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Rodzina środowiskiem przyjaznym człowiekowi

Author(s): Maciej Ostrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2009

The author makes an attempt at analysing the family environment, working on assumptions typical for Christian ecology. Man lives not only in a natural environment, but first and foremost in a society, which has a significant influence on him/her. The first environment of upbringing is a family, where man is a witness to a Christian life and in this way his/her religious and moral attitudes are formed. The family protects and takes care of a human life from the moment of conception to natural death. Moreover, the author takes note of caring for all the family members’ health, which is a gift from God. This care, among other things, finds an expression in rest in a family circle.

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Teologia ciała jako istotny aspekt małżeństwa w świetle katechez środowych Jana Pawła II

Author(s): Bronisław Mierzwiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2009

Il s’agit d’une analyse de l’enseignement du pape sur le mariage donné dans les catechèses des mercredis: 5 IX 1979 – 2 IV 1980; 11 XI 1981 – 9 II 1983; 23 V – 28 XI 1984. Leur titre commun est „Homme et femme, il les créa”. Cet enseignement constitut un regard nouveau de l’Eglise catholique sur la théologie du corps et la sexualité humaine. Il répond aux besoins du monde contemporain, en particulier aux attentes de la jeune génération. Il contribue en même temps à une meilleure compréhension du mariage chrétien comme communio personarum – communion des personnes.Cet article montre le lien profond entre la théologie du corps et celle du mariage chrétien en tant que sacrement. L’introduction explique ce lien et presente sous cet angle le contenu des catéchèses „Homme et femme, il les créa”.La réflexion de Jean Paul II est basée sur trois phrases clefs du Christ. Tout d’abord celle qui fait recours „au commencement” dans la discussion avec les pharisiens sur l’unité et l’indissolubilité du mariage (cf. Matt. 19,8; Marc 10,6-9). Ensuite les paroles du Christ sur „le désir” et „l’adultère du coeur” dans le sermon sur la motagne; enfin les paroles citées par les synoptiques sur la résurrection de la chair dans le monde à venir (cf. Matt. 2,30; Marc 12,25; Luc 20,35).Ces trois points de repère permettent au pape de développer un enseignement approfondi sur les origines bibiques de l’homme et de la femme, sur la communion qui existe entre eux et qui s’exprime aussi dans la „parole” et le „don” du corps, sur le mariage comme sacrement, sur l’importance du corps humain ressuscité. Notre article se limite à une analyse de la première partie des catéchèses de Jean Paul II „Homme et femme, il les créa”.

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Ku duszpasterstwu Kościoła domowego

Author(s): Paweł Pacholak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2009

We are making an attempt to outline the foundations of the ministryministry of marriages and families, which lead to the formulation of our basic thesis, expressed in the title: „Toward the ministry of the domestic Church”. There is no intention of this study to postulate changes concerning names or transformation of existing structures. Its essential aim, is to point out the practical dimension of marriage and family as a domestic Church, functioning in the teaching of the Church and in the theory of the ministry of the family.The idea of the domestic church, deeply rooted in Church tradition, contains very vaulable intuitions for a pastoral vision of the ministry of marriages and families. The analysis of the concept brings to mind the authentically ecclesiastic character of a Christian marriage and a family growing out of the marriage. This analysis points at principled spheres of activity in aid of marriages and families, what was first done by John Paul II. The Pope, by continuing the thought of the Second Vatican Council and of Pope Paul VI, emphasized the role of bringing up children, evangelical missionary tasks of families and the dimension of families’ engaging in ministry as a sign of the ecclesiastic character of Christian marriage and family.These observations lead to the specification of postulates of ministry, which aim at the authentic discovery of a family as a domestic Church. What seems to be the most important in preparation for marriage is faith formation of an engaged couple, who start building a marriage and a family community. Next of analysed spheres is sacramental life of members of a Christian family and the interpretation of the reality of a domestic Church as a space of the administration of the sacraments. And finally, this analysis closes with an attempt to verify universal ministry actions, while building a domestic Church and pro-family sensitivity among people who still live in different kinds of family relations.

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Domowy Kościół fundamentalnym obszarem katechezy rodzinnej

Author(s): Ireneusz Celary / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2009

Die Lehre der Kirche über die Hauskirche beruft sich heute oft auf den Hl. Johannes Chrysostom, der die Familie als „kleine Kirche” benannte, in sie die religiösen Tätigkeiten aus der liturgischen Vereinigung überträgt und die Fortführung des Lesens und der Lehre in der Häuslichkeit empfiehlt. Im Vaterhaus soll nämlich die Anfangskatechese, wie auch die Vertiefung der religiösen Kenntnisse und Ergänzung der religiösen Erziehung stattfinden, das ist die Familienkatechese. Keine andere Katechese wird heutzutage die erwarteten Resultate, ohne eine bewusste und verantwortungsvolle Mitwirkung der Familie erlangen. Dem hat auch Papst Johannes Paul II Ausdruck gegeben, indem er unterstrich, dass sogar das einfache Treffen von Eltern und Kindern nicht nur eine Gelegenheit zum gegenseitigen sich Öffnen und zum Dialog ist, sondern auch zur gemeinsamen tiefen Reflexion, die gewisse formative Elemente einführen kann. Besonders ein in der Familie herrschendes angemessenes Klima schafft eine Chance für die Aufnahme der Familienkatechese.Eine weittragende Bedeutung hat hier auch die ständige Zusammenarbeit der Eltern mit den Seelsorgern und Katecheten in der Pfarrei. Diese Zusammenarbeit sollte dazu aus dem Rahmen der Katechese herauslaufen, das heißt inhaltlich und formell die humanistischpädagogischen Gebiete des Wissens und der Formation umfassen, die die Familie zur Ausfüllung bestimmter erzieherischer und religiöser Funktionen vorbereiten.Mit der Wiedereinführung der Katechese in den Schulen stellte sich in Polen eine Lage ein, die die Katechese nicht nur im Pfarr-Kontext, sondern auch im neuen Familien-Kontext darstellen muss. Das Gebiet der Bildung und Erziehung gehört nämlich ohne Zweifel zu den wichtigsten Gebieten des Menschenlebens. Die erste und entscheidende Stimme in der Erziehung muss man der Familie geben. Diese Katechese ist auch durch das II Vatikanische Konzil als wichtigste behandelt. Durch ihre Erfüllung in der Familie wird ein eigenartiges „Katechumenat” geführt, welches die Kinder in die Anfangs-Christenheit einführt und sie lehrt, das ganze Leben mit Christus weiterzugehen.

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Rodzina jako komunia życia i miłości w Domowym Kościele Ruchu Światło–Życie

Author(s): Bogdan Biela / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2009

Family in itself is the fulfilment of one of the most basic human needs, since a man in his ontological dimension is homo familiaris. It may serve its purpose due to the fact that it is a privileged place of realization of human love and at the same time a place opened to receiving life. Thanks to this family is able to fulfil the need of an emotional bond with one’s neighbours, mutual understanding, security, a desire to have children as well as religious needs, including initiation into mysteries of religious and ecclesial life. In order to meet these aims a family must become „a community of life and love” (KDK 48). The foundation of this community is a communion of spouses with God which in turn will manifest itself in communion between spouses and communion between parents and their children. This personal vision of marriage and a Christian family, based on the idea of father Franciszek Blachnicki, is the aim of the Home Church. For families participating in the movement a nuptial communion is the foundation of communion of the whole family, and from even broader perspective, an opportunity to build an ecclesial community. This is why a family can and should call itself a home Church. In view of the above the basic aspect of the charism of the Home Church was described as „the self-gift in a marriage and a family”. The basis of formation of a marriage and a family is a nuptial spirituality, which is aspiring to holiness together with one’s spouse. The nuptial communion is built through the so called obligations. They are as follows: daily private prayer, daily family prayer, monthly nuptial dialogue, the rule of life and participation, at least once a year, in a formation retreat. Thanks to implementation of these tasks spouses get closer to one another and to God. The obligations are met by a daily effort of spouses and mutual support of other married couples gathered in the circles of the Home Church.

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Wspólny udział małżonków w Eucharystii

Author(s): Bogusław Migut / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2009

This article refers first to the Church’s recent teaching on the Eucharist and the sacrament of matrimony, and second shows a close relation between the two sacraments and the principle of participation of spouses in the Eucharist. The principles issue from the very essence of the Holy Mass and its structure. They are also dictated by the sacramental bond that ties spouses. The bond between the Eucharist and matrimony issues from their reference to the mystery of Christ. Both the sacraments are signs of Christ’s mystery; the Eucharist makes the whole of Christ’s mystery present, and matrimony is a sign of Christ’s mystery as a mystery of the nuptials, that is the revelation of the Father’s love towards the Church and of the Church’s voluntary resignation to the Father in Jesus Christ. It is a sign of Christ’s mystery, interpreted as a sign of the unity of God and people, and first of all a sign of Christ’s love towards the Church. Marriage as a covenant between a man and a woman in God is revived, or is constantly reborn, by the spouses’ participation in the sacrament of the altar. Moreover, the bond between matrimony and the Eucharist is inscribed in the bond between the Church and the Eucharist.

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Charyzmat rodziny i realizowana przez nią edukacja religijna

Author(s): Józef Stala / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2009

Die Familie – eine Gemeinschaft des Lebens und der Liebe – nimmt im Leben der Kirche eine ganz spezifische Rolle ein. Um diese Rolle umfassend zu erfüllen, erhält sie ihre eigene Gabe, die über die Identität von Ehe und Familie entscheidet. Die Familie kann nicht vor den Aufgaben resignieren, zu denen sie im Aufbau der Gemeinschaft der Kirche berufen ist und zu deren Verwirklichung sie mit ihrem speziellen Charisma bestärkt ist.Die organische Struktur der Familie stellt ihren großen Reichtum dar, bildet das Fundament für die Religionserziehung in der Familie, offenbart gleichzeitig jedoch auch die große Herausforderung, die in dieser Hinsicht ganz besonders vor den Eltern stehen. Sie müssen sich dessen bewusst werden, dass es vor allem sie sind, die ihre Kinder erziehen und sich gleichermaßen um deren religiöse Bildung kümmern müssen, weil sie deren Eltern sind. Wenn sie diese Aufgabe mit anderen Menschen teilen, insbesondere mit der Kirche und der Schule, dann soll sich dabei auf richtige Weise der Grundsatz der Subsidiarität widerspiegeln. Der vorliegende Artikel geht auf die Frage nach dem Charisma der Familie sowie nach der von ihr erfüllten Religionserziehung ein, wobei ihre Wertschätzung und Wahrnehmung besondere Beachtung erfahren.

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Szkolne nauczanie religii wobec zadania przygotowania młodzieży do konstruktywnego rozwiązywania konfliktów w małżeństwie i rodzinie

Author(s): Anna Zellma / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2009

Religious education faces various educational tasks at school. The tasks focus on teaching and integral upbringing. They involve further and closer preparation of the youth to married and family life. Conflicts in married and family life and developing appropriate skills seem an essential thematic category for religious education. This article is aimed at finding answers to the following questions: how are the problems related to conflicts in married and family life dealt with in religious education classes at school and how is the task of the preparation of the youth to constructive conflict solving in married and family life carried out. While answering these questions, the religious curriculum at upper secondary school, lower secondary school, and at professional schools are referred to. In order to better understand the issue and to show it in the context of social science, first conflicts in married and family life are presented from a psychological and pedagogical perspective. Next, religious education matters are shown. The analyses carried out here are of theoretical nature only. They are based on religious curriculums at various types of comprehensive, secondary and professional schools.

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The status of Albanian in relation to the other Balkan languages

Author(s): Bardh Rugova / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2015

Albanian has been in contact with other languages almost in all areas in which it is spoken, whereas the relationship with each of them differs from place to place. This study aims at describing the status of Albanian depending on its place of use and on the contacts it has with other Balkan languages.

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On official texts in Slavic dialects in the County of Korcha, South-Eastern Albania

Author(s): Maksim Makartsev / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2015

In the article I consider official texts in Slavic dialects in Albania. Three texts are taken as examples: “An Internal Handbook for Organising the Work of a Regional Committee at a District/Prefecture Level of MAEI [Macedonian Alliance for European Integration]” (2009), a letter written by the villagers of Boboshtica to the Bulgarian Exarch (1873), and The “Charter of the Society of Kaynas” (2006). They make use of language in its symbolic function – the way these texts are written is almost as important as what exactly is written. These texts have been created to showcase the language and to underline its uniqueness against the background of another language or idiom, or, to put it another way, to underline through the language the special status of the people that use it.

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The position and the status of Albanian in the Presheva Valley

Author(s): Lindita Sejdiu-Rugova / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2015

The present paper aims at describing the position and the social status of the Albanian language in the two municipalities of south-western Serbia – Preshevo and Bujanovac, where the majority of the population is Albanian, and where the Albanian language, together with Serbian is the official language on the territory of these two municipalities. The status of Albanian is dealt with by giving evidence of legal sanctions and describing the practical situation, based on application of the laws in force. In order to reflect the status of Albanian in this region more precisely, other data, mainly deriving from a survey conducted with Albanian citizens from the two municipalities. In addition essays and anonymous questionnaires with high school students from these two municipalities have been used. The Albanian language in Preshevo Valley is sanctioned as an official language at the local level, with equal use, especially in the formal domains of life, but the practical need for using Serbian as a first language is obvious and results in intolerance towards Albanian. Regardless of the fact that it is sanctioned as an equal language to Serbian, in practice Albanian is a language of second rank.

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Realizacja samoglasnika /e/ pod naglaskom i u ostalim pozicijama prozodijske reči u makedonskom jeziku. Sondažna istraživanja

Author(s): Anna Cychnerska / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 15/2015

According to the information in "Phonology of the contemporary standard Macedonian language" by I. Sawicka and L. Spasov (1991) realization of the Macedonian middle vowels /e/ and /o/ is higher, for example, than middle Polish or Serbian vowels. It is also believed that the Macedonian stressed vowels are higher than vowels in unstressed position. This article presents the preliminary results of the controls F1 and F2 of the vowel /e/ in various positions within the prosodic word. 120 words were analyzed in which /e/ occurred in the stressed position (40 words), or unstressed (in the first or second syllable before the stress - 40 words, and in the first or second syllable after the stress - 40 words). The results show that the value of F1 and F2 may depend on several factors. The most important among them is the position of the stressed or unstressed syllable. Realization of the stressed vowel /e/ is the highest. Articulation of the vowel /e/ in unstressed syllables is higher before the stress than after the stress. The realization of the vowel /e/ is also influenced by word-initial or final location. The beginning of the word is pronounced faster and stronger, whereas the end of the word - slower and weaker. The realization may depend on whether the syllable is open or closed. In the open syllable at the end of the word, the vowel /e/ is higher than in the closed syllable.

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Grupy samogłoskowe w dialektach kosturskich

Author(s): Anna Cychnerska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2015

The article presents a description of vocalic clusters, occurring in texts from the Kostur dialectal area. The basis for the analysis is 14 texts in the book Текстови од дијалектите на македонскиот јазик published by Vidoeski. Vowels constituting clusters were evaluated according to morphological position, location in the prosodic unit and the structure of the cluster. Most of the vowel combinations were recorded at the morphemic boundry, in the middle of the word. In these positions, clusters are more diverse in structure than inside morpheme. Geminates were relatively frequent in the texts. They constitute nearly 23% of all vowel sequences.

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Geminaty w językach słowiańskich

Author(s): Anna Kozyra / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2015

The subject of the article is the occurrence of geminates in Slavic languages. Research on the frequency of geminated consonants is based on 50-page texts read by native speakers. The results did not confirm the popular opinion that the occurrence vs. lack of geminates is a typological feature differentiating Slavic languages. The study showed, however, that today typologically significant difference between Slavic languages is the one in frequency of the occurrence of geminates.

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Lexicon of Albanian mythology: areal studies in the polylingual region of Azov Sea

Author(s): Alexander A. Novik / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2015

Four villages with Albanian population are located in the Ukraine: Karakurt (Zhovtnevoe) set up in 1811 (Odessa region), Tyushki (Georgievka), Dzhandran (Gammovka) and Taz (Devninskoe) set up in 1862 (Zaporizh’a region). The analysis of lexica of the Albanian subdialect of the Ukraine shows the continuation of the use of mythological terminology between the districts of the South-Eastern Albania (Korça, Devoll, Kolonja) and the Albanian-speaking villages of the Azov Sea region. The Albanian subdialect of the Ukraine has no collective lexeme to designate all the representatives of the demonic world. The most common forms of denotation are these: nok janë të prastúrë (lit. ‘they are unclean’), shpírti nok i prastúrë (lit. ‘unclean spirit’). There are a large number of stories about the transformation of people into the animals – dogs, cats, goats, foxes, chickens etc. and even into things (the most common plot variant is about transformation of a man into a wheel). Also we observe the personification of the steppe wind among the Albanians of the Ukraine. Thus there is a special word for such a kind of wind in this subdialect – varalluzhg/ë, –a (‘varaluzhga’). The Balkan peoples believe that the fate of every individual is assigned by three mythological characters. Most of them, including the Albanians, consider that these three characters are female. They appear several hours after the child’s birth and assign its fate. The Albanians of the Ukraine keep these beliefs, but according to their system of mythological images, there are three men determining the child’s fate instead of three women. As the native consultants claim, these are three huge, tall and strong black men (tri burre qysh japin fatnë). Another variation on this theme comprises the stories about Christ’s disciples, the apostles and their followers, who can also determine the child’s fate.

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Strategie tłumaczy wobec zjawiska obcości kulturowej w przekładach dwudziestowiecznej prozy nowogreckiej na język polski

Author(s): Natalia Jędraszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2015

According to Werner Koller, there are two main types of translations of texts which are connected to literature and culture. These types are adaptation and transfer. Adaptation is a result of using a translation strategy called domestication which consists in removing from the text all the elements which may seem odd or strange to the target reader and replacing them by some well-known units of the target culture. Transfer is a result of using a strategy called foreignization, that is of introducing to the target text some units characteristic of the source culture which may raise connotations of strangeness and foreignness. The choice of the strategy lies with the translator and depends on his vision of the target reader. The aim of this paper is to analyze translations of three Modern Greek novels into Polish with special attention paid to solutions chosen by the translators in the face of two main translation problems which are results of cultural specificity of the text: lexical problems and allusions to some historical, cultural and social facts as well as to the information these solutions provide on the translators’ vision of the target reader.

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„Und sollte jemand nach mir fragen, sag’, dass ich ihn herzlich grüsse!”

Author(s): Gerd-Dieter Nehring / Language(s): German Issue: 15/2015

The paper overviews as obituary the professional career and work of the known scientist in Albanian and Balkan studies Oda Buchholz (21.01.1940-02.01.2014). It focuses particularly on her publications in the Albanian-German lexicography and grammar drafting as well as on her activities as professor and her cooperation in Germany and abroad. The obit also draws attention to important translations by this scientist and friend of South Eastern Europe.

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Oda Buchholz: Publikationsliste

Author(s): Gerd-Dieter Nehring / Language(s): German Issue: 15/2015

The paper gives the list of publications of prof. Oda Buchholz.

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Krótka charakterystyka bałkańskich portali internetowych, blogów i stron internetowych poświęconych tematyce bałkańskiej

Author(s): Artur Karasiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2015

This review offers a listing and brief account of selected sites available on the net, where ‘Balkans’ is the word in focus. The text is designed to encourage interested people to visit websites or to facilitate the search for information. It may also be useful because it lists the most popular internet portals of each Balkan country.

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А. Н. Соболев, Основы лингвокультурной антропогеографии Балканского полуострова. Том I: Homo balcanicus и его простpанство

Author(s): Irena Sawicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2015

A review of the new monograph in Balkan studies: А. Н. Соболев, Основы лингвокультурной антропогеографии Балканского полуострова. Том I: Homo balcanicus и его простpанство, Наука - Санкт-Петербург, Verlag Otto Sagner – München, 2013.

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