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Perception des modalités de l’allemand par des locuteurs natifs francophones

Perception des modalités de l’allemand par des locuteurs natifs francophones

Author(s): Saïd Bouzidi / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2017

This paper deals with the perception of German enunciative modalities, like assertion, interrogation and exclamation, by non-native speakers with French as their native language. It aims to study the relationship between the perception of different modalities and the morphosyntactic and intonative structures of the target and source languages. The first part of the paper describes corpus acquisition and acoustic stimuli recording conditions, together with the perception of the test protocol. The second part presents the results of this test, including the time reaction to the audio stimuli, which carry the various enunciative modalities, and the validity of the responses. The third and last part analyses the intonative and morphosyntactic structures of the target language and interprets the results of the perception test. This study confirms the existence of intonative and morphosyntactic markers, which influence reaction time. Early onset of these segmental and prosodic markers enhances the precocious anticipation of correct decisions, and thus shorter reaction times. The results of this research will be compared with our previous study on “perception of French enunciative modalities by German native speakers”.

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La notion d’auditoire universel chez Perelman. Une illustration à travers un passage des Faux-Monnayeurs d’André Gide

La notion d’auditoire universel chez Perelman. Une illustration à travers un passage des Faux-Monnayeurs d’André Gide

Author(s): Françoise Collinet / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2017

The notion of universal audience raised many queries to the point that it even appeared as a “contradiction in terms” (« contradiction dans les termes ») (M e y e r, 1999: 266). We propose to illustrate some of its special features with a passage from the Counterfeiters (1925). This is the fragment in which Bernard and Olivier comment upon the theme of essay. The reflection will include three stages: 1) we will go back to the special characteristics of the notion of universal auditorium; 2) starting with these reflections and commentaries by P e r e l m a n and O l b r e c h t s -Ty t e c a (2008 [1958]) on a fragment from Tristam Shandy, we will study the embedding of the various auditorium types in the fragment of choice; 3) we will perceive the auditorium as one of the regulatory concepts (C a s s i n, 1990: 33) of Perelman’s system. In our view, it is these regulatory concepts that enable the Nouvelle Rhétorique to effectively discuss the exercise in the form of an essay which, in itself, fits within the precise model of the twentieth century’s Honnête Homme opposed by Perelman’s system.

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Quelques remarques pour vous mettre au parfum à propos du parfum

Quelques remarques pour vous mettre au parfum à propos du parfum

Author(s): Anna Czekaj / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2017

The present paper focuses on the problem of automatic translation based on the object oriented approach proposed by Wiesław Banyś. The author carries out the analysis of the French noun parfum, whose proper translation into Polish may seem too complex from the point of view of automatic translation, as it has many Polish equivalents depending on the context of its use. The paper is an attempt to show how, thanks to the object oriented approach, the problem of choosing an appropriate target language equivalent is solved.

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La perception phonémique en français des apprenants polonophones
(le cas des voyelles antérieures de moyenne aperture : [e][ɛ])

La perception phonémique en français des apprenants polonophones (le cas des voyelles antérieures de moyenne aperture : [e][ɛ])

Author(s): Magdalena Dańko / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2017

The perception of sounds of a foreign tongue influences the quality of comprehension and speaking in the language, as well as learning how to read and write properly. The differentiation and identification of sounds enables the development of aural-verbal memory, subsequently associating particular sound patterns with particular meanings. In other words, a developed perception of sounds ensures an efficient communication in a foreign language. Since learners perceive foreign sounds with varied proficiency, the teacher should recognize the difficulties and undertake remedial measures to facilitate learning progress. This article aims to present an educational tool, currently in development, designed to examine the perception of the French language sounds by Polish speaking learners. It will allow teachers to identify encountered difficulties and later evaluate the development of sound differentiation and identification skills, and therefore evaluate the results of remedial measures used in the process when teaching the French language.

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(Auto)traducir(se) en el espacio fronterizo: estrategias discursivas de autoras chicanas

(Auto)traducir(se) en el espacio fronterizo: estrategias discursivas de autoras chicanas

Author(s): Iwona Kasperska / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 29/2017

The objective of this analysis is to find out the main discursive strategies used by two acclaimed Chicana authors: Gloria Anzaldúa and Sandra Cisneros. Due to the fact that all of the texts mentioned above are written in English with Spanish entries, some discursive strategies turn out to be translation procedures. These are literal translation of idiomatic and vocative expressions, paraphrases, inter- and intralingual explications, and even leaving some Spanish items without any translation. Such procedures used in the original multilingual texts assume a subversive strategy that aims at coercing the Anglo-American hegemonic language and culture into coexisting with the Mexican minority ones in the same text.

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Images médiatiques du parti Droit et Justice dans les médias électroniques français

Images médiatiques du parti Droit et Justice dans les médias électroniques français

Author(s): Anna Kochanowska / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2017

The aim of the article is to study media textual images of the Law and Justice political party in selected French electronic news reports.

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Variabilité des formes terminologiques (sur l’exemple des termes français et polonais du régime supplémentaire de retraite)

Variabilité des formes terminologiques (sur l’exemple des termes français et polonais du régime supplémentaire de retraite)

Author(s): Liliana Kozar / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2017

Even a cursory look at the specialized texts functioning within a given field of knowledge leads us to state that the terminology used in them is not homogeneous. That heterogeneity manifests itself at different levels and implies at least a few linguistic phenomena. One of them is variability or modifiability of some terminological forms appointed to designate one and the same concept.The subject of the analysis undertaken in this paper is the French and Polish terminology inthe field of individual retirement plans, while its purpose is a quantitative and qualitative analysis of variant terms occurring in the texts.

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Alla scoperta dei casi estremi di plurilinguismo individuale: le traiettorie di alcuni iperpoliglotti in prospettiva sociolinguistica

Alla scoperta dei casi estremi di plurilinguismo individuale: le traiettorie di alcuni iperpoliglotti in prospettiva sociolinguistica

Author(s): Julia M. Murrmann / Language(s): Italian Issue: 29/2017

Independently of how we decide to define plurilinguilism and how many languages should a person identified as a hyperpolyglot speak, the potentially unlimited individual’s capacity to express in many languages is one of the most striking features of the human species. Indeed, homo sapiens is multilingual by nature: the linguistic repertoire of a speaker is vast and each individual, at least theoretically, has at one’s disposal unlimited possibilities to shape own expressive resources. In practice, while some struggle to learn a foreign language, the others learn many languages competently and effortlessly. Moreover, some have succeeded in mastering multiple, say ten or more, foreign languages. Numerous theories exist as explanations for polyglotism, including the innate or acquired individual mental capacities, cultural background and specific social circumstances.The objective of the paper is to trace life trajectories of a few eminent hyperpolyglots whobecame fluent in multiple languages.

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Les stéréotypes des animaux dans les proverbes

Les stéréotypes des animaux dans les proverbes

Author(s): Sulaiman Palizhati / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2017

We have studied proverbs of “major impact” in the ouïgour language (Xinjiang in China): they use animal stereotypes to transmit their messages, which are significant for the ouïgour society. “The proverbs code the social knowledge in its popular variant and module the collective behaviours” (B a r t m i ń s k i, 1998 : 77). The proverbs of the Ouïgours are full of animals. It is necessary to know the specifities evoked by the Ouïgours to perceive what the employed images carry in terms of culture and social rules. Some animals are strongly connoted by the Ouïgours. The meanings of particular images, positive or negative, can vary according to the context in which they are used.

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I fraseologismi come fonte di errori nel contesto dell’immagine linguistica del mondo

I fraseologismi come fonte di errori nel contesto dell’immagine linguistica del mondo

Author(s): Aleksandra Paliczuk,Agnieszka Pastucha-Blin / Language(s): Italian Issue: 29/2017

The present paper aims to highlight various problems encountered in teaching Italian to Polish students at the university level. Phraseological units, constituting the integral part of every language, deserve particular attention as far as teaching culture and mentality of a given nation is concerned. Our analysis is conducted within the framework of cognitive linguistics, with the emphasis on the notion of the Linguistic Picture of the World (as formulated by Jerzy Bartmiński). We take into consideration the role of knowledge of foreign cultural background, because its lack (or poor knowledge) in learning a foreign language can be the source of errors, especially in the case of idiomatic expressions.

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Les réactualisations discursives de la dénomination de « réfugié »

Les réactualisations discursives de la dénomination de « réfugié »

Author(s): Mária Paľová,Martina Zeleňáková / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2017

The semantic description of the concept of “refugee” oscillates today between the stability of some categorization features taken from the definition of refugee under the Geneva Convention and plasticity in the discursive construction of meaning due to strong media influence. The meaning of individual phrases is analysed on a representative corpus of Slovak media discourse of 2015 from the perspective of motifs-profiles-themes.

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Le rôle du co-texte dans l’antonymie adjectivale

Le rôle du co-texte dans l’antonymie adjectivale

Author(s): Magdalena Perz / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2017

This paper discusses the interpretation of antonymous adjectives. The example of the French adjective frais, analyzed in the paper on the basis of the object oriented approach, allows the Author to demonstrate that context is found to be highly discriminable in choosing an antonymic partner. A co-textual approach can overcome the inadequacies of classical dictionaries in the organization of the lexical structure of a language.

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Los contactos lingüísticos en Hispanoamérica y en los EEUU: desde el bilingüismo hasta el translingüismo

Los contactos lingüísticos en Hispanoamérica y en los EEUU: desde el bilingüismo hasta el translingüismo

Author(s): Ingrid Petkova / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 29/2017

In this article I talk about two types of language contacts: the Hispanic-Indigenous bilingualism in Spanish America and Spanglish in the USA, including different attitudes towards them. Then I introduce the theory of translanguaging, which considers the problems of bilingualism in a quite innovative way that can contribute to the increase in the prestige of bilingualism and code switching.

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Perceptions de l’aspect en français — des aperçues sémantiques et syntaxiques

Perceptions de l’aspect en français — des aperçues sémantiques et syntaxiques

Author(s): Izabela Pozierak-Trybisz / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2017

The article deals with the contrasting semantic analysis of the corpus of French and Polish examples whose inherent aspect is identical, but the so-called contextual aspect is defined differently. Aspect is now considered as a semantic category, an inherent proportion of the meaning of each predicate. However, there are differences in the typology of aspect categories, among others in French and Polish. Differences in the classification of contextual aspect belong to different methodologies, especially in the different ways of approaching semantic analyses. The aim of the article is to prove that the two ways of seeing meaning influence the view that one can have of the inherent and contextual aspect, and also to put some order in the existing classifications. The applied methodology is semantic-based grammar in the line of the Polish School of Semantics.

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Sens et négation. Le cas du verbe russe páxnut’ (sentir)

Sens et négation. Le cas du verbe russe páxnut’ (sentir)

Author(s): Irina Thomières / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2017

This study will deal with the functioning of the Russian verb páxnut’ in negative contexts. On the one hand, I will describe the personal and impersonal uses of the verb listing the semantic nature of its arguments. The importance of the notions of “prototype” and “functional” odor will be highlighted. On the other hand, I will more specifically analyse the verb páxnut’ in negative contexts. The corpus used indicates that in the sequence ne páxnut’ + a substantive in the instrumental, the verb may take on a metaphorical meaning. I will try to determine what factors (semantic nature of the substantive in the instrumental, presence of particles) condition this metaphorical interpretation in which ambiguity is inevitable. The notion of relevance will be used at several levels in this study.

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Analyse des verbes locatifs abandonner, laisser et quitter suivant les restrictions sémantico-syntaxiques de leur entourage en français dans une perspective
historique et contrastive

Analyse des verbes locatifs abandonner, laisser et quitter suivant les restrictions sémantico-syntaxiques de leur entourage en français dans une perspective historique et contrastive

Author(s): Aleksandra Żłobińska-Nowak / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2017

The aim of this paper is to examine the three French locative verbs abandonner, laisser and quitter qualified as synonymous by most French dictionaries. All these verbs can describe the same semantic invariant which is the concept of rupture and separation and generate polysemic extension to the semantics of movement. The most common uses of abandonner and quitter are based on the same syntactic construction [SN figure V SN ground] which, in this form, does not explain any restrictions. In the following study the Author will present a detailed analysis of the characteristics of these three verbs from a diachronic perspective which, perhaps, will enable a better understanding of their functioning in language, thus making their use by non-native speakers more suited to extralinguistic circumstances.

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Czy możemy ustalić etniczny (plemienny) charakter wielkopolskiego centrum
wczesnego państwa piastowskiego?

Czy możemy ustalić etniczny (plemienny) charakter wielkopolskiego centrum wczesnego państwa piastowskiego?

Author(s): László Tapolcai / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2017

The question contained in the title of the article regards the names of three ethnic (tribal) groups found in the literature on the subject which has to do with the pre-state structures of what would later come to be known as the Greater Poland. The names are: the Zeriuani, the Lendians, and the Polans. The first two names are found in sources dating back to the 9th—10th century, while the last name appears for the first time around the year 1000, during the reign of Bolesław I, i.e. after the formation of the Polish state. In the following article, the author argues that previous assertions of Polish historians regarding the Zeriuani have been wrong, since they assumed that the name is toponomastic, that is related to the place of dwelling of the community called by this name. According to the author of the article, the name Zeriuani, which constitutes the only regnum in the writings of the Bavarian Geographer, contains information regarding a myth of the common origins and the subsequent separation of the Slavic community, and thus does not denote a tribal name. Regarding the Lendians, the error constitutes in locating them exclusively in the eastern territories of what would later come to be Poland, since the name can be related to the entire middle territory of Poland, from Odra to the eastern territories, described by the scholars in the last few decades. Thus, the only ethnic name that could exist in the 9th—10th century in the territory of the future Greater Poland was, in fact, the Lendians. On the basis of the available sources, it could be asserted that the Polans, as a tribe, never existed under that name, since it encompassed all subjects of Bolesław I around the year 1000, and thus had no connection with the pre-state tribal structures of the Greater Poland.

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Feel the Burn: Lönguhlíðarbrenna as Literary Type‑Scene

Feel the Burn: Lönguhlíðarbrenna as Literary Type‑Scene

Author(s): Yoav Tirosh / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2017

Obecne w islandzkich sagach sceny spalenia domostwa wraz z jego mieszkańcamiw szczególny sposób stanowią o dramaturgii poszczególnych opowieści. Ze względu na swój radykalizm, odczuwalny także przez ówczesnych, wydarzenia te na długo pozostawały w ludzkiej pamięci, stopniowo stając się integralnym elementem uprawianej tam sztuki literackiej.Sceny tego typu okazywały się bardzo dobrą okazją do uwypuklenia nie tylko intensywnościkonfliktów opisywanych w sagach oraz bezwzględności osób w nie zaangażowanych. Odbiorcy sag mogli przy tej okazji szczególnie dobrze ujrzeć przymioty i cechy (lub ich brak), których oczekiwali po bohaterach sag, takie jak: lojalność, honor, poszanowanie prawa.Autor nawiązuje do dyskusji na temat roli tego typu scen w poszczególnych opowieściach. Artykuł tym samym stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, na ile były one jedynie fikcyjnym elementem wpływającym na kształt narracji (eliminacja poszczególnych bohaterów, zarzewie konfliktu, podżeganie do zemsty), na ile zaś nawiązywały swoją literacką aranżacją do autentycznych przypadków, znanych odbiorcom sag. Opierając się na konkretnych przykładach, wziętych z sag rodowych (Saga o Njalu) czy też tzw. sag współczesnych (Saga o Gudmundzie Szlachetnym), autor przychyla się do zdania, że sceny spalenia były konstruowane w sposób, który pozwalał odbiorcom wierzyć, że fikcyjna opowieść mogła rozegrać się w przeszłości. Kluczowa rola przypadała tu odpowiednio nakreślonym postawom ludzi, których owe sceny spalenia dotyczyły, chociażby w kwestii ratowania za wszelką cenę kobiet i dzieci czy też pomszczenia zamordowanych.

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Equus maculis, czyli sporu o czytanie Kadłubka ciąg dalszy

Equus maculis, czyli sporu o czytanie Kadłubka ciąg dalszy

Author(s): Piotr Boroń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2017

The article constitutes a polemic with Marek Cetwiński’s interpretation of the translation of the phrase equus maculis, which appears in the chronicle of Wincenty Kadłubek. The author had previously proposed a translation to “a piebald horse,” which allowed to compare Kadłubek’s account of the legendary race for power in the pre‑Piastera with other instances of the presence of spotted, piebald animals in enthronement rites of the Slavic peoples. Marek Cetwiński considers this translation to be inadequate, arguing that equus maculis should be translated instead as “a foaming horse” — sweaty and tired after a long run. However, this kind of translation has no linguistic basis and results only from the desire to rationalize Kadłubek’s writing. The following article presents instances of the presence of the descriptor maculis in ancient and medieval Latin and discusses the meanings associated with the word by the authors of those texts. The author of the article cites examples from texts written by Vergil, Laurentius Rusius, Ekkehard, or Telonius, with the view of substantiating the thesis that in each of those cases, the term maculae refers to the natural spots on the animal’s skin and not to sweat or dirt.The term is often used in fixed expressions, but it never refers to a sweaty animal. Thus, thereis only one way to understand this term, used by the continuators and translators of Kadłubekalike — as the horse’s color.

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Rodzina von Zedlitz w księstwach świdnicko‑jaworskim oraz legnickim w XIV wieku

Rodzina von Zedlitz w księstwach świdnicko‑jaworskim oraz legnickim w XIV wieku

Author(s): Tomasz Zawadzki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2017

The immigration of foreign, and especially German knights to Silesia, whose height was reached at the turn of the 13th century, was one of the foremost reasons which contributed to the change of the region’s character in the crucial period of separation from the newly reunited Kingdom of Poland. The research devoted to the changes among the Silesian elites of those times, especially with regard to foreign knights, is notoriously scarce among the Polish academia. The aim of the article, therefore, is to familiarize the readers with the biographies and historical relevance of the von Zedlitz family, one of the numerous German families who settled in Silesia in the Middle Ages. The paper is devoted to the von Zedlitzs who lived in the Duchy of Jawor and Świdnica and the Duchy of Legnica in the 14th century. According to the author, there had been many members of the family who rose to prominence at the courts of the local dukes, thanks to which the von Zedlitz family became one of the most influential and affluent families in the region.

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