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This article aims to outline theoretical and methodological frameworks that may facilitate a more informed inquiry into the nature of technological risks from the conceptual perspective of cultural studies. Despite its roots in technical and economic sciences, the notion of risk seems to fit perfectly into a plethora of culturally-oriented discourses whose common denominator is a criticism focused at scientific and technological pillars of (late) modern civilizations. When perceived in an overtly cultural context, risk functions as a discourse which embraces, on the one hand, social, political and moral consequences of modernization processes, and, on the other hand, symbolic practices which aim to construct cultural representations of diversified technological dangers.
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The field of ecological criticism has, in the United States, concentrated upon recent and contemporary works, regularly invoking only a small group of earlier writers, such as Thoreau and Leopold, who are obvious precursors of modern ecological thinking. However, if one turns to 19th century writers whose popularity during their lifetimes shows that they voiced widely held views, one may conclude that the concerns of today’s ecological critics and writers have always figured prominently in the American consciousness. This paper examines some representative works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, to show that this supremely conventional poet wrote feelingly on three issues that most preoccupy current ecological criticism: the condition and fate of Native Americans, the exploitation of nature, and the instability and destructiveness of modern civilization. Longfellow’s popularity in his own day indicates that his vast readership was likewise exercised by these concerns, and that, therefore, the “ecological consciousness” was quite widely held in mid-19th century America. The paper suggests obliquely that this conclusion may lead one to take a dim view of the practical effectiveness of an ecological consciousness in Longfellow’s day or in our own.
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The article analyzes the relation between nature and culture in the light of Darwinian literary studies. According to the Darwinists, literary theory has greatly suffered from claiming that culture (in the sense of the whole of human creation) is autonomous in relation to nature. If, as they claim, the human psyche is not independent from the biologically understood body, and if the theory which best explains the functioning of the human mind is evolutionary psychology, then all its creations (including literature and other arts) can be fully understood only within Darwinian framework. As the Darwinists claim, understanding the mechanisms governing art, along with its function in human life requires subordinating humanities to biology and a further reduction of all research areas to simpler, empirical claims, so that the unity of science can be maintained. However, a closer analysis of both the Darwinists’ claims and of some examples of the Darwinian studies indicates numerous problems with the postulated research programme, raising doubts about the possibility of a fully reductionists stance on culture.
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The aim of this article is to synthesize the importance of mediation as one of the most used methods regarding the alternative solutions to courts of law. The approach is qualitative and is focused on the increasing trend of mediation in Europe, an evolution of the related European policies and the medium and long-term perspectives of mediation.. For this purpose we used the case study regarding countries such as Italy and Romania, countries that have introduced mandatory mediation before opening a judicial process. The study is important for those involved in the justice act (attorneys, lawyers, magistrates) and the novelty of the study dwells in the analysis of mediation in the various European government systems.
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The paper aims to identify and itemize the concrete way of intervention regarding the settlement of individual labor conflicts, in the Romanian legal system, through alternative ways. In full agreement with the previous Romanian legislation and with the examples provided by compared legislation, we consider necessary to establish a conciliation commission for each employer, whose main role will be trying to solve the dispute between the parties in a prior stage before notifying the competent court. It also emphasizes the appropriate legislative intervention in order to rethink the concepts of regulation contained in article 38 of the Labour Code and to increase the possibility of widespread use of mediation in individual labour disputes. The study also highlights the need to correct the legislative gap created by repealing Art. 76 of Law no. 168/1999 on the settlement of labor disputes, which was actually the only norm of labor law which expressly and directly referred to the amicable settlement procedure of individual labor conflicts. The formulated proposals may provide the legislator support in the course of perfecting, at the level of regulation, the process of specialization of labor jurisdiction in the Romanian legal system.
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The quality of parenthood is the legal consequence of the manifestation of the procreation right, which is under the control of the individual will, but also the right to adopt, which after the exercise it submits the person to verification by the competent authorities on fulfilling the conditions of substance and the form provided by law. We decided upon a short analysis, based on the Civil Code provisions and other special laws, of the legal ways by which a person can acquire the quality of parenthood.
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Human cloning is one of the matters that have been broadly discussed at a scientific and legal level. In this article, I will present the worldwide relevant aspects as regards this. The bioethical substantiation of forbidding human cloning is made, first, by the fact that the artificial cloning of a human being is a threat to the human identity because it endangers the protection against predetermining the human genetic constitution by a third party; the human dignity is thus endangered by transforming the human being into an object by artificial cloning. Given the insufficient coverage that the national legislation provides to this topic, according to the legislative experience belonging to other countries, this article presents some legislative proposals in order to fill in at least partially such gaps.
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Unlike the Civil Code of 1864, the current Code includes norms of common law and some application in different fields. The current regulation is not beyond criticisms given that part of doctrine seems tributary to the opinions formulated according to the previous norms. Starting from general provisions, we would like to point out that the substantiation of the security interest, in this new configuration, expands beyond the existence of a material connection between the receivable and the asset and the lawmaker has, upon the preparation of the Civil Code, a broader vision.
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Through this study we resume a topic analyzed by other authors as well, however we will highlight, based on analysis, observation and case study, the new nuances of subsidiarity principle after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. Based on the historical perspective of the approach of this principle, we stopped on the subsidiarity’s place and role in the European reorganization. Subsidiarity principle is now a way of resetting the EU's relations with the Member States, while respecting the democratic principles established by the Treaty on European Union, increasing the role of national parliaments in the proper functioning of the European Union.
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The trial under admission of guilt is an abbreviated procedure relying on a guilty plea, and it may be applied if the conditions stipulated in the New Criminal Procedure Code are fulfilled. One of these conditions is for the defendant to fully admit of the deeds presented by the prosecutor in the indictment (he must not, however, admit the same upon the legal classification of offences). Pursuant to the simplified procedure, in the case of conviction or postponement of the application of the sanction, the punishment limits stipulated under the law are reduced by one third for imprisonment, and by one fourth for fine sanctions. The present article is a a continuation of the author’s own research and it represents a clear comment regarding trial under admission of guilt according to the New Criminal Procedure Code, in the purpose of understanding the legislator’s intention and how the new regulations will apply.
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The purpose and the objectives of the research aim at examining the constitutive content of the operating a motor vehicle without a valid driver’s license offense, presenting recent examples of judicial practice that may be current still in terms of the new regulations imposed by the entry into force of the New Romanian Criminal Code. The research results consist of examining the constitutive content referring to the judicial practice and highlighting practical issues. The study can be useful for both theorists and practitioners in the field.
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The purpose and the objectives of the research consist of examining the constitutive content of the crime of refusal or evasion from collecting biological samples according to the New Criminal Code, thus presenting some recent examples of judicial practice that may be applied in terms of new regulations imposed by the entry into force of the New Romanian Criminal Code. The research results consist of examining the constitutive content referring to judicial practice, and highlighting the elements of distinction between the two regulations. The study can be useful for both theorists and practitioners of criminal law, and to any physical entity.
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The aim of this paper is to identify consecutive stages of process management and to assign desired (from the point of view of effectiveness of realized processes) behaviours of leaders to them. In the following article on the basis of available literature and empirical studies a series of activities from the area of process management was identified. Next, there was an attempt to indicate characteristics of the leader activities, which could significantly influence the success of individual stages of management processes.
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The paper is focused on social market economy and the prerequisites for its further improvement toward better embodiment of social ideals, with a special emphasis on the need to place a socio-economic growth concept at the heart of market mechanisms. A posteriori adjustments to the division of value will not suffice to permanently and effectively embed a social development concept in a social market economy model; instead, social goals must be inscribed in value prior to its creation. The socio-economic content of value must be determined by the society itself via democratic decision making processes, whereby social needs should be balanced against available resources and reconciled with the sustainable growth agenda.
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The purpose of this article is to assess the Polish economy against the background of the 11 new member states of the European Union (EU) – the former socialist countries. The analysis included the last 10 years, the period in which these countries joined the EU. The subject is both the real sphere of the economy (macroeconomic results), as well as the regulatory sphere (a functioning market economic system in these countries). Test results show that the Polish economy looks much better in comparison with 2004.
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The analysis of human capital spatial differentiation carried out using the Hellwig’s taxonomic method shows that only three voivodeships (Mazowieckie, Małopolskie, Pomorskie) are characterised by a high level of human capital. A much more numerous group is composed of voivodeships (Łódzkie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Zachodniopomorskie, Podkarpackie, Lubelskie, Opolskie, Lubuskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie) having a low level of human capital. The Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, with the lowest level of human capital, is placed at the most disadvantageous position.
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The objective of the study was to evaluate the useage of Internet in the distribution of products compared to other areas of network usage in business enterprises. Particular attention was concentrated on food sector companies. The usage of Internet by those enterprises concerned on the exploration and exchange of information and improvement of settlements with contractors. Internet has minor importance in food sales, as indicated by a small number of online food stores.
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