Socialnozdravstvene razmere in organizacija legalne socialnozdravstvene službe za ženske in otroke na nemškem okupacijskem območju: na zasedenem območju Koroške in Kranjske

Author(s): Dunja Dobaja / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2015

On the basis of archive sources, literature and the press the author provides a detailed presentation of the organisation of the legal healthcare service as well as, in its context, the legal healthcare for women and children in the part of Slovenia occupied by the Germans. The emphasis lies especially on the outline of the situation in the occupied territories of Carinthia and Carniola. The article provides an insight into the Nazi principles with regard to welfare and healthcare as well as into the ultimate goals of the German occupation authorities, obscured by various healthcare benefits.

Komunalno gospodarstvo in zasebna obrt kot primera ureditve razmerja med javnim in zasebnim v novejši slovenski gospodarski zgodovini (1945-1990)

Author(s): Jože Prinčič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2015

In the time of the second Yugoslav state the concepts of public and private attained entirely new implications, and hence a strict line separating the state and nonstate economic sectors was drawn. The following contribution, based on the available documentary materials, first analyses the main characteristics of how the public services in the economic field operated, and focuses mostly on the communal activities which ensured the basic material living and working conditions in the certain urban environments as activities of special social importance. Furthermore, the contribution also focuses on the systemic possibilities for small industry activities and characteristics of the development of private craft industry.

Roberto Todero, I fanti del Litorale austriaco al fronte orientale 1914-1918 ...

Author(s): Ivan Vogrič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2015

Pavlina Bobič, Vojna in vera. Katoliška cerkev na Slovenskem 1914-1918 ...

Author(s): Urška Strle / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2015

Srbi i rat u Jugoslaviji 1941. godine: tematski izbor radova - Serbs and war in Yugoslavia 1941: thematic collection of articles ...

Author(s): Dušan Nećak / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2015

Vprašanje nezakonitega izseljevanja vojaških obveznikov v Avstriji na predvečer prve svetovne vojne

Author(s): Aleksej Kalc / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

The following contribution focuses on the stringent police measures implemented in Austria in March 1914 against the illegal emigration of military conscripts. The measures took place in the context of the unsuccessful long-term efforts to regulate the issue of emigration and its many aspects, of which the military circles were most concerned by the increasingly frequent absence of military conscripts. A stricter system of control at the borders and next to the emigration routes within the state territory was introduced with the aim of checking the military situation of the emigrants and intercepting those who did not have suitable permits to leave the state. Besides the police force the surveillance service also included the customs administration and railroad personnel. The measures did not introduce any new restrictions with regard to the emigration of military conscripts, but they did implement the existing ones more strictly. Nevertheless they resulted in the opposition within the government and caused political protests, as they questioned the constitutional principle of the freedom of emigration and indicated that the state was careless in its attitude towards the economic needs of the population. The article is based on the documentary dossier about the introduction and effects of the stricter system of controlling the emigration from the archive collection of the Government in Trieste.

Slovenski kmečki svet med fikcijo in gospodarsko zgodovino

Author(s): Žarko Lazarevič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

On the basis of three texts which, due to their characteristics, certainly belong to the opus of peasant tales, the author of the following article presents a few examples of how the economic situation was depicted in the Slovenian literature before World War II. Through the process of a critical comparison between the literary narration and realisations of the historical science, the manifestations of wider historical and developmental changes are revealed and the ongoing social and economic processes are documented.

Pium desiderium dr. Vekoslava Kukovca leta 1924

Author(s): Jurij Perovšek / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

The following discussion presents the initiative of one of the leading Slovenian liberal politicians in the first decades of the 20th century, Dr Vekoslav Kukovec, in the beginning of August 1924: that the liberals should withdraw from the ruthless political struggle against the Catholic side. When the leadership of the Slovenian liberal politics refused this initiative, Kukovec resigned. After this unsuccessful attempt at convincing the liberals to support the ideological appeasement in Slovenia, Kukovec’s efforts resulted in a debate between the liberal and Catholic side, in which both sides expressed the characteristic contemporaneous ideological rigidity of the cultural struggle. The “pium desiderium” — pious hope of Vekoslav Kukovec to put an end to this struggle did not come to pass. We can only speculate about how the Catholic side would have reacted had the liberal side offered ideological and political appeasement that Kukovec argued for. However, it is certain that by not doing so liberalism lost an opportunity to denounce the ideological intolerance and intellectual violence in Slovenia and thus exempt itself from the historical responsibility for the consequences. However, none of this happened. The Slovenian ideological complexes lived on and attained further painful dimensions.

ORJUNA in PAČ na poti v Trbovlje

Author(s): Marko Zajc / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

The primary purpose of the article is to bring the attention to the dual nature of physical violence in the political struggle: it has general as well as particular characteristics. Physical violence always causes material damage and casualties, and it always results in irreversible damage: the consequences of physical violence can never be completely eliminated. On the other hand physical violence always takes place in historical contexts: it has its causes and effects, perpetrators and structure. The author analyses the ambivalence of the physical violence taking place during the political conflict between the Organisation of Yugoslav Nationalists (hereinafter Orjuna) with the communists in the 1920s. What is the difference between the discourses of violence in Orjuna and the Glas svobode publications? Both newspapers justified the violence of their adherents for defence purposes. Although both the supporters of Orjuna as well as communists argued in favour of violence for defensive purposes, they interpreted the concept of defence differently. Orjuna was an organisation for the »defence« of the Yugoslav nation. They used the concept of defence very broadly, as their »enemies« threatened the Yugoslav nation by their very existence. True defence may also involve offence. However, the discourse of violence in the communist newsletter had a completely different character. There the concept of »defence« was interpreted concretely, as defence from the »capitalist hordes« which kept attacking the workers and their organisations there and then. For the communists physical violence merely represented one of the methods of the proletarian struggle that had to be resorted to in accordance with the »true« interests of the working class. The paradoxical difference between the general characteristics of violence (violence is always the same: it brings destruction) and particular characteristics of violence (violence is always different) is »hidden« in every individual violent act (or events). The general and particular characteristics of violent acts cannot be separated.

Ekonomske sankcije Društva narodov

Author(s): Marjan Malešič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

The territory of contemporary Slovenia, as a part of other state formations, has been an object of international community sanctions on several occasions in the last century. Our analysis encompasses two cases, in which the League of Nations introduced sanctions, namely threat of sanctions and the initiation of procedure against Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1921 due to its violation of state border with Albania set in 1913 and its military incursions on Albanian territory, and economic sanctions against Kingdom of Italy due to its military aggression against Abyssinia in 1935. The former case was a success because sanctions did have an effect and they brought about a solution of the problem even before they were formally introduced whereas the latter was a failure because it didn’t stop military aggression. The reasons for the success in the case of Kingdom of SCS are above all in less ambitious objective, in concordance of the League of Nations member states and in vulnerability of the object state, whereas the reasons for the failure of the Italian case were in inconformity of objectives and means, the former being too ambitious compared to the means applied, in the lack of concordance and decisiveness of the League of Nations member states, in non-comprehensiveness of economic sanctions, in the role of third parties and in nationalistic response of Italy to the sanctions.

Rojevanje otrok v ljubljanski porodnišnici v tridesetih letih 20. stoletja

Author(s): Tina Stele / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

The following article presents the development of obstetrics and the State Gynaecological Hospital in Ljubljana. The women's trust in the Maternity Hospital as the best place to give birth developed gradually. The author of the article mostly based her research on the civil registers of the Maternity Ward of the State Gynaecological Hospital in Ljubljana for the period between 1 January 1929 and 31 December 1941. The registers are kept in the Archives of the Republic of Slovenia. By analysing the civil registers of the Maternity Hospital for the period between 1 January 1929 and 31 December 1941 the author established the identity of the women giving births there, their origin, as well as the nature of their social status and birth trends.

Slovenščina in Jugoslovanska ljudska armada

Author(s): Aleš Gabrič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

Despite the promises from the wartime years, after World War II the new communist authorities in Yugoslavia introduced the use of a single language, Serbian or Serbo-Croatian, in the military matters. The constitution of 1963 even enacted the privileged position of the Serbo-Croatian language. In the debates about the relations between the nations during the 1960s the Slovenian political leadership avoided military discussions and demanded a greater equality of languages in the other areas, but not in the military matters as well. The retired General Jaka Avšič was the first to call for Slovenian military units, which would use the Slovenian language. In April 1969 the resolution on the implementation of the constitutional principles of the equality of languages and scripts was adopted by the Yugoslav Assembly, encouraging even livelier debates about the privileged position of one language and neglect for other languages in the military matters. However, no major changes took place, since the state leadership retained the privileged position of the Serbo-Croatian language in the 1974 Constitution as well and put a stop to the arguments about this issue in the media.

Preimenovanje in izključevanje kot sestavni del postkomunistične kulture spomina v Sloveniji

Author(s): Oto Luthar / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

In the following paper author write about post-communist/post-socialist memory politics. Based on an analysis of the architecture and rhetoric of the new memorial landscape representing the World War II and postwar period in Slovenia, the author investigates how collective memories are mobilized for a radical reinterpretation of the past. In doing so, he particularly thematizes the practice of transvaluing collaboration with the occupying Fascist and Nazi regimes into “anticommunist” patriotism. Addressing the practices that range from the pledge for reconciliation to radical reframing of resistance-collaboration, he focuses on the techniques of transforming perpetrators into victims and vice versa. What recently still appeared as a redistribution of guilt or oneway transformation of perpetrators into victims has turned in Slovene post-communist revisionist memory politics into a complete denial of the crimes committed by Nazi collaboration units and a categorical condemnation of the resistance movement. This is a clear indication that the Slovenes are still far from the so-called “emancipation from heroism and tragedy”

Reprezentacija "madžarske usode" - neohistoricizem v politiki in ljudski kulturi

Author(s): Éva Kovács / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

The author describes the so-called neohistoricism in Hungary during the government of Viktor Orbán (1998-2002), encouraged by the government’s own political needs and based on awakening the famous past, used for contemporary (current) political purposes. Just like all populist parties, Fidesz as the ruling party in Hungary resorts to every trick of nationalism, and in its actions it pays no heed to any ideological consistency. For its propaganda purposes this party has abused every historical event and historical character, from the thousand-year anniversary of the establishment of the Christian Hungarian state and King Stephen I to Admiral Horthy as well as a shaman from Tuva (located in the geographic centre of Asia), who carried out a ritual of honouring the ancestors and a cleansing ceremony in front of the Stephen’s crown and its guard in the Hungarian Parliament on the national holiday of the Hungarian revolution (15 March). Neohistoricism has a strong nationalist implication, for example, it keeps mentioning the »unjust peace« from the Treaty of Trianon and rekindling the dreams about the »Greater Hungary«.

Med zgodovinopisjem in državljansko zavestjo

Author(s): Carlo Spartaco Capogreco / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

After the end of World War II the story of concentration camps, set up by the Kingdom of Italy and Italian Social Republic between 1940 and 1945, almost disappeared from the collective memory of the Italian nation. The author shows in the article difficult path to the historiographic reconstruction of the fascist »concentration system« took place, the topography of the camps was established, and they were recognised by the national community. Also for this reason — in light of the institutional suppression and disregard by the official historiography — the first research projects and rediscovery of the camps ’geographic locations were mostly carried out by researchers who focused on this issue due to their favourable personal emotional inclination towards this problem. The purpose of the article is especially to discern the reasons for the long silence and outline the main historiographic and civil turning points, through which the story about the camps gradually became a part of the general sentiment of the Italians in the middle of the 1980s and in the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, and was finally recognised by the academic and institutional circles as well.

Instrumentalizacija pietete

Author(s): Janko Pleterski / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

Odziv na čl. Vide Deželak Barič Posledice represije: smrtne žrtve druge svetovne vojne in zaradi nje na Slovenskem, Slovenski zbornik 2014, str. 131-156 Revief of an article by Vida Deželak Barič "The consequences of repression: casualties of the Second World War and because of it in Slovenia"

Árpád Hornyák, Találkozások-ütközések, fejezetek a 20. századi magyar-szerb kapcsolatok történetéből. ...

Author(s): Andreja Jakšič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

Tomaž Teropšič, Štajerska v plamenih: taktika, orožje in oprema štirih vojsk na Štajerskem v drugi svetovni vojni

Author(s): Vinko Skitek / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

Urška Stankovič Elesini, Estera Cerar, Alenka Pavko Čuden, Tekstilne poti po ljubljanskih ulicah ...

Author(s): Mojca Šorn / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2014

Volitve v ljubljansko in mariborsko oblastno skupščino leta 1927 in njihove posebnosti glede na parlamentarne volitve v Sloveniji

Author(s): Marjan Stiplovšek / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2014

With regard to the appointed authorities of the largest administrative units, the St. Vitus’ Day Constitution provided for the elections to the Administrative Unit Assemblies as the highest self-government bodies in these units. Despite the fact that the centralist political forces had limited competences, they managed to prevent the elections and the commencement of the operations of Administrative Unit Assemblies until 1927. The electoral law relevant for the Administrative Unit Assemblies was similar as in case of the National Assembly. However, the differences with regard to electoral districts and number of Assembly Members were significant. 106 Assembly Members were elected for the Ljubljana and Maribor Administrative Unit Assemblies in 30 Slovenians electoral districts and cities; while 26 Members of the National Assembly from Slovenia were elected in three electoral units. Slovenian People’s Party achieved an absolute victory in both Administrative Unit Assemblies. However, independently or through electoral blocs seven other political parties received mandates in these Assemblies, which contributed to the improved picture of the contemporary political life in the individual regions of Slovenia. The Administrative Unit Assembly elections indicated the changing power of certain parties since the parliamentary elections of 1925 and foresaw the results of the National Assembly election results in September 1927 in Slovenia.