КУЛЬТУРНО-ІСТОРИЧНІ УМОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО РОМАНУ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ЖИТТЯ ТА ТВОРЧОСТІ МІГЕЛЯ ДЕ СЕРВАНТЕСА ДЕ СААВЕДРА
CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL CONDITIONS OF THE FORMATION OF THE EUROPEAN NOVEL ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF MIGUEL DE CERVANTES DE SAAVEDRА

Summary/Abstract: This article examines the historical events and cultural phenomena of Western Europe of the 16th - 17th centuries and their influence on the biography and creative path of Miguel de Cervantes de Saavedra, the formation of the fundamental genre features of the new European novel in his artistic work "The cunning hidalgo Don Quixote of La Manche". For this purpose, the study focuses on the key historical events of the period. First, it is the Reconquest (Spanish Reconquista) of power over the Iberian Peninsula by Christian kingdoms from Muslims. But the confrontation between the Christian and Muslim worlds did not end there, but only entered a new stage of development with new historical players: the coalition of European states ("Holy League") and the Ottoman Empire. The members of the Holy League decided to create a military fleet to establish dominance over the ports and trade routes of the Mediterranean. The article analyzes the consequences of Miguel de Cervantes de Saavedra's direct participation in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, which were serious wounds to the chest and left elbow joint. The injuries he received radically changed his life: a long stay in pirate captivity, almost unsuccessful attempts to make a fortune through literary activity after returning to Spain, being put on trial and sitting in prison. It was the last event that contributed to the writing of the literary work "The cunning hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha", in which the author proposed the genre criteria of a new European novel. The article highlights these features of the novel structure, which contributed to the popularity of the new literary genre both among writers and among the readership, which does not abate even in modern times. The result of this article can be considered the analysis of the key events of the European history of the XVI - XVII centuries, which formed a new historical reality. It found its reflection in the new stage of European culture, the development of a new genre system in literature, the basis of which will be the novel. Characteristic features of the novel genre were first combined in the work of Miguel de Cervantes de Saavedra "The cunning hidalgo Don Quixote of La Manche". The practical application of the results of this article can be its use in the development of school classes using an integrated method, combining historical and literary achievements in the characterization of defining events and cultural phenomena of the 16th - 17th centuries, forming in schoolchildren the skills of theoretical analysis of genre features of the novel.

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