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This article aims to present Ivan Todorov Puliev (Goran)’s personality and especially his mercantile activities. The problem of his relations with Evlogi Georgiev and his brother Nicholas T. Puliev is also concerned. The analyzed sources concerning the activities of Ivan T. Puliev give me reason to conclude that he is а contradictory and interesting person that left visible trace in the history of the Bulgarian National Revival.
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The article presents the activity of the so-called Bulgarian group in Moscow, founded by some Bulgarian students in the end of 50’s of XIX century. On the basis of available documents and biographical information about the Bulgarian students in Moscow are clarified the names of the persons-organizers of this group. According to the conducted analysis of the program, created by the group, on the basis of its activity and the thematically differentiating of the problems, placed in journal “Bratski trud”, published by the participants, two facts are conclude: 1) there is accordance between targets in the program and their implementation; 2) participants develop successful propaganda campaign in Russia.
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The article presents Industry Museum in Gabrovo as an example for innovations in contemporary museum space and museum conceptions. The historical perspective in town development is presented through the focus of industry. The author searches for wider conclusions about society development during different periods in the XX century. A new way for forming historical point of view was presented. The author stays on the conception that the contemporary museum must be cultural institution which creates cultural tendencies and cultural policies.
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An Overview of the History of the Ottoman Empire from the End of the 16th and the First Half of the 17th Century
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At the beginning of the 11th century, in the aftermath of the long rule of the Macedonian dynasty (867 – 1056), the Byzantine Empire was going through a political, cultural and economic upsurge. After winning victories over Bulgarians, Arabs, Georgians and Armenians the Empire extended its borders by consolidating many of its former territories. At that time city life in the Byzantine Empire was making headway at a scale unknown since late Antiquity. A century later some Norman adventurers, on pilgrimage to Monte Sant’ Angelo – Gargano, lent their swords in 1017 to the Lombard cities of Apulia against the Byzantines. From 1016 to 1030 the Normans were pure mercenaries, serving either Byzantine or Lombard. In the second half of 11th century their leaders joined in the organized attempt to wrest Apulia from the Byzantines, who had lost most of that province by 1040. Bari was captured by the Normans in April 1071, and Byzantine authority was finally terminated in Italy, five centuries after the conquest of Justinian I.
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The purpose of the current study is to examine Maurice’ Strategikon – its genre specifics and the way they affect the nature of the information regarding the state and social evolution of the various barbarous people scattered through the Eurasian Barbaricum. We will focus mainly on the differences and similarities in the images of the nomads – Turks and Avars, and the sedentary Sclavs, living both on the border regions of the Roman Empire. We shall distinguish the sustainable antique topoi form those specific and objective characteristics – resulting from the development of the Roman-Barbarian relations from the late fifth century, which formed the image of the other in the minds of the Romans through the Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.
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This study aims to trace in detail the development of demographic and religious processes in the settlements along the river Vacha during the last quarter of the 15th century – 16th century using data from Ottoman registers.
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For many centuries, the Volga Bulgarians maintained close economic, cultural and religious ties with Muslim countries and especially with the peoples of Central Asia. Traditionally, relations between them were good and clashes were rare. But after the Battle of the Kalka River (1223), Mongolians turned against Volga Bulgaria. The first attack was repulsed, but after a long fight, Volga Bulgaria was conquered in 1236 by the Mongols and ceased to exist as an independent state.
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Before the banking system reached its modern form it has come a long way of development and has changed a lot. One of the first forms of lending money in our lands is usury. This article aims to trace usury, defined as unorganized credit where individuals give loans against interest. Usury is rooted in a period long before The Liberation of Bulgaria. An important characteristic of usury is that the activity of moneylenders is not regulated by the law or by traditions and in that sense is perceived by society as bad, unnatural and immoral. Although it has more primitive form and organization, usury also has many similarities to the contemporary banks. The most common feature of both types of activities is that their main goal is making a profit.
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L’édification de l’église de Sainte Parascève à Rășinari et l’achèvement de sa décoration (peintures murales, icônes et autres dotations pour la célébration du service divin) ont représenté un processus long et labo-rieux (1752-1798). Ce dernier a constamment été soutenu par des prêtres et des croyants, sous la présidence de plu-sieurs évêques, de Petru Pavel Aron à Dionisie Novacovici, en passant par Sofronie Chirilovici, Ghedeon Nichi-tici et Gherasim Adamovici. La prospérité économique des habitants de Rășinari a fait que la décoration de l’édificesoit accomplie par de très bons artisans de l’époque – peintres locaux ou originaires des villages voisins, artistes originaires des pays extracarpathiques, aussi bien que d’Europe occidentale. Les recherches entreprises il y a neuf décennies par I. D. Ştefănescu et Ş. Meteş ont été complétées et approfondies par d’autres historiens de l’art roumain ancien, et elles soulignent la précieuse contribution de tous ces maîtres. De son côté, la présente étude contribue à établir la paternité de certaines oeuvres qui, par leur caractère original, ennoblissent le lieu de culte de Rășinari; et propose une chronologie interne des étapes de l’élaboration artistique de ce monument exceptionnel.
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The article highlights the activity of the commercial companies of the Securitate and the way in which the process of stealing the economic gains of the Romanian national economy started and also was ended. After December 22, 1989 and the formal termination of the Securitate, the huge amounts of money in the accounts of the Securitate remained in the accounts of the Securitate-officers who were credit directors and coordinated the account numbers, passwords and access codes. There was no Communist Party control of these amounts and they were only partially reported to the political leadership of the country. These amounts have disappeared entirely. They far exceeded the amount of Romania's external debt and were accumulated in the period when the people were afflicted by the economic crisis, artificially induced by those who were preparing to trigger the popular uprising behind which the state coup meant to remove Ceaușescu from power was covered. Removing Ceaușescu from power was ment to regain the political and military control over Romania by the USSR and the take-over by the Western economies of the Romanian place on the world market and the sources of raw materials in Romania.
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This article will study the biographical case of Dorina Simpson, nee Nenchova Ilieva, the particular case of one woman’s persistence, struggle and quest for justice within two very different societies in transition: the fast-communizing post-bourgeois Bulgaria between 1944–48, and the transforming colonial Mauritius of 1950–60, and postcolonial of the 1970s. It focusses on the very dark legacy of the Soviet revolutionary experience – the communist terror, in a way that continues the productive dialogue with Neelke Doorn’s research in the role played by forgiveness, reconciliation and empowerment in transitional justice. It shows how and why forgiveness and reconciliation of Dorina Simpson’s painful past (that of the “communist terror”) occurred within her lifetime, and thereby stresses what else helped her to overcome her social trauma (the broken, emotional relationship with her Bulgarian past and its surrounding world, as a survivor of the ensuing effects of the communist terror).By acknowledging the historicity of one woman’s empowerment and analysing the diverse and complex resources of her distinct woman’s economy – of “enjoying the possibility of risk taking, and a kind of openness” (Cixous/Mitchell), this study will support Tzvetan Todorov’s statement that the “attitude to be a rescuer is not inherent in concrete national tradition or social milieu, but is a question of personal choice”. So, how and why did Dorina Simpson make such choices, extending a helping hand to the excluded others, often in crisis situations, putting at risk her present and future? By searching for some answers, this text deals with Dorina Simpson’s particular legacy, namely – her distinct charity work in colonial and postcolonial Mauritius, and her autobiographical writings, Where Do You Come From?, both transgressing norms and rules to unveil the politics that tend to corrupt.By enhancing the concept of woman’s economy, within the capitalist economy of gift exchange relationships, it emphasizes the role of women’s cultural intermediation between the fields of political and social powers, and this role is a story of woman’s empowerment within unjust transitional societies. So this study shows why social productiveness of her female persistence, struggle and quest for justice ended in involving “both justice, as acknowledgement of wrongs and absence of structural inequalities” (Honneth/Doorn) for the helpless, one woman obtained another ‘profit in return’, the affective one – she dealt with her historical trauma.This study is based on Dorina Simpson’s private archive and documents in national archives (Bulgarian, British, and Italian) and international organizations (the World Health Organization and World Federation of Mental Health, ICRC), to which I was led by discovering the specific loci of her social exclusion and prestigious recognition. And it is conceptualized within a microhistory paradigm, sharpening the scholar’s attention to the uniqueness of human experience and hence to the fears, premonitions, dreams and yearnings of the separate being; so that its approaches remain very sensitive to how individuals experience historical events by contesting the paradigms of norm and power.
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