ZONA THESSALO-MACEDONEANĂ SI DUNĂREA MIJLOCIE LA SFÂRSITUL MILENIULUI AL VI-LEA SI LA ÎNCEPUTUL MILENIULUI AL V-LEA A. CHR.*

Author(s): Florin Draşovean / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The cultural group Foeni was defined as a result of material discoveries of 1980s and mostly due to major systematic investigations made in ParŃa II and Foeni-The Orthodox Cemetery. At the same time, the investigations of Vinča C type settlements from the Banat, carried out simultaneously with those in the Foeni sites, allowed a dissociation of the unpainted categories of the two civilizations. The stratigraphic data justifies our affirmation that Foeni group is partially contemporaneous with the end of some Vinča C1 settlements from the Banat and parallel with classical Tisa settlements. Consequently, the chronologic moment of Foeni group in the Banat can be fixed toward the end of the stage Vinča C1. The discoveries located north of the Danube prove the dynamism of Foeni communities responsible for putting an end to the evolution of C1 stage of Vinča culture in the central and northern parts of the Banat. In Transylvania, they contributed to the birth of Petresti culture and the genesis of Iclod group—indirectly, by dislocating Turdas communities from Mures Valley and expelling them toward Central Transylvania. The analogies of painted pottery of Foeni are mainly located in the late Neolithic of northern Greece. This fact urges us to take into consideration the possibility of a contribution of Neolithic communities from Macedonia at the birth of Foeni group. This phenomenon could have taken the form of cultural diffusion grafted on population’s mobility towards the Danubian area. In our opinion, the hypothesis of a southern origin of the Foeni group, in the current stage of research, is the only credible explanation of its birth and until new counter-arguments will be raised, we consider it viable. According to C14 data, this ethno-cultural process took place around 4700 cal BC, when Foeni group was full-fledged.

MÃSURI LUATE PENTRU ÎMBUNĂTĂłIREA MICROCLIMATULUI LA MUZEUL NAłIONAL AL UNIRII ALBA IULIA

Author(s): Viorica Pîrv / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

This study presents a few problems concerning the preservation of the patrimony of museum, presented through the agency of the influence of the microclimate factors on the museum pieces as well as through the measures imposed by the action of these factors, which have an important role in the right preservation of the museum pieces. Our purpose is to emphasize the results of the research regarding the microclimate in the Museum of Unification Alba Iulia, the measures taken in order to prevent and stop the process of deterioration of the museum pieces.

MONEDE DACICE DIN COLECłIA MUZEULUI MUNICIPAL “ION RAICA” SEBES

Author(s): Viorica Suciu / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The author presents six Dacian coins from the collection of the “Ion Raica” municipal museum from Sebes, currently preserved in the National Museum of Unification Alba Iulia. Theplace of discovery is known only in the case of the third piece (inv. 473). Petru Azman from Sebes found the piece by chance in his garden located in Cântarului street, nr. 4, during agricultural labour. The other pieces originate in the Rudolf Weiss collection. The first piece is a tetradrachma from the series of the posthumous of Philip II or an imitation of Philip II type. The second one is an Adâncata-Mânăstirea type. The third one is Mediesu-Aurit type. The last three exemplars (nr. 4-6) belong, probably, to the diversified group of early mintings from Transylvania, the so-called “Celtic-Dacian”, which are included in the "Tulghies-Miresu Mare" type. This material adds up to the data referring to the Dacian and “Celtic-Dacian” pieces preserved in museum collections as well as to the monetary circulation in Dacia before the Roman conquest. The coins were reproduced on plates I-II, in the order of presentation in the catalogue.

COLECłIA DE CEASURI A MUZEULUI MUNICIPAL “ION RAICA” DIN SEBES

Author(s): Zevedei-Ioan Draghita,Anghel Călin / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

This study presents the collection of clocks of the museum from Sebes. It was constituted in the 1960s through donations and acquisitions. It consists of five table clocks, four hall clocks, a pocket watch and a mechanism of turret clock. From the point of view of execution the collection is heterogeneous. For instance, in case of the hall clocks we can notice elements of décor specific to folk art and in case of the table clocks the influences of Baroque and Rococo are perceivable. At first sight, these objects, except for the pocket watch, look as only one of its kind, which confers them more value. As concerns the pocket watch, according to our knowledge, it is important due to its mark (Lépine), frequency, as well as the exquisite workmanship.

ENEA SILVIO PICCOLOMINI ÎN BIBLIOTECI TRANSILVANE. STUDIU DE CAZ: EPISTOLAE FAMILIARES, 1496, DE LA BIBLIOTECA CENTRALĂ UNIVERSITARĂ “LUCIAN BLAGA”

Author(s): Andreea Mârza / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

Enea Silvio Piccolomini, i. e. Pope Pius II, humanist, but also a churchman, has leaved to posterity important writings, among which one may count his letters (Epistolae familiares) printed in several editions starting in 1481. The copy of the Epistolae printed in 1496, preserved in the Central University Library “Lucian Blaga” Cluj-Napoca, has traveled a long way. Its trip started from the printing shop of Anton Koberger in Nuremberg, and then reached the Cistercian abbacy at Brno, in Moravia, wherefrom arrived in the libraries of bibliophiles such as Laszló Mikó and Ludovic Pogir. Later it came into the ownership of the Kolozsvári Casino, wherein the book was attached new covers. An inventory seal indicates another owner, the Erdélyi Muzeum wherefrom the book arrived at its current owner. This is the circulation of this incunabulum and the owners who left their traces on the copy of Piccolomini’s Epistolae edited in 1496 by the Swiss humanist Nicolaus von Wyle. This study makes a presentation of the copy from the perspective of book science, intending to make research of the content as a next step, insisting on its relationship to the history of Transylvania.

ELEMENTE ALE DISCURSULUI ISTORIC LA ION BUDAI-DELEANU

Author(s): Matei Larisa / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The discourse represents an event, and within it we can find a certain meaning. The discursive field of Ion Budai-Deleanu involves three aspects: a pre-discourse, specific to the first part, having the shape of an informative-explicative discourse; a concrete discourse, in the form of a historical discourse; a counter-discourse, in the form of a polemic discourse. The function of each form is becoming evident in various particularities. The pre-discourse has an explicative function. The historical discourse has a thematic and problematical function (it questions the origins of various peoples). The counter-discourse has the function of rejecting the depreciating opinions about Romanian nation stated by foreign historians. In conclusion, the elements that the discourse of Ion Budai-Deleanu cuts up and draws are shaped not only towards supporting the rights of Romanians, but also for denying the rights of other nations. These represent fundamental ideas whose argumentation is formulated in a tight interdependence.

INSTITUłIA PREFECTULUI SI INSTITUłIA PREFECTURII ÎNTRE ANII 1918-1940

Author(s): Ionela Mircea / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

At the end of the First World War, a series of modifications aimed at achieving the juridical unification were necessary for the consolidation of the national unitary state of Romania, created at the end of 1918. These changes were necessary in order to accomplish a harmony between the political and juridical unity. While the process of creation of the national unitary state of Romania was done by the year 1920, the legislative unification lasted a longer time, in some domains it extended until the beginning of World War II. After the attainment of the Great Unification, it was recognized that in all sections of law existed parallel regulations. Ironing out these parallelisms became necessary since they were likely to hinder the process of consolidationof the new state. Consequently, the main task of legislators came to be that of the unity of regulating of the constitutional and administrative law, having in view mainly the organization of the power and state administration. Right after the completion of the national unity, four systems of administrative organization were in function in Romania. Former Romania possessed an administrative system based on the Law of local organization from 1864, with its subsequent modifications, as well as the Constitution from 1866; in Transylvania functioned a Hungarian administrative system, in Bucovina an Austrian one, and in Bessarabia a Russian one. The unification of the administrative system, either through spreading out the system of former Romania to its whole territory, or through a new form of organization, became enormously necessary. Romanian governments opted for the first solution, that is, the expansion of former Romania’s system with modifications and adaptations required by circumstances.In the administrative organization of Great Romania, regulated through the laws of 1925, 1929, and 1936, the county (prefect’s office) had a double role. It represented a decentralized administrative unit possessing legal personality and at the same time, a territorial division wherein governmental administrative services were functioning. According to the same laws, the prefect was the government’s representative in the territory. His main role was that of supervising the correct application and observance of law within his county. He was also in charge with the up keeping of order as representative of the Ministry of Inner Affairs at county level and as head of the Police and Gendarmerie. As chief of the county administration, the prefect dealt with administrative, financial, and cultural issues of the county, assisted by a whole administrative apparatus created for this task.

BĂTĂLIA ANGLIEI REFLECTATĂ ÎN PRESA LEGIONARĂ (SEPTEMBRIE 1940 - IANUARIE 1941)

Author(s): Sorin Arhire / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The Battle of England, one of the most important and most dramatic fights of the Second World War, received an increased attention of media during the National-Legionary State. The article is based upon the research into three journals, Buna Vestire, Cuvantul and Axa, journals recognized, by an official announcement of the General Secretary, on December 19, 1940, as forming the Legionary media. Each edition of the above-mentioned journals describes in detail the recent events of the Anglo-German conflict. Thus, easy to anticipate, the attitude of these journals was clearly Germanophile and, of course, Anglophobic, the deployment of the hostilities always being presented in a light favorable to Germany. The anti-British attitude of the Romanian media caused even a protest addressed to the Foreign Office Sub Secretary of State, R. A. Buttler, Minister Plenipotentiary of Romania to London. The Legionary media was not short of direct attacks against England and against everything under British name, some passages being really caustic and vilifying. The anti-Semitic component of the Legionary Movement, its atavist aversion against Jews resulted in an enhancement of the hostility feelings, their transformation into hatred against the United Kingdom. Considering the Jew as the element of dissolution of any civilization, as a person manifesting a boundless selfishness and characterized by a ferocious materialism, and considering England one of the favorite places of universal Judaism, the three journals deemed the British Islands, after the collapse of France, the last bastion of the Judeo-masonry in Europe. The media during the National-Legionary State did not analyze the Anglo-German confrontation since its beginnings, for reasons easy to comprehend, and it did not detect the end of this combat, in order to record Germany’s first major fiasco in the Second World War. However, the media succeeded in detecting the most dramatic moments of this combat, as well as the most important changes in strategy.

RECENZII SI NOTE DE LECTURĂ

Author(s): Diana Maria Sztancs,Nicolae Gudea,Radu Ciobanu,Doina Benea,Ioana Rustoiu / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

COMPLETĂRI GENEALOGICE ÎN LUMINA UNEI NOI SURSE DOCUMENTARE (31 MAI 1595)

Author(s): Ana Dumitran / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The document from 31 May 1595 is a mandate of the prince of Translyvania, Sigismund Báthori to the officials of Cluj County. It refers to a litigation between Nicholas Ombozi of Zawath and Elisabeth Hesdati, widow and heir of Ladislas Kemény of Omboz. The attempt to identify the persons involved in this litigation required a reassessment of the information of Iván Nagy’s monograph on the nobility of Hungary. Even though the members of the family under investigation were highly important at that time, the results are still in the stage of hypotheses.

ÎNRÂURIREA UNEI XILOGRAVURI DE DÜRER ASUPRA ILUSTRAłIEI DIN VOTIVA APPRECATIO, BLAJ, 1760

Author(s): Cornel Tatai-Baltă / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The Latin work Votiva apprecatio was published in Blaj in 1760. Master Petru Tekeld dedicated it with warm reverential regards, in the name of the master printers, to bishop Petru Pavel Aron on his name day. The work is adorned with a woodcut that holds an exceptional place in the Romanian graphics of old-book. The drawing consists of three registers arranged vertically. In the upper part is represented the Virgin’s Coronation by the Holy Trinity, in the middle is the escutcheon of bishop Petru Pavel Aron, and in the lower side the earliest panorama of Blaj. The latter was conceived in a naïve, but significant manner. The rhombic composition of the Virgin’s Coronation by the Holy Trinity in this illustration from Blaj, the way the figures are rendered and placed, as well as the place occupied by the apostles Peter and Paul suggest without doubt Dürer’s woodcut The Assumption and Coronation of Virgin Mary, dated in 1510, which belongs to the cycle The Life of the Virgin.

DR. GHEORGHE ANGHEL LA 70 DE ANI

Author(s): Viorica Suciu / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

INDUSTRIA MATERIILOR DURE ANIMALE ÎN PREISTORIA TRANSILVANIEI: DESCOPERIRILE APARłINÂND EPOCII ENEOLITICE DE LA SEUSA- „GORGAN”, COM. CIUGUD, JUD.

Author(s): Corneliu Beldiman,Marius Mihai Ciută,Diana Maria Sztancs / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

This study proposes a detailed morphological and technological analysis of a number of objects (mostly tools, but also chips and technical pieces, blanks and throw-outs) made of hard materials of various animal origin—bone, antlers of stag and roebuck, wild boar’s fangs, canids’teeth. The artifacts belong to the Eneolithic cultures Decea Muresului and CoŃofeni (the latter one having two distinct phases of habitation). The pieces were discovered in well defined stratigraphic contexts (houses and external structures with domestic or ritual purpose) during systematic research carried out in the interval 2000-2004. These objects are kept now in the collections of the University “1 Decembrie 1918” Alba Iulia. The study belongs to a series of recent articles by the main author, which aim at the systematic publication of the lots of artifacts of prehistoric industry of hard materials of animal origin (IMDA) from Romania (see the bibliography). The methodology used is the one employed in his doctoral dissertation and it was inspired by the concept of “typological index cards of the prehistoric bone industry” edited by Henriette Camps-Fabrer. The studied lot consists of 50 pieces (2=horizon Decea Muresului; 48=CoŃofeni). The repertory includes data concerning the objects: conservation state, morphometry, complet description—morphology, technical study (the stages of cutting, fashioning, traces of use perceivable with naked eye or with binocular microscope. These data are inserted in tables in abbreviated versions. Each object is individualized through a combinative indicative: symbol of site, number of layer of habitation of its origin, order number in the list of artifacts of each culture: SEG/I=Decea Muresului; SEG/II=CoŃofeni. The raw materials used are primarily the long bones of sheep, goat and cattle. The typology is dominated by various spikes (N=30). The great majority was made of sheep and goat metapodia.This study has allowed the discovery of nine new types of prehistoric bone industry from Romania (see table 1). The typology displays a single significant typological group, that of the spikes (I A) within which we can distinguish the predominance of small spikes (51-100 mm) and of medium length spikes (101-150 mm). The technical stage of cutting proves the use of simple solutions, such as direct strike or fracturing through bending; fracturing and direct strike/splitting. Grooving through bilateral axial trenching seems to be a solution applied very seldom for cutting the cattle horns. Sometimes these technical solutions combine in much more complex schemes (with twothree components). Fashioning and finishing stages required more diversified methods than those of cutting.

NOI CERCETĂRI PRIVIND MINERITUL ANTIC ÎN TRANSILVANIA (I)

Author(s): Horia Ciugudean,Volker Wollmann / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The first part of this study debates the possibility of existence of pre-Roman mines discussing some stone tools which belong typologically to the category “Rillenschlägel” or “Grooved hammer-stones.” Such hammer stones were discovered in Transylvania at Caraciu (Hunedoara County) and in the prehistoric settlement from Petresti (Alba County). Another possible evidence of pre-Roman mining exploitations is offered by the early salt exploitations from Valea Florilor (Cluj County), so far considered to belong to the Dacian period. The 14C date for one of the wooden tools surprisingly belongs to the later Bronze Age (13th century B.C.). A similar date is proposed for the wooden objects found out in 1817 in Valea Regilor, in Maramures. Only one image of these objects was published. The objects preserved in the National Museum of Geology from Budapest disappeared during the World War II. The study also presents a number of 14C dates concerning gold mining in Roman Dacia. We discuss the date (2000+60 BP) given for a hydraulic wheel hub from Ruda-Brad (Hunedoara County), which can be dated cal. 1 σ (68 %) between 75 BC - 45 AD and cal. 2 σ (95 %) between 150 BC-130 BC. Two other dates concern the gold exploitations from Rosia Montană, being collected from Păru-Carpeni and Orlea areas. A sample of a wooden ladder from Păru-Carpeni gave the date 1860+60 BP, which was calibrated 1 σ (68 %) between 90-240 AD and cal. 2 σ (95 %) between 20-245 AD.

COORDONATE SOCIAL-CULTURALE ÎN ACTIVITATEA SOCIETĂłII “MICA” LA BRAD ÎN PERIOADA 1940-1948

Author(s): Cristina Rişcuţa / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

In the interwar period the leadership of “Mica” Company dealt with some issues regarding its staff, including requests for labor contracts, promotions, salary increases, absorption of a big number of refugees coming from the territories lost by Romania in the summer of 1940, and the lack of qualified technicians and workers during the war. The cultural investments of the leadership of “Mica” company were much lower during the war than in the interwar period. All schools and hospitals financed by the company continued to function, but no new establishment could be built between 1942 and 1947.

NOI ORDINE SI MEDALII INTRATE ÎN COLECłIA MUZEULUI ALBAIULIAN

Author(s): Angela Mureşan / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

In July 2003, the patrimony of the National Museum of Unification Alba Iulia was enriched with three decorations, which belonged to Jolondcovscki Alexei Carp (1883-1957), National Peasant Party deputy of Tighina, who was in service in 1933-1934. In 1940, he was deported in Siberia. He came in Romania after sixteen years and died in 1957. He received three distinctions, in unknown circumstances. His heirs have donated the orders to the museum. 1. Crown of Romania, Knight grade- this order was meant to reward outstanding services for the state and was awarded both to military and civilians. 2. Eagle of Romania, Knight grade- was awarded to members of the Parliament according to the number of legislatures and their standing in the Parliament. Thus, the senators and deputies elected for the first time received Knight grade. The presidents of the legislative bodies elected for the first time received Commander first class grade. This distinction was also awarded to foreign Parliament members. 3. Peles medal- was a commemorative medal established in 1933. It was awarded to the members of the royal house and their invitees during the celebration of fifty years from the inauguration of Peles castle by Carol I, on 25 September 1933. It was awarded to civilian personalities, to the members of the Superior Council of the Army, and to the military of Sinaia garrison, etc.. All these pieces have contributed to the enlargement of the collection of medals of the museum of Alba Iulia. They represent one of their kind pieces in the collection. The family of their possessor has preserved them very carefully in conditions of severe hardship. The medals were handed to the museum in an excellent state of conservation.

BIBLIOTECA PUBLICĂ DIN ALBA IULIA - INIłIATIVĂ A MUZEULUI NAłIONAL AL UNIRII

Author(s): Carmen Stînea / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

This study presents the ties between two important cultural institutions from Alba Iulia: the National Museum of Unification and the Public Library (1938-1944). It emphasizes the exceptional role played by the Museum and its director, Ion Berciu, in the creation of the library. The Public Library was created in 1942, based initially on a book donation made by Nicolae Iorga, in 1938. The National Museum of Unification donated the furniture, books and the first fund that allowed the purchase of registers and the payments of the auxiliaries helping out the inventorying activity. Between 1942 and 1944, Ion Berciu, the director of the museum, took care of this new institution (correspondence, acquisitions, donations, regulations, and staff). The Public Library was considered a branch of the museum until 1944, when the museum withdrew the scholarly books and created a separate library of its own.

O BRĂłARĂ DACICĂ DE TIP “SIMLEUL SILVANIEI” PROVENIND DE LA MUZEUL DE ISTORIE “AUGUSTIN BUNEA” - BLAJ (JUD. ALBA)

Author(s): Cristinel Plantos / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

Între piesele de podoabă vehiculate în mediul daco-getic pe teritoriul României, brăŃările din bronz cu ornament snurat se constituie într-o grupă bine reprezentată. La repertoriul acestora adăugăm, cu acest prilej, un nou exemplar descoperit în colecŃiile Muzeului de Istorie “Augustin Bunea” din Blaj, cu ocazia unei vizite realizate în luna noiembrie a anului 2003. Piesa se află în expoziŃia de bază si are numărul de inventar 110. Din consultarea registrului de evidenŃă nu am reusit să indentificăm locul de provenienŃă si nici condiŃiile sale de descoperire. Putem, totusi, deduce că ea a fost găsită fie pe teritoriul orasului Blaj, fie în împrejurimi. Zona în discuŃie este bine ilustrată de materiale aparŃinând celei de-a doua epoci a fierului: ne gândim la descoperirile de pe teritoriul orasului sau la cele de la Lupu (com. Cergău) ori Cetatea de Baltă etc. Artefactul prezentat este confecŃionat din trei segmente de sârmă din bronz unite între ele prin trei inele circulare. Pe fiecare segment au fost aplicate în unghi de 120º trei sârme torsionate. De asemenea, pe fiecare inel de prindere se constată existenŃa a sase noduri - rezultat al procesului de prindere a sârmelor torsionate. Diametrul variază, datorită unei usoare deformări, în jurul a 10 cm, în timp ce grosimea este de 0,6-0,7 cm. Prin caracteristicile enunŃate, podoaba noastră se încadrează într-o grupă mai largă a podoabelor din Dacia, în tipul 3 al brăŃărilor, după tipologia propusă de A. Rustoiu, respectiv în prima grupă a acestora (3a), produse cunoscute si drept “brăŃări cu ornamente snurate de tip Simleul Silvaniei”. Autorul prezintă si discută artefactele de acest tip, observând că aceste podoabe, apărute prevalent în situri importante ale Daciei preromane, se datează cu precădere în sec. I a. Chr, ele constituind o grupă estică a acestui gen de brăŃări din Europa barbară a celei de-a doua epoci a fierului.

CHANDELIERS EN BRONZE D’APULUM (II)

Author(s): Daniela Ciugudean / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The Roman archeological collection of the Museum from Alba Iulia has recently been enriched with a couple of interesting bronze pieces acquired from various private collectors. These include two candlesticks (Leuchter), originating in the territory of the ancient city of Apulum. The first piece discussed is a candlestick with double hemispherical bowl, decorated with double circular incisions, engraved on wheel. The needle (or the case) for the candle is lacking, but there is an orifice in the center of the bowl for it. From the point of view of the state of conservation, besides important traces of corrosion, the bowl suffered numerous deteriorations: breaks of the walls, deformations and torsions of the metal. The second object analyzed is a base of a candlestick consisting of a leg in the shape of a torus and an abacus in the shape of a truncated cone separated by a scotia. In the middle of the upper part—decorated with concentric circular incisions on wheel—it is situated an orifice for the candle’s needle. The object is covered with patina. Within and mostly outside the leg, the burrs, which were not removed after casting, are noticeable. Candlesticks with double hemispheric bowl were discovered in most of the Roman provinces. Similar pieces were found in settlements, castra and necropolis from Germany, England, Belgium, France, Austria and Morocco. The closest analogy of the candlestick from Apulum is an exemplar discovered at Dijon. A typology and chronology of this type of candlestick was made by the German researcher H. Drescher, who concluded that these objects date from the first century to mid-third century AD. He also suggested that the pieces originating from graves could possibly have been tied to funeral practices. As regards the candlestick’s base, there is no identical parallel. However, there are a few hexagonal bases with orifice for embedding the port-candle needle among the bronze pieces from Morocco. The bronze candlesticks were usually associated with luxury furniture. Due to their artistic value, some of them were transmitted in a family for generations. Presenting an exquisite workmanship and belonging to a limited number of beneficiaries, these objects found in well-to-do houses represent a mark of prosperity of their owners and, at the same time, of the whole community.

EXPOZIłIA NAłIONALĂ A ASTREI DE LA SIBIU DIN ANUL 1881

Author(s): Boda Gherghina / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

After the success of a first exhibition organized in Brasov in July 1862, the organization of a new exhibition remained on the agenda of the Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and Culture of the Romanian People (Astra). The second exhibition of Astra, from 1881, took place in political circumstances that were unfavorable to national manifestations. The policy of the Austro- Hungarian monarchy sought to diminish and even annihilate any tendencies or national manifestations of non-Magyar peoples within the dualist state. These internal and external conditions conferred a strong political character to the 1881 exhibition, which was clearly mirrored by the Apelul [the Call] launchedin the journal Transilvania, which was later taken over by other periodicals. This call emphasized the fact that foreigners’ opinion was that Romanians had not developed any industrial sector and, moreover, they were not even endowed with skills necessary to exercising various trades, and even less for the development of heavy industry or belle arts. The exposition displayed over 10.000 objects under 6000 numbers of which 3.000 were products of domestic industry of Romanian women. The objects were included in a catalogue that could be presented to the public only during the last two days of the exhibition. The exhibitors were rewarded for the most beautiful and extraordinary objects exposed. Asylum “Elena Doamna” from Bucharest received the golden medal. Other exhibitors received prizes in cash, honors diplomas, and gratitude. The success of the exhibition was revealed by the high number of visitors, 4321 persons, and an income from pay of 1694,70 florins. Despite the difficulties created by the Hungarian government, this exhibition succeeded to get organized, a fact that demonstrates the moral resistance of the Romanian people as well as its desire of recognition as nation in a time of aggressive Magyarisation policy. It was a great success, the exhibition succeeded to demonstrate the creative abilities and the artistic and practical skills of the Romanian people.