Lo no binario y la violencia simbólica en la paratraducción digital: Gender Queer: A Memoir de Maia Kobabe en español y polaco
The Nonbinary and Symbolic Violence in Digital Paratranslation: Gender Queer: A Memoir by Maia Kobabe in Spanish and Polish

Summary/Abstract: The article analyzes the nonbinary in the digital paratranslations of Gender Queer: A Memoir by Maia Kobabe into Spanish and Polish. Drawing on symbolic violence (Bourdieu, 1999) and the multimodal approach to paratranslation (Yuste Frías y Ferreiro Vázquez, 2024), it examines the presentation of the book on the websites of the publishers: Oni Press (original edition), Astronave (Spanish edition), and Centrala (Polish edition). The aim is to determine whether editorial and linguistic decisions (1) neutralize the nonbinary by adjusting it to a cisnormative vision and thus reproducing symbolic violence or, conversely, (2) make it visible and resist symbolic violence. The results reveal contrasting strategies. Oni Press emphasizes visibility; Astronave neutralizes the nonbinary, while Centrala combines different resources to make the nonbinary visible. I conclude that, in the corpus studied, paratranslation can both reproduce and resist symbolic violence. Finally, I suggest extending the study to hard copies of the comic, other languages with different levels of gender marking, and developing a more systematic multimodal approach to paratranslation.

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