TERITORIUL RURAL AL MUNICIPIULUI TIBISCUM

Author(s): Doina Benea / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The territory of the municipium Tibiscum is best identified in the south, where the inscription raised by P. Ael. Ariortus, magistratus of Dierna. represents a clear proof; at the east – the entrance in the Iron Gates of Transylvania; at the west, the borders go beyond the camp line Lederata-Tibiscum, with some uncertainty in the plain area; at the north, it could include the settlement from Sânnicolau Mare, reaching the river Mures. It is very possible that this territory belongs to the pagus of Micia. This territorium did not include the auxiliary camps with the vici militares which possessed a different territory. The mining rural settlements could have belonged either to a mining district or to the ancient city.

CARACTERIZAREA CU APARATURĂ SPECTRALĂ A SUPORTULUI PAPETAR AL MANUSCRISELOR ÎN PROCESUL DE CONSERVARE SI RESTAURARE

Author(s): Gomoiescu Despina,Eugen Darvasi,Chintoanu Mircea,Monica Ursu,Sofia Ştirban,Cadar Sergiu,Alexandru Ştirban / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The authors intended and realized a non-destructive device that measures spectral parameters of old paper. Finding out the optical characteristics of old books or works of art’s paper helps both the identification of their origin, their dating, as well as the proper selection of materials necessary for conservation and restoration. The device uses non-destructive optical methods based on the spectrometry of reflectivity which represent the investigation of the spectral composition of an optical radiation reflected by a surface. The tests of the apparatus were made on a Romanian manuscript from the eighteenth century, in the National Center of Conservation and Restoration of Old Book, from the National Museum of Unification Alba Iulia. Following the results of the experiments the authors can conclude that the device is very useful in the process of conservation and restoration of the old manuscripts and can be used for finding out the color parameters.

ANALIZA ARHEOBOTANICĂ A UNUI LOT DE SEMINłE CARBONIZATE PROVENIT DIN “SILOZURILE” DESCOPERITE LA PIATRA CRAIVII

Author(s): Cristinel Plantos,Elena Beatrice Ciută / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The aim of this paper is to present the archaeobotanical analyses made on four samples recovered from closed contexts discovered on the fifth terrace from Piatra Craivii settlement. These samples were discovered during the archaeological excavations in 1962. After their discovery, they have been kept until recently in museum deposits. For these reasons, we do not know exactly in what context they were picked up. It is worth mentioning that a rectangular sanctuary, a few ritual pits and provisions pits, but also a workshop for iron manufacturing were discovered on the same terrace where the carbonized seeds were found. Based on these facts, it could be proposed that this terrace had two phases of habitation. The analyses of sample seeds (four samples) have offered the following results: three of them belonged to Cerealia family and another one to Leguminosae family. In the following lines, we shall make a short description of them. The seeds from sample 1 were identified as belonging to Secale cereale specie (rye); weight 125 grams, counting 16.500 seeds (Fig. 1). Sample 2 consisted of seeds belonging to Lens culinaris specie (lentil) weight 50 grams, counting 2000 seeds (Fig. 2). Sample 3, weighing 200 grams and counting 15.500 seeds, consisted of seeds belonging to Hordeum vulgare specie (barley) (Fig. 3). The seeds from sample 4 belonged to the same Secale cereale specie (rye) and they were counting 38.000 seeds, having 375 grams weight. Although the weight could appear as light, compared with the number of seeds from each sample, this fact could be explained by the results of the process of carbonization underwent by the seeds. This process caused them to lose the water from their composition. These discoveries come to complete the knowledge about cereals and legumes cultivation in pre-Roman Dacia. They could also suggest commercial relations between communities from Piatra Craivii with those located in the fertile area of Mures Valley.

ARCHÄOLOGISCHE UND HISTORISCHE HINWEISE BETREFFEND DEN ANFANG DER KELTISCHEN KOLONISATION DES INNENKARPATISCHEN RAUMES

Author(s): Aurel Rustoiu / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The chronology of the Celtic discoveries from Transylvania has caused numerous debates over time. Some of the discussions were concerned with the dating of the earliest La Tène artifacts. The systematic investigation and publication of the necropolis from Piscolt (Satu Mare County) allowed resuming of discussions concerning the stages of development of Celtic settlements from Tisa basin and Transylvania. The funerary compounds from this necropolis belong to four chronological intervals. The earliest complex dates from LT B1/B2 (Kramer) – LT B1b-1c (Waldhauser). A number of rings and fibulae originating in funerary compounds from Transylvania and Crisana, or found accidentally, add up to the archeological materials found in the necropolis from Piscolt. These complexes prove the penetration of the first Celtic groups in areas located east of Middle Danube. The ancient literary sources suggest that the first Celtic colonization of the region occurred around 335 B.C., when an embassy of the Celts from Adriatic Sea (probably the Senones) met Alexander the Great in the region of Iron Gates. Based on the archeological materials, one can suppose that besides the Senones, other groups from the Alpine and Transdanubian regions have contributed to the Celts’ expansion. By the end of the fourth century B.C. the Inner Carpathian area was already colonized by Celtic groups. This region constituted one of the areas of recruitment for the Balkan invasion from 280-277 B.C.

EMIGRANłII SI PRIZONIERII ROMÂNI DIN FRANłA (1917-1919) ÎN LUPTA PENTRU ÎNTREGIREA STATALĂ A ROMÂNIEI (II)

Author(s): Ioan Şerban I. / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The author discusses the difficulties met by the attempt of organizing a military group of Romanian voluntaries and war prisoners in 1917-1919. The intention was that this military group would participate in the battles on the west front, supporting in this way Entente’s cause in the conditions of Romania’s capitulation through the peace treaty from Bucharest (1917). The action of organization was delayed due to hesitations of Entente’s decision making staff on the one hand, and by the disagreements of the Romanian emigration, on the other. The movement for organization received a new boost through the formation on 6 September 1918 of a National Council of Romanian Unity in Paris. One of the commissions of the Council assumed as its main task the organization of a Romanian Legion in France. The Legion was formed on 22 October 1918, through an order of the President Raymond Poincaré, but did not have the chance to participate in the effort of defeating the Central Powers. Its only mission remained the repatriation in order to support the Romanian authorities confronted with the danger of attacks in the newly united territories. The repatriation took place in June-July 1919.

ATELIERUL CERAMIC DIN CASTRUL DE LA PRAETORIUM (MEHADIA). CONTRIBUÞII ARHEOLOGICE (I)

Author(s): Simona Vlascici,Mariana Crînguş Balaci,Ştefanescu Atalia / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

During the 4th century AD, a pottery workshop was in use in the Roman camp from Praetorium-Mehadia. It consisted of two pottery kilns and a basin for the preparation of clay. Both kilns belong to the type of kiln with a central pillar, very frequently found in the Roman period.

PREZENTAREA MODULUI DE PROPUNERE A PROIECTULUI METODE SI TEHNICI DE INVESTIGARE SI TRATAMENT A SUPORTURILOR PAPETARE ÎN SCOPUL CONSERVĂRII PREVENTI

Author(s): Gomoiescu Despina,Eugen Darvasi,Chintoanu Mircea,Monica Ursu,Sofia Ştirban,Alexandru Ştirban / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

The authors’ intention is to stimulate the development of research projects in the field of national heritage through a presentation of the mode of participation in the competition of projects for research-development and of a CERES project called “Methods and techniques of investigation and treatment of paper for preventive conservation and restoration of books and works of art from museums and libraries.” It was a successful project proposed and earned by the National Institute of Research-Development for Optoelectronics, The Branch Institute of Research for Analytical Instrumentation Cluj-Napoca in partnership with the National Museum of Unification Alba Iulia (The National Center of Conservation and Restoration of the Old Book), and the National Museum of Arts Cluj-Napoca. Therefore the article presents the preparatory stages of a research project, the forms that must be filled, and the way in which the participants achieved these. Finally, a note should be made to the fact that the success of the project and the gaining of financial support for this multidisciplinary project (so useful to the rescue of the national heritage) depended on the mode of presentation of the project, its objectives, its novelty in Romania and abroad, and its practical applicability.

NECROPOLA MEDIEVALĂ TIMPURIE DE LA ALBA IULIA – STR. BRÂNDUSEI (III)

Author(s): Valentin Deleanu,Adela Kudler,Gabriel Rustoiu,Aurel Dragotă,Monica Crişan,Cristina Cordoş,Cosmin M. Urian / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

During this campaign a number of 35 inhumation graves have been uncovered. The dead (men, women and children) were laid down in dorsal decubitus, with the skull fallen on the left or the right side. Most of the times the skeleton orientation is from West (head) to East, but some deviations VNV – ESE do exist. As compared to the 10th century burials, now we notice a row alignment. The position of the arms differs: both forearms are laid on the pelvis, the left forearm along the body, and the right one on the pelvis. There are also some customs preserved, such as side plating the grave with shapeless lithic material (pseudo-cyst) and covering the grave with fragments of limestone (5 cases).The graves covered with lithic material are children’s graves, only one of them belongs to an adult. We have also identified superposed graves (M. 59 and M. 89). There are also cases when the lithic material protects the head, the pelvis or the lower limbs. A more particular situation was represented by M. 63, which had a piece of wood on the skullcap. The remains of burned wood are frequently seen in most of the graves. There are very clear traces of cremation in MN. 89 where one can see them all along the grave. The totality of the funeral rite and ritual pleads for dating the necropolis at the edges of the 1st and 2nd Bjelo Brdo phases. The phase before the last third of the 11th century may be considered a terminus post quem for this necropolis.

IN MEMORIAM DORIN OVIDIU DAN

Author(s): Vasile Moga / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

IMAGINEA LUPEI CAPITOLINA ÎN ASIA CENTRALĂ

Author(s): Radu Ota / Language(s): Issue: -/2005

This study is dedicated to the subject of lupa feeding the twins. The author discusses a magnificent discovery made by a Soviet team of archaeologists led by the scholar N. N. Negmatov, in a palace of Bunjikata (now Shahristan), the capital of the early medieval state Ustrushana. The most interesting thing is, in fact, that this discovery occurs outside the borders of the ancient Roman Empire. How did this subject occurs in Central Asia in the 8th-9th centuries AD ? The painting with this subject was discovered in an early medieval palace, next to other paintings depicting Zoroastrian scenes with the struggles between the knights of the legendary king Faridun and the murderer king Zohak. It is the battle between the forces of Good and Evil. Finally, it is a painting of Iranian art inspired by the Zoroastrian religion and the old Iranian legends. The author contests a few opinions formulated by Prof. Negmatov. Describing the origins of this subject, the scholar wants to make some links between the Eastern origins of the Etruscans and the old Iranian legends. He affirmed in a few articles that the Etruscans, as a people with Eastern origins, were the bearers of this subject in their way to Italy. He reminds us about the statue of the she-wolf from the Vatican Museum. Prof. Negmatov doesn’t know that the legend of the she-wolf feeding the abandoned twins existed since the 4th-3th centuries B.C. There are still a lot of proceedings regarding the author of the ancient sculpture. Today this problem remains opened for debates. The she-wolf had no link with the legend of the founder of Rome, while the twins were added in the Renaissance time. We conclude that the scene of this painting is inspired from the Roman iconography, but in the meantime, in the Iranian mentality existed a few heroes fed by animals (a cow, a she-wolf, etc) found in the Iranian mythology. It is possible to be an old common Indo-European language inherited by Iranians and Romans. We can not conclude that it is an Indo-European inheritance yet. But all these hypothesis are possible. Let us not forget that the commercial relations with Byzantium crossed the Silk Road in the area of Sogdiana. Near Bunjikata, in the ancient ruins of Penjikent, there were discovered ten medallions and bracteatae depicting lupa. We think that these Iranians did not thought of the Roman legend of Romulus and Remus while they looked at the painting. The painter took over this image from the Roman iconography and illustrated the ancient Iranian legends with it.

Always the Same: Elegy on the State of the Humanities in Eastern Europe

Author(s): Eszter Babarczy / Language(s): Issue: 04/1999

Reflections on the state of the Humanities in Eastern Europe which are based on a conference held in Collegium Budapest.

Bibliographica Hungarica

Author(s): Zsolt Bánhegyi / Language(s): Issue: 04/1999

A selection of new titles at the 1999 Frankfurt Book Fair.

A Case of Female Hysteria in the 1880s

Author(s): Sándor Vári / Language(s): Issue: 04/1999

"In the of fledgling Hungarian psychiatry, the 1880s was a period when psychiatrist focused mainly on new disease categories such as hysteria and hytero-epilepsy. (...) One of the most active psychiatirsts and most productive authors in this field was Károly Laufenauer."

A Moderate Reformer

Author(s): Csaba Lévai / Language(s): Issue: 04/1999

A comprehensive review on Péter Hahner's Thomas Jefferson és a francia forradalom (Thomas Jefferson and the French Revolution).

In Praise of Cultural Outposts

Author(s): Zsolt Bánhegyi / Language(s): Issue: 04/1999

A review on the operation of Fulbright Commission in Hungary.

Notices

Author(s): István Kemény,Ágnes Czakó,Roman Zaoral,Peter Wozniak / Language(s): Issue: 04/1999

Review articles: Roman Zaoral on Enea Silvio; Peter Wozniak on J. Jedlicki; Ágnes Czakó on Júlia Szalai; and István Kemény on Mihály Laki.

Iconology and Interpretation

Author(s): Gábor Tüskés / Language(s): Issue: 04/1999

A comprehensive review on three volumes of the series "Ikonológia és műértelmezés" (Iconology and Interpretation) and on papers of the Szeged conference "Iconology East and West".

Warriors and Ancestors

Author(s): János Végh / Language(s): Issue: 04/1999

A comprehensive review on Ernő Marosi's Kép és hasonmás (Image and Likeness: Art and Reality in 14th-15th Century Hungary).

Kolnstantin Gortcha. Ma vie parmi le Chinois

Author(s): Vidosav Stefanović / Language(s): Issue: 16/1979

La couronne de Petrija

Author(s): Dragoslav Mihajlović / Language(s): Issue: 16/1979