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Czechoslovakism in Mentalities of Košice’s Inhabitants and Its Implementation in the Public Space of the City in the Interwar Era

Czechoslovakism in Mentalities of Košice’s Inhabitants and Its Implementation in the Public Space of the City in the Interwar Era

Author(s): Ondrej Ficeri / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918 was refused by a large proportion of its inhabitants, mainly from the part of Czechoslovak Germans and Hungarians. Beside them, a certain number of Slovaks rebelled against the state project of Czech and Slovak political elites as well. Some of them preferred to remain in the frame of the historical Hungary because they shared with Hungarians for centuries transmitted cultural patterns and cultural repertoire, the use of which came by implementing the idea of Czechoslovakism to the threat. Rebelling attitudes against Czechoslovak statehood were registered especially in the ethnically heterogeneous regions and cities which were located in the contact zone between the territories with the majority Slovak population on the one side and the minority Hungarian one on the other. Analysing the archival documents, the author of the paper focuses firstly on reactions of indigenous inhabitants of Slovak origin of the city of Košice to the establishment of Czechoslovakia, secondly, on pursuits of the political elites to implement the Czechoslovak state idea in the public space of the city, its successes, failures and tensions between the Czechoslovak and Slovak (autonomous) camps of nationalists. Thirdly, the analysis of the electoral behaviour stands in the spotlight, according to which the majority of local indigenous Slovaks voted the oppositionist parties what indicates that, in the long term, the idea of the Czechoslovak state was refused by these inhabitants. The purpose of the study lies in recognizing differentiated attitudes of the Slovak interwar (mainly urban) society to the Czechoslovak statehood and, hence, in outlining an alternative story to the traditional, in the cultural memory reproduced narrative about the establishment of Czechoslovakia as a “national liberation”.

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Recenzie

Recenzie

Author(s): Peter Szalay / Language(s): Slovak,English Issue: 2/2017

Review of: TEAFORD, JON C. THE 20TH CENTURY AMERICA CITY : PROBLEMS, PROMISE & REALITY. BALTIMORE : JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2014, 226 P. ISBN 978-1-4214-2038-7.

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Kronika

Kronika

Author(s): Ondřej Jirásek,Adam Górka,Mikuláš Jančura,Martin Počátko,Lucia Tokárová / Language(s): Slovak,English Issue: 2/2017

NEPLÁNOVANÉ PLÁNOVANÉ MESTÁ [UNPLANNED PLANNED CITIES] BRATISLAVA 8. NOVEMBER 2017; VÝSKUM KULTÚRNYCH DEJÍN V STREDNEJ EURÓPE [CULTURAL HISTORY IN CENTRAL EUROPE : PRESENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVES] RUŽOMBEROK 7. – 8. SEPTEMBER 2017; VOLNÝ ČAS V DĚJINÁCH [FREE TIME IN THE PAST] OPAVA 26. SEPTEMBER 2017; JUHOSLAVIZMUS VERZUS ČECHOSLOVAKIZMUS: KONFLIKTNÉ DEJINY IDEOLÓGIÍ V STREDNEJ A JUHOVÝCHODNEJ EURÓPE [YUGOSLAVISM VERSUS CZECHOSLOVAKISM: THE HISTORY OF CONFLICTING IDEOLOGIES IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE] KOŠICE 4. OKTÓBER 2017; MEMORY IN URBAN SPACE: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITS OF COMPARATIVE RESEARCH, KOŠICE 24. OKTÓBER 2017; WORKSHOP HISTORICAL TOWN ATLAS OF SLOVAKIA, BRATISLAVA 30. NOVEMBER – 1. DECEMBER 2017;

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Лекционният курс по „потестарно-политическа етнология“ – перспективи и предизвикателства
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Лекционният курс по „потестарно-политическа етнология“ – перспективи и предизвикателства

Author(s): Petya Vasileva-Grueva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The article presents to the audience the structure and thematic scope of the lecture course “Potestas-Political Ethnology”. The course aims to acquaint the students of Ethnology with the emergence, development and the subject of “Political anthropology” subfield discipline. There are distinct three thematic panels, presenting not only the historical and theoretical development of the science, but also attention is paid to the perspectives and the challenges facing both the lecture and the scientific field itself.

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Appointment and Dismissal of Muftis between 1718–1869 in the light of the Ottoman Law-Court Registers (Bulgarian Archives)
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Appointment and Dismissal of Muftis between 1718–1869 in the light of the Ottoman Law-Court Registers (Bulgarian Archives)

Author(s): Recep Çiğdem / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2016

Muftis are the religious and legal experts in the Muslim societies. One of their main functions was to issue legal opinion and thereby influence the decisions of the judges and political authorities. They served as such in the Ottoman Empire. The judges generally concluded the cases in the light of fatwas. In other words, muftis were important figures in the Ottoman religious and legal system. For this reason, it is important to find out their appointment and dismissal procedure to their official posts. This article outlines the historical background and the qualifications of the Muftis. Afterwards, it analyses their appointment and dismissal decrees recorded by the judges in their law court registers which have been preserved at the St. St Cyril and Methodius National library of Bulgaria.

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Gods of the Nations. Religious Figures and Memory in Serbia, Bulgaria and Macedonia prior to 1944). Cologne, Böhlau, 2014, 905 pp.
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Gods of the Nations. Religious Figures and Memory in Serbia, Bulgaria and Macedonia prior to 1944). Cologne, Böhlau, 2014, 905 pp.

Author(s): Wim van Meurs / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2016

Book Review: Stefan Rohdewald. "Götter der Nationen. Religiöse Erinnerungsfiguren in Serbien, Bulgarien und Makedonien bis 1944"

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Стари надгробни паметници от района на Судак, Крим
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Стари надгробни паметници от района на Судак, Крим

Author(s): Leniyara Dzhelilova,Akhtem Dzhelilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The paper presents the authors’ research on gravestones found in villages near Sudak. Most gravestones date back to the second half of 19th and early 20th centuries. Gravestones in the villages near Sudak have their own history. The most ancient one is dated by 1218 a.h./1802–1803 c.e., and the most recent one – by 1362 a.h./1943 c.e. The gravestones found in Khoz, Tokhlukh and Tarakhtash can be classified in three groups:1. Ancient gravestones;2. Fragments (remnants) of ancient gravestones; 3. Top parts of the ancient gravestones – fez, dal fez [turban], sarykh, fragments of an astrakhan cap.Crimean Tatar gravestones found in these three villages were made in pillar on in slabstone form. The face plate contains inscriptions, called epitaphs (from Greek έπιτάφιος – “specific of gravestone”). The other sides of gravestones contain engravings (decorations and drawings): the Islamic symbol of a star and crescent, Koran, ewer and plants, including fig-tree, six-petal flowers, etc.The tradition of Crimean Tatar gravestones, found in Khoz, Tokhlukh and Tarakhtash villages near Sudak, originated from Ottoman Turkey. There is also some similarity between the gravestones in Sudak and the thombstones from the Roman period on the territory of contemporary Turkey.

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Българското възраждане – митове, постижения и уроци
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Българското възраждане – митове, постижения и уроци

Author(s): Pencho D. Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The article tries to unveil some of the myths of the Bulgarian Revival period and on this basis to point out its true achievements. The most important accomplishment, according to the author, is the ability of the Bulgarians to organize themselves without being guided by some central government.

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Local Communities and the Social Involvement of the Ethnographic Museums
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Local Communities and the Social Involvement of the Ethnographic Museums

Author(s): Nikolay Nenov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This text describes and problematizes examples of Bulgarian and foreign museums focusing on mechanisms of social involvement. Examples are united by an anthropological discourse which gives Bulgarian ethnographic museums an opportunity to expand the thematic issues of their exhibits and activities. Alternative ways to develop and use the museum as an instrument for social criticism are part of the quest of today’s ethnographic museums. At the same time, the author makes his bias towards the Ecomuseum format clear in the search for an ethnographic reading, showing that the establishment of these museums creates a connection between local communities and the museum, which makes it possible to share local identity with various audiences.

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National Character and Folklore in the Distorting Mirror 
of Bulgarian Animated Cinema
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National Character and Folklore in the Distorting Mirror of Bulgarian Animated Cinema

Author(s): Nadezhda Marinchevska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The article examines various interpretations of folklore elements in Bulgarian animatedcinema as well as authors’ personal generalizations about main features of theBulgarian national character and ethos in the period from the late 1940s to these days.In the 1960s, the process, which has begun in the framework of ideological censorship,Bulgarian folklore tradition included, quickly transformed into satirical film model aiming its criticism at the Bulgarian national character. This model was based on the unconventional visual representation of folklore through the modern graphics and caricature, through the grotesque and decorative drawing. The next stage of the transformation of mythological and legendary subjects in the 1980s was related to radical neo-vanguard practices in Bulgarian animated cinema, which compared Bulgarian tradition to foreign cultures and ideas on a global scale and in a wide range– from the direct parallels in art to the psychoanalytical interpretations visualized insurrealistic stylistics.After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, all aspects of Bulgarian culture experienced a crisis – institutional, financial, and artistic. One could expect that the abolishment of ideological sanctions would push artists to openly revive topics that were forbidden until then, to interpret plots from folklore that had been unacceptable until that moment, or at least would prompt a new understanding of the meaning of the national character, broadening the worldview from the 1980s. Unfortunately, nothing of the sort occurred.

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Bulgarian Mosaic
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Bulgarian Mosaic

Author(s): Rossitza Guentcheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The article is dedicated to the travel notes on Bulgaria, Down the Donkey’s Path.Bulgarian Mosaic, written in 1978 in East Germany by the East German writer Kurt Bizalski and republished in 2001 in united Germany without any changes, explanations or supplements. Bizalski based the book on his experience in Bulgaria in 1977 when he paid an official visit at the invitation of the Union of the Bulgarian Writers.However, the Embassy of People’s Republic of Bulgaria in Berlin criticizes the travel notes, stigmatizes the author and recommends not to translate the book into Bulgarian.The Committee for State Security accuses the work in distorting the socialist reality and prevents its distribution in Bulgaria. This article presents Down the Donkey’s Path as a mobile book – restricted but not everywhere, prohibited but not completely,occupying the extra-national art space extended across the political borders within the socialist bloc from the 1970s and the 1980s. Analysing the author of travel notes as an anthropologist, Bulgaria as a field of research and the Bulgarian readers as a local critical public allows us to look at the problem of the relation between anthropology, literature and political censorship from another angle.

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Amateur Football – Identity and Memory
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Amateur Football – Identity and Memory

Author(s): Iva Kyurkchieva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This paper analyses the role of a village near Sofia’s football tournament and the football museum established in that same village as specific times and places of memory.The author’s interest is provoked by the fact that football occupies a significant part of the living world of the bearers of that culture; it touches them emotionally and their experiences related to it are extremely important to them. Football gives meaning to their workdays and holidays and at the same time, it becomes a kind of regulator of neighbourly and village relations. It also contributes to the adaptation of young people into modern society. The football occupations of the local people seriously influence their social life. By means of football, they provide themselves with the components of their local identity construction, which increase communal confidence and differentiate them from others.

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Gypsies in Ottoman Empire according to the 16th–17th Centuries Bursa and Balıkesir Shari’a Court Records
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Gypsies in Ottoman Empire according to the 16th–17th Centuries Bursa and Balıkesir Shari’a Court Records

Author(s): Ömer Düzbakar / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2016

Various ethnical groups such as Armenians, Greeks, Jews and Assyrians who lived within the borders of the Ottoman Empire have been subjects to several researches. Unfortunately, the available researches done about the ethnical group called Gypsies are so few that they cannot even be compared to the researches available for other ethnical groups. The expression “Half Nation”, which is frequently used to identify the Gypsies who had been casted away from the society because of their life styles, is maybe the most important expression used to describe gypsies’ position in the society. This study, which is based on the 16th–17th centuries Bursa and Balıkesir Shari’a Court Records, aims to put forward the position of the Gypsies in the Ottoman society and the empire’s attitude towards the gypsies. I owe my thanks to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdulmecit MUTAF who helped me have access to Balıkesir Shari’a Court Records and to İsmail TORACI who shaped my research with his precious opinions.

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Bulgarian Educational Policy towards Minorities and the Muslim Students in Al Azhar in the 1930s
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Bulgarian Educational Policy towards Minorities and the Muslim Students in Al Azhar in the 1930s

Author(s): Dimitar Gyudurov / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2016

Bulgaria’s educational policy towards the Muslim minority was determined by international and bilateral treaties, state legislation, economic and social processes in Bulgarian society and was influenced by the foreign policy goals of the state. From a spiritual point of view, the main educational center of the Muslim community in Bulgaria was created after the end of the First World War. The Quranic School in Shumen “Madrasa-t-yun-Nyuvvab” was the only one of its kind in the Balkans. In the 1930s his graduates were the first Bulgarian citizens sent to attend the Egyptian Al-Azhar Spiritual Academy.

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Концептът дом в украинския прозаичен фолклор от първата половина на ХХ век: семантика на „загубата“
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Концептът дом в украинския прозаичен фолклор от първата половина на ХХ век: семантика на „загубата“

Author(s): Oksana Kuzmenko / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The author analyses symbolic spatial images typical for the Ukrainian folklore narratives about World War I (1914−1918), famine (1932−1933), forced deportations (1946–1947). Thus she investigates the images of landscape (forest, mountain). Special attention is paid to the objects of the closed inner space which forms the concept of home with the help of its congenial attributive characteristics (burnt empty house, evacuated burnt village, destroyed church, dug out grave). The indicated loci, on the background of the universal mythological oppositions “own” – “alien”, “here” – “there”, “old” – “new”, build up a generalized image of the character’s destroyed vital microcosm and places of his/her annihilated freedoms.

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Тритомно издание за фолклора на българите в Албания
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Тритомно издание за фолклора на българите в Албания

Author(s): Natalia Rashkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Book Review

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Ружа Нейкова. Калашите – последният залез в Хиндукуш. София: Фосфорус, 2017
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Ружа Нейкова. Калашите – последният залез в Хиндукуш. София: Фосфорус, 2017

Author(s): Anna Shtarbanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Book Review

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Национална научна конференция „Традицията в народната култура“

Национална научна конференция „Традицията в народната култура“

Author(s): Bilyana Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Events

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Археологически резервати и археологически музеи in situ в България. Поява и историческо развитие
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Археологически резервати и археологически музеи in situ в България. Поява и историческо развитие

Author(s): Daniel Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

The interest in preserving the immovable heritage in Bulgaria emerges during the Revival period after starting searching and describing archaeological monuments. Moreover, in 1857 a collection of archaeological finds from Pliska and Preslav is established in city of Shoumen. During the next years, various archaeological collections are established. This stays as a prerequisite for creation of archaeological societies in Bulgaria. The first one appears in 1879 in city of Veliko Tarnovo, and during the following years such occure in some other cities in Bulgaria. These societies stay as the basis of preserving the archaeological remains and hence of creating archaeological reserves and museums.

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The Indo-European Voice of Barbarians

The Indo-European Voice of Barbarians

Author(s): Lucian Vasile Bâgiu,Paraschiva Bâgiu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2018

In our essay we shall focus on the analyses (cum grano salis) of a limited number of words from the introductory pages of the novel Barbarians (such as gorgan, grui, crap, fală, sfadă, etc.). Here, more than elsewhere the author makes use of a good amount of rather strange words in his stylistic attempt to conceive the realm of the Dacians. We shall make an analysis of the etymology of these rather uncommon words as designated in Vinereanu's Etymological Dictionary of Romanian Language (2008) (unlike the traditional Romanian dictionaries, a different vision). From the (probable) linguistic discrepancies and stylistic preferences, findings will be drawn and novelties will be suggested, concerned with Romanian language and culture.

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