Nowa ekonomia strukturalna w kontekście rozwoju zintegrowanego

Author(s): Michał Gabriel Woźniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 54/2018

The article’s discourse is based on the assumption that GDP is not the goal of development butthe means of its implementation. For this reason, the author postulates the study of the middle incometrap from the point of view of broadly understood development, i.e. the ability of the nationaleconomy to reduce the development gap in terms of the quality of life of citizens in relation to highlydeveloped countries. In this context, the author points to the lack of sufficiently positive consequencesof the modernization of the Polish economy for the quality of life of citizens, convergence interms of labor productivity and technology. The author presents a critical analysis of prescriptionsfor development economics recommended to developing countries also from this perspective. Thereare analyzed comparative advantages as a catching-up tool, recommendations of structural economyand Michał Kalecki’s theory of growth and endogenous theory of growth and consensus of themainstream of economics. A special place, however, is devoted to the recommendations of the NewStructural Economics, which were critically analyzed from the point of view of catching up in theentire integrated development space.

Polityka podatkowa państwa a nierówności społeczne

Author(s): Piotr Wiatrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 54/2018

The main duty of the state is to to equalise life opportunities for different social groups. It is ofgreat importance as Article 20 of Polish Constitution establishes the economic order of the Republic ofPoland described as the social market economy. Activities undertaken on the market are to be controlledand the obligation of the state is to conduct tax with the purpose to equalize excessive inequalityby means of redistribution of national income. It is also based on the social justice principle (Article2 of Polish Constitution). Unfortunately, Polish tax system is degressive and the rich pay proportionatelylower taxes in relation to the poorer citizens. Income stratification after taxation is higher thanbefore it and redistribution takes place from the poor towards the rich. On the international scale eightrichest people dispose of the same amount of assets as the half of the population. Social inequality maybe equalized by means of progressing of income taxes. Unfortunately, the state redistribution seemsto be ineffective due to globalization of financial markets, escape of capital to tax havens. This resultsin middle class pauperization and the states are incapable to cover rising budget deficits due to taxoptimization activities. T. Piketty is of the opinion that the right solution to eliminate social inequalityshould be based on introduction of global, progressive tax on individual property by means of speciallyestablished democratic institutions with global competences.

Koncepcje nowelizacji ustawodawstwa ograniczającego dług publiczny i zarządzanie długiem

Author(s): Leszek Klukowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 54/2018

During last several years (2004–2016) the level of deficit and public debt has been worsened. Thefollowing key facts have crucial meaning: – significant sustained exceeding of the level 3% of the quotientdebt/GDP (exceed 7.3% in the years 2009, 2010), – exceeding of the level 50% debt/GDP (2010 year),and also 55% in 2010, – more than threefold increase of debt in initial 14 years of current century, – noexecution of regulations of the public debt strategy about: the quotient of debt/GDP, share of external debtin the treasury debt etc., – high level of profitability of the debt (the effect of excessive debt servicing costs,especially in comparison to non-crisis countries of EU, in the period of negative deposit rates of ECB).The level of servicing costs is a crucial pathology in the area of public finance. It indicates necessityof amendment of the low restricting public debt and practice of realization of debt strategy.It is indispensable to introduce the following rules: – to confine the level of servicing costs below 1%of GDP, – to observe regulations concerning excessive deficit procedure, and next – fiscal pact; non--fulfillment of low cannot be explained by lack of sanctions and cause no consequences; – to improvethe professional level of debt management (theory and practice) – with the use of current methodsof finance engineering and rules of best practice applied in UE countries, – to set up a committee forassessing of quality of debt management.The simulated computations show that reduction of excessive debt will last many years – in optimisticscenario about 5–7 years, in moderate (realistic) – several years. Significant improvement canoccur as a result: increase of rate of growth of GDP and raise of rating of the country.

Zasadność i skuteczność koordynacji polityki proinnowacyjnej w Polsce na przykładzie nowego mechanizmu NCBR „Wspólne Przedsięwzięcie”

Author(s): Leszek Kwieciński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 54/2018

In this article author described a new tool of coordination of the proinnovation policy in Polandwhich is called „Join venture”. This mechanism is managed by National Centre for Research andDevelopment and could be analysed from good governance point of view. The main aim of articleis analysing of the validity of implementation Join venture mechanism, especially in the Polishcircumstances.

Niski poziom innowacyjności gospodarki i stopy wzrostu PKB – hipoteza głównego czynnika wyjaśniającego

Author(s): Jarosław Mielcarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 54/2018

The aim of the work is the justification for the hypothesis that economic activities on a mass scale are equipped with social-subjective regulator, which is pseudo-liberalism and the second hypothesis, that the strategic business activity, carried out by substituted persons is the biggest innovation of pseudo- -liberal capitalism. The work involved the reconstruction of the characteristics of pseudo-liberalism and functional-genetic explanation to solve the problem of the spread and maintenance of strategic business activity, carried out by the substituted persons (firmanctwo) and pseudo-liberalism as a part of social consciousness. It has been shown that combined pseudo-liberalism and strategic business activity, carried out by substituted persons can be regarded as the main factor explaining the low level of innovation performance and of the GDP growth rate in Poland. To improve the situation of the reforms are needed to change the Criminal Code regarding strategic business activity, carried out by substituted persons and transforming weak in the strong “night watchman” state and intervening state, properly fulfilling the allocation, redistributive and stabilization function. This requires carrying out in-depth reform of the judiciary and the institutions that have impact on the economy. The most difficult task will be to transform the social consciousness of replacing the pseudo-liberal social-subjective regulator with the components corresponding to the idea of a strong “night watchman” state and the idea of a strong intervening state. Only then will the market mechanism begin to function properly

Regionalizm w teorii i praktyce

Author(s): Krystyna Leśniak-Moczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 54/2018

The article is devoted to the issue of regionalism in theoretical and practical contexts. The notionsof the region and the ways of its delimitation and regionalism in the historical, ideological and politicalaspects have been defined. The paper presents three perspectives of regionalism, subjective and objectiveapproach to regionalism, four dimensions of the idea of regionalism, classification of the conceptof regionalism, as well as the concept of regionalist attitude. Attention was paid to the aspects of thefunctioning of regionalism in the information society and the areas of using the Internet for the developmentof regional movements. In the empirical part, an example from the original surveys carriedout in the population of Rzeszów was analysed. The choice of this city is connected with the activityof Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Rzeszowa [Friends of Rzeszów Association], as one of the oldest and dynamicallyoperating regional movements in Podkarpacie. The paper presents the results of the researchon the motivation and origin of immigrants to the provincial city, the assessment of the developmentdirections of Rzeszów against the background of other cities and the ranking of new investments.Achievements of the city’s development in the economic, cultural, social and ecological aspects arepresented in a form of a list of awards and laurels won by the city authorities in competitions and rankingson a global, European, national and regional scale.

Polityka Rosji a bezpieczeństwo państw Europy Wschodniej po 1991 roku

Author(s): Andrzej Furier / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The paper Politics of Russia and security of Eastern Europe after 1991 examines the impact of policy on Russia after 1991, the safety of Eastern Europe. The author focused on activities of Russia to Ukraine and the Caucasus at the beginning of the 21st century. In that time is the activation of Western policy in the region. NATO turns out logistical support of the region’s States in the reconstruction and modernization of the armed forces. Russia’s response to the aggressive military action, the effect of which was the war with Georgia in 2008 and annexation of Crimea in 2014. It takes place now hybrid warfare with the Alliance and consolidated at the same countries such as Ukraine. The escalation of the aggressive actions of Russia threatens regional and delay the integration of Eastern European States with the European Union.

Szanghajska Organizacja Współpracy jako element zarządzania regionalnego Federacji Rosyjskiej

Author(s): Aleksandra A. Kozioł / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Since the fall of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Russian Federation has been trying to regain its importance in the global arena. One way of restoration of influence in the world is to build a multipolar order, including the establishment of regional alliances. Shanghai Cooperation Organization is one of such attempts in the region of Central Asia, and even the entire Asian continent. Therefore, drawing attention to the role of Russian Federation in the development of this structure appears to be important, especially when considering the growing significance of Central Asia as a result of the construction of the New Silk Road. Russian authorities, however, do not limit their involvement to the single structure. At the same time they are working on development of other organizations, aimed at building their influence in the world. By such actions Russian Federation is trying to minimize the significance of the People’s Republic of China, European Union and United States of America, especially in the so-called near abroad.

Political Technologies of Russian Energy Diplomacy

Author(s): Nataliia V. Slobodian / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The article focuses on the concept of energy diplomacy. It was proved that the European vector of Russia’s current foreign policy is characterized by an ability to use the energy factor as a tool of power and impact to promote and consolidate the Kremlin’s geopolitical interests in Europe. This article reviewed the political technologies of Russian energy diplomacy in the European space such as uncompromising position during negotiations and predetermined before achieving the results, political exchange, technology of “surprise effect”, barbell strategy, pipeline diplomacy, suppression of competitor and others. The issue of EU–Russian energy conflict communication is in the centre of research. It was analyzed the algorithm of Russia’s actions positioning itself as an energy superpower in building up the socalled system of power relationship on the Eurasian continent. It was presented in the article possible options for European states’ effective countering energy expansionism of Russia.

The Chinese People’s Republic Investment Engagement in Belarus and Ukraine after 2010

Author(s): Patrycja Rutkowska,Marcin Adamczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The purpose of this article is to present and compare China’s economic, political and military involvement in Ukraine and Belarus, with particular emphasis on their role in the global expansion of the PRC. China after the opening of the economy to the world in the early 1980s, immediately became one of the most important elements of the global economy. The article will attempt an analysis of Chinese investments on the Dnieper, but also the political and military aspects of this cooperation

New Azerbaijani Prose in the Context of All Turkish Literature

Author(s): Nurlana Muzaffar Aliyeva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

This article is dedicated to the problems of new Azerbaijani prose. Author analyzed problems of new Azerbaijani prose in the context of all Turkish literature. The features of Azerbaijani literature of XVII–XIX century are investigated through some of factors which touch nationality, religious, modernity. Examples of Azerbaijani writers’ works of art are given in the article. The human conception is more criticized in works of writers.

Figure 4 in Khayyam’s Rubais

Author(s): Rafiq Manaf Novruzov,Gulnar Fikret Novruzova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The article deals with the symbolic meaning of figure 4 in Khayyam’s poetry.

O некоторых особенностях категории утверждения/отрицания в паремиологических единицах

Author(s): Ilʹas Gamidov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

The article deals with the role of affirmative / negative category in the formation of paremiological units. The qualification of this category at the level of architectonics of an ordinary sentence does not coincide with its role in the structure of paremiological units. In paremiological units negation acts as model-making-factor and constituenty of these models. Special negation functions model-making, too this kind of negation functions mainly as articulation in ordinary sentences. Paremiological units exit in general and negative orbits and do not accept double negation. The reason is that semantic structure of negation in paremiological units is of independent constructive character and does not lean on affirmative meaning from opposite side and its paradigms.

Sprawozdanie z III Zimowej Szkoły Metodologicznej, Toruń, 17 marca 2018 roku

Author(s): Michał Dahl / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Sprawozdanie z I Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej „Świat islamu w perspektywie badań arabistycznych i politologicznych”, Toruń, 22–23 marca 2018 roku

Author(s): Tomasz Sińczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Через два моря: сотрудничество ученых-гуманитариев Польши и Kазахстана [рецензия книги Od Chanatu do Republiki. Historyczne i współczesne uwarunkowania państwowości Kazachstanu]1

Author(s): Sergej Skljarov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

Pytania o etykę współczesnego sportu w kontekście olimpijskiej afery dopingowej w Rosji [recenzja filmu Ikar (reż. Bryan Fogel)]

Author(s): Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko,Mateusz Rozmiarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Hamburger Hill – nieoczekiwana bitwa w Dolinie A Shau [recenzja książki Hamburger Hill 1969]

Author(s): Arkadiusz Krawcewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Panorama krzywdzących stereotypów [recenzja książki Azjata jako źródło zagrożenia. Rekonstrukcja wizerunku Indusów i Chińczyków w literaturze brytyjskiej przełomu XIX i XX wieku]

Author(s): Michał Lubina / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Strategia działania w pięciu priorytetowych kierunkach rozwoju kraju w latach 2017–2021

Author(s): Ambasada republiki uzbekistanu w Polsce Ambasada republiki uzbekistanu w Polsce / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018