PROCESY DEMOGRAFICZNE W POLSCE W LATACH 1946-2024. KONSEKWENCJE KRYZYSU DEMOGRAFICZNEGO DLA SYSTEMU EMERYTALNEGO ORAZ PERSPEKTYWY WZROSTU DZIETNOŚCI W ŚWIETLE WARTOŚCI ŻYCIOWYCH STUDENTÓW
THE DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN POLAND FROM 1946 TO 2024. THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS FOR THE PENSION SYSTEM AND THE PROSPECTS FOR INCREASING FERTILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF STUDENTS' LIFE VALUES

Summary/Abstract: Purpose | In the context of the future socio-economic development, the increase in fertility has become a serious challenge in Poland. The aim of the article is to present the demographic changes in Poland between 1946 and 2024 through the lens of their causes and consequences. The study poses four research questions: 1. What are the consequences of the demographic crisis for the pension system in Poland?, 2. What life values influence the prospects for increased fertility?, 3. Does the value system of students guarantee an increase in fertility in Poland in the coming years?, 4. What are the relationships within the value system represented by students, and between the value system of the younger generation and the values of their parents and grandparents? Research method | To achieve the research objective, a quantitative method was applied, using a survey conducted with the CAWI technique. The sample selection in the study was purposive-quota based. The questionnaire was completed by 147 students of Polish universities. The most important life values were asked not only of students, but also of their parents and grandparents. The intergenerational study was conducted in the context of S. Schwartz's value system. The results of the study were presented in the form of descriptive characteristics and relationships based on the Pearson linear correlation coefficient r. Conclusions | The results of the study indicate that the life values represented currently by the younger generation do not guarantee stable demographic development. The deepening of the demographic crisis in Poland poses a serious challenge for the pension system. Originality / value / implications / recommendations | Against the background of multidimensional conditions of fertility, attention was drawn to the importance of life values of young people in making parenthood decisions. The originality of the work results from the adoption of a broad time perspective (1946-2024) and the application of intergenerational research. The value of the work lies in the integration of the analysis of demographic processes with reflection on the value system and their role in shaping social policy.

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