as a metaphor or when it has a figurative meaning. When a phraseological unit is coined, the demolition of the external valence is a considerable one and it is promoted to an internal valence. a. The comparison is one of the well-known ways of the figurative transformation. The semantic essence of the element used as a comparison (with the conjunctions si or posi) and where the figurativeness begins, is an interesting phenomenon in this process. b. The metaphor is the main means in the creation of the phraseological units. The metaphorisation as a process is a more productive one; it is four-scaled: simple word-combination - comparison - metaphor - phraseological unit. There are some paradigmatic groups within metaphorisation: - Phraseological units, created from the figurative transformation of the whole simple word-combination. There are two homonymous constructions in usage: simple word-group and phraseological unit, such as bukë pa brumë, kërcu mbi samar, zgjua bletësh, pikë në vetull, rreze drite, në gojë të ujkut, e vuri barkun në dhe, i lëpin (i puth) këmbët, etc. - Phraseological units, created from the figurative transformation of the word-combination beginning with bëj (to do). The valence of the verbs is an external one, to be linked with the nouns, used easily as metaphors: u bë daulle, u bë flakë në fytyrë, u bë bishë, u bë kallkan, iu bë urë, etc. c. The hyperbole and the litote are the other means of the figurative transformation of simple word-combinations into phraseological units. Some subgroups fall into this group units: - Phraseological units, such as e bën mizën buall, mbytem me një pikë ujë, etc. The semas motivating the phraseological meaning, are components of semantic structures of the words, building the comparison (the enlargement / the lessening). - Phraseological units, such as shkoi (vajti) prapa diellit (dikush), (e fut) shtatë pashë nën dhe (diçka), e fut në vrimë të gjilpërës, etc. manifesting hyperbolical metaphors. The “hidden” comparison is to be seen here. The Albanian phraseology is very rich in various formal structures, but they don’t create phraseology-formative models. We have treated the structural variety according to the typology of the semantic developments, in which the comparison, the metaphor, the hyperbole / the litote, as means of the transformation, occupy a main place.

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