ZASTOSOWANIE MODELOWANIA PLS-SEM DO BADANIA INNOWACYJNOŚCI GOSPODAREK KRAJÓW UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ
THE APPLICATION OF PLS-SEM MODELING TO RESEARCH INNOVATIVENESS OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

Summary/Abstract: Purpose – The article aims to present the possibility of using PLS-SEM method inresearch on the innovativeness of EU economies.Research method – Structural equation modeling is a method that allows the studyof relationships between variables that are unobservable. The SEM model consists of twosub-models: structural and measurement. Covariance-based (CB) or partial least squares(PLS) methods are used to estimate the model. The choice depends on the empiricalcontext, research objectives, sample size and statistical properties of the data. Due to thesmall size of the population, the PLS method was used in the study. The models wereestimated on the basis of cross-sectional data for 2018 and 2021.Results – The article presents the stages of construction of the PLS-SEM model, frommodel specification, through estimation, statistical verification, to interpretation of theresults. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of formulating conclusions based onvarious elements of the estimated model.Originality   / value   / implications   / recommendations – PLS-SEM is a relatively neweconometric method belonging to the group of second generation multivariate analysismethods. Its dynamic development can be observed especially in management sciences. Inthe discipline of economics, the method is not widely known and used, but it has greatpotential and can be useful in the study of relationships between unobservable categories.The empirical research presented in the article fills the cognitive gap in the use of advancedeconometric methods in economic research.

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