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Czasopiśmiennictwo regionalistyczne w Polsce – pojęcie, ideowe podstawy, cechy, zadania, typy

Author(s): Ryszard Kowalczyk / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

The paper attempts to place the concept of a ‘regionalist magazine’ in a cognitive perspective. The author approaches the issue in four sections. Firstly, he defines the range of meaning of the idea of a ‘regionalist magazine’. Next, he moves on to discuss the ideological foundations of regionalist periodicals, including regionalism and the region, as well as the features, tasks and functions of regionalist periodicals. He concludes by presenting types of regionalist periodicals.

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Ugrupowania polityczne mniejszości narodowych w Rumunii. Przykład Węgrów i Niemców

Author(s): Krzysztof Koźbiał / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

Among other things, the transformation in Romania has allowed for the participation of the representatives of national minorities in the political system of state. This is illustrated by the case of Hungarians, who according to the 2011 census account for over 1,237,000 of the population, and that of approximately 37,000 Germans. Both groups take a regular and active part in both national and local elections. Hungarians are represented by the UDMR, a group that wins support in excess of 5% of the votes, thus regularly getting over 20 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and approximately ten seats in the Senate. The Germans are represented by the FDGR, with considerably weaker support, which translates into only a single seat in the parliament. Both minorities play a significant role in regional elections, even though the German population is considerably smaller than that of the Hungarians. The town of Sibiu is one example of their electoral success. The significance of both groups should not be expected to change significantly in the future. Unlike in the case of the Hungarians, support for the Germans is higher than might be expected from their number. This follows from the fact that the issue of the German minority in Romania has never stirred such tensions as that of the Hungarians, both in domestic and international relations. Therefore, casting a vote for the FDGR does not have to follow from being a member of the German minority, allowing the party to win potential voters.

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Events/Information: Sprawozdanie z I Kongresu Towarzystw Naukowych pt. Towarzystwa naukowe w Polsce – dziedzictwo, kultura, nauka, trwanie. Warszawa 1

Author(s): Andrzej Kansy / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

Events/Information: Sprawozdanie z I Kongresu Towarzystw Naukowych pt. Towarzystwa naukowe w Polsce – dziedzictwo, kultura, nauka, trwanie. Warszawa 17–18 września 2013 r.

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Węgierska droga do i od demokracji

Author(s): Krzysztof Patkowski,Beata Pająk-Patkowska / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

In 2010 the Fidesz party of V. Orban took power. Owing to the considerable majority they won in the parliamentary elections (nearly 53% of the votes, which translated into 263 mandates, five more than required for a constitutional majority) it was possible to implement profound changes (including a new constitution). In the opinion of numerous organizations guarding democracy and of the European Union, these changes pose a threat to the foundations of democracy in Hungary. The objective of this paper is to present the development of democracy in Hungary after 1989, and first and foremost to assess the changes that have taken place there after 2010. On the basis of accessible indices of the quality of democracy (Freedom House and The Economist Intelligence Unit’s Index of Democracy), the paper also attempts to verify the statement by Janos Kornai who said that „from 1989–1990 to the spring of 2010 Hungary was democratic. Now democracy is gone – autocracy has become the form of governance” (Kornai, 2011). The paper also counterpoints the accusations of Hungarian reforms, voiced by international community, with the opinions of the authors of these reforms.

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Polska wobec wyborów parlamentarnych na Ukrainie w 2012 r.

Author(s): Krzysztof Kowalczyk / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

This paper aims to analyze the attitudes of the Polish political elite and journalists to the 2012 parliamentary elections in Ukraine. It refers to the statements made by the leaders shaping Poland’s foreign policy, the President of Poland, Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, MPs involved in the issues of Ukraine as well as political commentators and analysts. The broadly understood issue of the Ukrainian elections was to a limited degree addressed by such newspapers as Rzeczpospolita, Gazeta Wyborcza, Dziennik, and some online portals. The failed hopes to democratize Ukraine, following the orange revolution, made Poland withdraw from supporting a single political option in Ukraine. Polish politicians and journalists expressed little interest in the 2012 parliamentary elections in Ukraine. This made the diplomatic efforts of the President of Poland, Bronis³aw Komorowski, exceptional. In general, the Ukrainian election was perceived in the context of human rights, democratic standards and the geopolitical future of Ukraine. The fairly conducted election was to be a condition for the further support Poland would offer to Ukraine in signing an association agreement with the EU. Polish politicians and journalists would observe at the time that the foreign policy of Ukraine was ambiguous, being ‘suspended’ between Brussels and Moscow. The not entirely legitimate victory of the Party of Regions did not mean that Poland would block the integration of Ukraine with the West. It was concluded that despite the emergence of authoritarian tendencies in Ukraine, Poland should promote the rapprochement of its eastern neighbor with EU states. Looking at this matter in this way was justified by the Polish raison d’etat and the need to create a pro-Western and democratically oriented Ukrainian society.

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Dziennikarstwo śledcze w formule non profit: ryzykowny eksperyment czy naturalna alternatywa?

Author(s): Wojciech Adamczyk / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

The paper deals with new phenomena that emerged on the media market during a crisis in the printed press sector. The author searches for an answer to the question of whether the new forms of financing investigative journalism in the USA have a chance of developing, in particular crowdfunding and broadly understood non-profit activity. He discusses the main forms of financing the new types of entities in the media market and characterizes the examples of the most representative investigative organizations that operate online thanks to gathering funds in the above manners: ProPublica, The Center for Investigative Reporting, The Huffington Post Investigative Fund, Spot.US, Voice of San Diego and The Texas Observer.

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Program i działalność CasaPound Italia a model antypartii Ryszarda Herbuta

Author(s): Maria Józefowicz / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

CasaPound Italia, program and organizational model of which are examined in this article, is one of the most important extreme right-wing socio-political groups currently active in Italy. The aim of the paper is to present the program, organizational structure and principles of operation of CasaPound in terms of the anti-party model formulated by Ryszard Herbut. The theoretical background for the anti-party model’s presentation is a result of a research on the conceptualization of the anti-partisanship’s idea and anti-party attitude (sentiments). Analysis of CasaPound’s campaigns, promoted values, proposed slogans and methods of facing challenges leads to answer to a question of whether it is possible to use the Herbut’s model to describe and systematize the organization’s profile.

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Bezpieczeństwo narodowe Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej – aspekty logistyczne

Author(s): Mirosław Skarżyński / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

The article presents the diversity of national security conditions and demonstrates the need for the study of its logistical aspects. There are presented American views on the role of logistics in ensuring national security. The paper presents and assesses the basic content of the documents relating to the national security of the Republic of Poland for content logistics issues. The end of the article contains conclusions and postulates.

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Wpływ diasporalnych grup nacisku politycznego na przebieg wyborów federalnych w Stanach Zjednoczonych na przykładzie „lobby pro-izraelskiego”

Author(s): Maciej Karczewski / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

Main purpose of this paper is to: 1) define the overall role of diaspora interest groups in American political system, and 2) assess their real impact on the course of the federal elections in the United States. The analysis has been narrowed to Jewish organizations commonly referred as „pro-Israel lobby” and their political activity. Author described main tools and mechanisms used by Jewish pressure groups to exert influence on democratic institutions in the US, in order to pursue their ethnic interests.

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Poland’s Gas Security

Author(s): Remigiusz Rosicki / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

The subject matter analyzed in the text is Poland’s energy security as illustrated with the security of gas supply (gas supply security). The text analyzes a selection of problems concerned with gas security and so the focus is on: (1) a description of gas supply contracts, and (2) an assessment of gas supply security with regard to the technical import capabilities of the transmission infrastructure. In both cases two time-frames were applied: (1) 2006–2010, (2) the period after 2010 with a prospect for 2022. The text goes on to verify the following questions: (1) In what scope was real action undertaken in order to strengthen the security of gas supply to Poland in the years 2006–2010?, (2) How have the technical and real capabilities to diversify the gas supply to Poland changed after 2010?

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Uwarunkowania frekwencji w wyborach do Parlamentu Europejskiego na Podkarpaciu (okręg nr 9) w 2014 roku

Author(s): Przemysław Maj / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

The author has analyzed the European Parliament elections in 2014 Subcarpathian District No. 9. The aim of the article were the factors influencing electoral participation. He explained the impact of political, demographic, social, legal and psychological indicators on electoral participation. The author argues that turnout is modified primarily by legal, psychological determinants, less by classical socio-demographic indicators.

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Aktywność polityczna Polaków w świetle ewolucji postaw społeczno-politycznych związanych z przeobrażeniem systemu politycznego

Author(s): Urszula Kurcewicz / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

The article analyses the political attitudes and behaviours of the citizens, and describes the content and dynamics of the changes occurring due to the evolution of the Polish political system. The analysis of political participation by Polish citizens is presented in relation to the theoretical construct of social attitudes as a foundation of democracy, as proposed by Dahl. In the context of society’s approach to democracy and trust in institutions, a comparative analysis has been presented of voter participation in subsequent parliamentary and local elections. The process of creating a civil society, including the various forms of participation in non-governmental organisations, has been presented in relation to attitudes such as cooperation, social trust and care for the common good. In order to illustrate the egocentric and particularistic attitudes, the activities of citizens involved in the politics of protest have been analysed. Recent years have seen a number of demonstrations; symbolic in nature and testimony to certain principles, which have been used here as material for the analysis of the ideological approach to political problems. To sum up the problem of political participation of Polish citizens, it can be said that the dynamics of the forms and content of political participation indicates a growing involvement of citizens in the governance process, which definitely makes a positive contribution to the development of democracy. It must be noted, however, that the political activity of a large part of society has not been motivated by pro-democratic attitudes. The high diversification, disparity and instability of attitudes translate into the forms and content of political participation.

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Straż miejska i gminna w obliczu demokracji partycypacyjnej

Author(s): Maciej Magiera / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

Participatory democracy, now how massively promoted and implemented, on the one hand led to the formation of the city (municipal) guard, but on the other it has imposed her some limitations. Polish society has forgotten about the narrow nature of this formation, and began require from her the activity adequate for the Police. In addition, as a result of the creation of the social demand to comprehensive minimize risks appeared the dilemma over the location of the guard in the public security system, which increases the confusion around her, and worsens her public perception.

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„Alternative für Deutschland” – niemiecka eurosceptyczna partia pozaparlamentarna. Próba analizy wizerunku w przestrzeni internetu

Author(s): Agnieszka Walecka-Rynduch / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

The Alternative for Germany is a new party on the German political scene. Despite a short political and media history (established in February 2013), the party managed to strongly mark the socio-political space with its presence, mostly because of its anti-establishmentarianism. AfD is also sometimes called a „professors’ party”, as its members and followers stem to a large extent from so-called intellectual circles of science, politics and economics, and are reputable experts for many fields. AfD provoked a major imbroglio during the last parliamentary election in Germany (2013). It gathered 4.7% of votes, standing very close to the electoral threshold. It is however commonly disregarded by activists of most of the other parties in Germany. The aim of the article is answering the question: given the above, what was the crucial factor for building up such relatively high electoral result (inches from bestowing mandates) in this very short time? Is it the social, programmatical, or rather media potential, created mostly on the web? Which of these elements brought the AfD 7% of votes in the election for European Parliament 2014?

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EU Pre-accession Process of Turkey – Determinants and Prospects

Author(s): Adam Szymański / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

This article concerns the current pre-accession process of Turkey and the question of its prospects. In order to answer this question the author conducts an in-depth analysis of factors that can influence the process on three main levels: EU (i.e. general political and economic situation, EU enlargement policy, EU institutions), member states and Turkey. He wants to verify the hypothesis that although the situation in this candidate country is crucial for the future of Turkey-EU relations, the decisive factors are in the EU and member states. The pre-accession process of Turkey will be continued but its pace and course will depend to a large extent on the position of the main Union’s powers, the clear vision of the EU as well as the economic/political situation and public feelings in Europe.

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Antropofagia i stosunki międzynarodowe. Fabrykacja kanibalizmu i anarchiczności

Author(s): Andrzej Gałganek / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

The author of the article formulates a thesis about the analogy and discursive relations between anthropophagy as well as fabrication of anarchy and study of international relations and fabrication of anarchy as the essence of internationalism. Referring to William Arens’s thesis about the necessity to consider anthropophagy as a discursive practice in relations between communities and on the basis of chosen travel stories, the article presents the causes of cannibalism and its fabrication methods as the justification of conquest, colonialism, proselytism and extermination practices. Similarly, referring to the analysis of political philosophy of T. Hobbes, the author shows the lack of legitimacy in its use to formulate the thesis about anarchy of international relations as the most important rule according to which they are organized. A thesis is formulated that fabrication of anarchy as the essence of internationalism was the product of political science, study of international relations and international law born at the turn of 20th century. Eventually, just as the discourse on cannibalism is hard to erase, it is equally difficult to remove from the study of international relations the thesis about their anarchy which defines national identities through reference to the „other”. As a result, the foundations of foreign policies are still created by fabrication of the „others” which stem from the anarchy discourse.

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Płynna demokracja w programie Partii Piratów

Author(s): Marcin Piechocki / Language(s): Issue: 1/2015

Falling participation, which involves less and less legitimacy leads to increased dissatisfaction with the functioning of democracy. New communication technologies in the area of policy by many was considered a remedy for the problems. Pirate parties present in dozens of countries postulate to return democracy to the citizens. One of the instruments is the Liquid Democracy, which can be found in their political agenda. This solution is not merely a theoretical construct, because for two years it was implemented in one of the German counties. Although Liquid Friesland met with massive public interest in the county of Friesland, the level of participation did not differ from other projects to participate in a digital democracy.

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The politics of language and education in Georgia (compared with the Baltic States and Ukraine)

Author(s): Salome Dundua / Language(s): Issue: 3/2014

In the process of ensuring successful and full integration, one of the main obstacles is the lack of knowledge of the state language by ethnic minorities. Despite the fact that Georgia has achieved some success in building a democratic state, democratic institutions are still weak in the country. Having weak democratic institutions makes it very difficult to transform diverse religious and ethnic groups into one civil unit. A lack of trust towards political institutions on the one hand, and the weakness of these institutions on the other, leads to the mutual alienation and isolation of different segments of society. The Georgian government, unlike the Baltic States and Ukraine, by way of teaching Georgian to its minorities, set increasing their civic integration and activity in civic spaces as a goal. How successful the steps taken in this regard were is another question.

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The role of the discourse of intellectuals in foreign opinion journalism in communicative evolution

Author(s): Bogdana Nosova / Language(s): Issue: 3/2014

The article is dedicated to interdisciplinary studies of journalistic creativity in the opinion-forming journalism of world intellectuals, forming the agenda of contemporary international journalism. The most important concepts are identified so as to complement and extend the existing theoretical works in international journalism. The academic interpretation of foreign journalistic discourse, i.e. essays, articles, interviews of journalists, diplomats, scientists, and political philosophers is conducted, opening a new perspective on the current development of journalism, and thereby contributing to solving the problems of upgrading and modernising academic courses in international journalism, which play a leading role in training experts in international journalism. The presence of how an opinion-forming journalistic component enhances new communication chains along the author–reader–protagonist line is investigated.

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Multi-cultural Switzerland – multicultural public service media?

Author(s): Magdalena Ratajczak / Language(s): Issue: 3/2014

In this article a special attention is paid to the to the role of public service broadcaster in cultural diversity societies. The main aims of the author was answering the following questions: how cultural pluralism is implemented by the public service broadcaster in Switzerland? How the Swiss PSB implements the principle of cultural pluralism, particularly in the context of the access of national, language communities and the migrants minorities to the media? Are all groups recognized by the public broadcaster in the same way? The second goal of the author was delivering answer to a question about the manner of how public broadcaster has adopted to the new situation and how the new ethnic groups are recognized by SGR SSR. The considerations are related to a cultural pluralism, which assumes that the media provide a guarantee of cultural diversity in a society. This article is a case study of Swiss public service broadcaster – SGR SSR idee suisse.

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