OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NDE FAİZ ve TEFECİLİĞE KARŞI ZİRÂÎ KREDİ TEŞKİLATLARI

Author(s): Ferhat Güngör / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2016

Until the second half of the 19th century, no state established agricultural credit organizations existed in the Ottoman Empire to serve the credit needs of farmers. Farmers, in turn, took out high interest rate loans from loan sharks and moneylenders. When farmers were unable pay their loans, they were thrown into an inextricable situation of interest being added onto the interest of the debt. Midhat Pasha, during his governorship of Nis, established “Memleket Sandıkları” (Country Funds) on November 20th 1863, the first agricultural credit organization in Şehirköy-Pirot, in order to rescue farmers from the grip of loan sharks and moneylenders as well as strengthen ties with Ottoman subjects. Over time, establishments with the same objectives, such as “Ziraat Sandıkları” (Agriculture Funds) and “Menâfi Sandıkları” (Benefit Funds) appeared, followed by the 1888 establishment of the modern organization “Ziraat Bankası” (The Agricultural Bank), which has maintained its presence. This paper explores in depth the historical development of the concept of loans as well as interesting events pertaining to the farmer exploiting moneylenders and loan sharks in the Ottoman State who were against the implementation of credit organizations.

DENİZCİLİKTE TÜRK YÖNETİM TARİHİ

Author(s): Polat Yücekaya / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 32/2016

In this study, the naval history of Turkish nation has been examined. Especially the periods when the navy failed are examinated. Firstly,the reasons of failure were determined in order to have a strong navy in history. During this study, Review of Published books and magazines about the subject in the light of literature. Make Suggestions for future about historical events and their consequences.

“MADEN” FİLMİNİN MARKSİST ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ

Author(s): Birgül Alici / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 32/2016

Looking at socioeconomic changes from a perspective of a certain historical necessity, Marx focuses on the position, interests and struggle of the working class in the most capitalist and democratic societies within Marxism. In the study, a Yavuz Ozkan film "Maden" which explains the basic concepts of Marxism and the struggle of the working class, which Marx attaches great importance to, has been tried to be analyzed. The film, in which the soul of Marxism and its basic elements are studied on workers in a social realistic norm, is the result of a successful Marxist approach reflecting Yavuz Özkan's era.

AZƏRBAYCANDA REGİONAL İNKİŞAF PROBLEMLƏRİ VƏ REGİONAL SİYASƏT

Author(s): Xatirə Hüseynova / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 6/2010

This article analyzes the problems of regional development in Azerbaijan and detailed information about the regional policy of Azerbaijan in various economic areas. Shown for solutions to the problem of regional development at the present stage should take into account the systemic and complex target complex programs and their development.

OSMANLI TÜRKİYE’SİNİN GENCE – KARABAĞ EYALETİNDE VERGİ POLİTİKASI(1725 – 1735)

Author(s): Hatice Abbasli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2009

18.yüzyılın başlarında Safeviler Devletinin çöküşünden yararlanan Osmanlı Türkiye’si ve Çar Rusya’sı önemli ekonomik ve strateji önem taşıyan Azerbaycan topraklarını paylaştırmak uğruna mücadele başladılar. Bu mücadele 1724 yılında İstanbul Barış Antlaşmasının bağlanmasıyla sonuçlandı. Barışın koşullarınca Osmanlı Türkiye’si Azerbaycan’ın ve İran’ın Hazar kıyısındaki vilayetlerinin Rusya tarafından işgalini tanıdı. Rusya’ysa Azerbaycan’ın geriye kalan topraklarının Osmanlı Türkiye’si tarafından işgalini engellemeyeceğiyle yükümlendi. Osmanlı Türkiye’si 1724-1725 yıllarında yaptığı askeri operasyonlar sonucu Azerbaycan’ın topraklarının büyük bir kısmını işgal etti. İşgal edilmiş topraklar sırasında Gence – Karabağ Beylerbeyliği de vardı .

Razvoj i izgradnja Bjelovara u kartografskim izvorima: od vojne utvrde do slobodnoga i kraljevskog grada

Author(s): Mirela Slukan Altić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2007

Thanks to its distinguished place in Croatian history, the town of Bjelovar has been the subject of many cartographic outlines during the 250 years of its existence, which faithfully witnesses its historical continuity and strong cultural identity. Bjelovar was mentioned in cartographic sources for the first time in 1639, 117 years before its founding. Since then, based on many cartographic sources, we can follow its development from a military fort to a free royal city or, in other words, until nowadays, when Bjelovar is an administrative, economy and cultural centre of the Bjelovar-Bilogora County. Because of its exceptional historical role as the headquarters of Varaždin military border, being the County seat, we can follow Bjelovar in detail from the first years of its existence until today. The above mentioned sources enable us to see the outlook and structure of the town, its construction and expansion, the rising of its economy, infrastructural problem solving, and its connection with the surroundings and every day life of its citizens. Because of all that is mentioned above, the cartographic outlines of Bjelovar are an unavoidable historical source, which testifies on its development and rich cultural heritage, which needs to be preserved for future generations as an important piece of common heritage. From these you can clearly see what is the cultural and historical identity of this city, which should be a starting point for conservation protection and future development plans. A scientific analysis of the mentioned cartographic resources confirms that Bjelovar has already been a part of European history and cultural heritage for a long time. This paper is the author’s attempt to collect all the cartographic resources for the history of Bjelovar and, by their scientific analyses, contribute to new findings on the historical development of Bjelovar and historical-geographic conditions of its development.

Protidraginjske akcije v Sloveniji leta 1940

Author(s): Alenka Nedog / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/1974

Towards the end of 1939 Yugoslavia was forced to adopt war economy. This situation caused a fast increase of unemployment and a higher cost of living. The Yugoslav Communist Party, too, joined in the struggle to improve the standard of living; it considered this struggle as an essential part of the general labour movement Due to this fact there not only appeared a tendency towards the unity of the working population irrespective of the party affiliation, the leadership of the communists in the struggle of the entire workers' class was being strengthened as well.

ПРИКАЗИ

Author(s): Bojan B. Dimitrijević,Ljubomir Petrović,Ranka Gašić,Ivana Dobrivojević Tomić,Dragan Cvetković,Kosta Nikolić,Goran Latinović,Bojana Dujkovic-Blagojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2003

Reviews of: 1. Горан Давидовић, Милош Тимотијевић, 3АТАМЊЕНА ПРОШЛОСГ. ИСТОРИЈА РАВНОШРАЦА ЧАЧАНСКОГ КРАЈА 1941-1945. Издање локалних музеја Чачак-Горњи Милановац-Кралево, 2002, сtр. 415 Review by: Bojan B. Dimitrijević 2. Едвард Халет Кар, ШТА ЈЕ ИСТОРИЈА, Уметничко друштво Градац, Чачак - Београд 2002, стр. 112. Review by: Ljubomir Petrović 3. Весна Алексић, БАНКА И МОЋ. СОЦИЈАЛНО - ФИНАНСИЈСКА СТОРИЈА ОПШТЕГ ЈУГОСЛОВЕИСКОГ БАНКАРСКОГ ДРУШТВА А. Д 1928-1945, Сгубови културе, Београд 2002. Review by: Ranka Gašić 4. Љубодраг Димић, Никола Жутић, Благоје Исаиловић, ЗАПИСНИЦИ СА СЕДНИЦА МИНИСТАРСКОГ САВЕТА 1929-1931, Архив Југославије, Службени лист, Београд 2002, str. 411 Review by: Ivana Dobrivojević 5. Milan Bulajić, JASENOVAC - JEWISH SERBIAN HOLOCAUST (THE ROLE OF THE VATICAN) IN NAZI-USTASHA CROATIA (1941-1945, Фонд за истраживање геноцида и „Стручна књига”, Београд 2002, стр. 655 Review by: Dragan Cvetković 6. Коста Николић, САВРЕМЕНИЦИ О ГЕНЕРАЛУ МИХАИЛОВИЋУ, Бонарт, Нова Пазова 2002, стр. 277 Review by: Dragan Cvetković 7. Момчило Павловић, Божица Младеновић, КОСТА МИЛОВАНОВИЋ ПЕЋАНАЦ. БИОГРАФИЈА Институт за савремену историју, Београд 2003, сгр. 362 Review by: Kosta Nikolić 8. Вељко Ђурић Мишина, СРПСКА ПРАВОСЛАВНА ЦРКВА У НЕЗАВИСНОЈ ДРЖАВИ ХРВАТСКОЈ 1941 1945, DIJAM-M-pres, Ветерник 2002,. стр. 192 (+100 стр. прилога) Review by: Goran Latinović 9. Џон М. Робертс, ЕВРОПА 1880- 1945, Клио, Београд 2002, стр. 706 Review by: Bojana Dujkovic-Blagojević

PRIKAZI

Author(s): Đoko Tripković,Marko Bulatović,Milan Vesović,Ivan M. Becić,Sofija Božić,Nataša Milićević,Čedomir Antić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2000

Reviews of: 1. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMUNIST REGIME IN EASTERN EUROPE, 1944-1949. (Uspostavljanje komunističkih režima u Istočnoj Evropi), Westview Press, Colorado - Oxford, 1977, str. 319. Review by: Đoko Tripković 2. Branimir Anzulović. Heavenly Serbia: From Myth to Genocide, New York: New York University Press, 1999, str. 293. Review by: Marko Bulatović 3. Bojan Dimitrijević - Kosta Nikolić, ĐENERAL MIHAILOVIĆ - Biografija, Srpska Reč, Beograd, 2000, str. 504. Review by: Milan Vesović 4. Boris Kršev, BANKARSTVO U DUNAVSKOJ BANOVINI, Prometej, Novi sad 1988, str. 305 Review by: Ivan M. Becić 5. Rade Ležaić, SJEĆANJA I USPOMENE NARODNOG UČITELJA IZ KNINSKE KRAJINE, porodica autora, Beograd 1999, str. 227 Review by: Sofija Božić 6. JUGOSLOVENSKA DRŽAVA 1918 - 1998, Zbornik radova sa naučnog skupa, Institut za savremenu istoriju, Beograd 1999, str. 902 Review by: Ivan M. Becić 7. Nikola Ilić, ZEMUNSKA GORNJA VAROŠ, Mostart, Zemun 2000, str. 291 Review by: Nataša Milićević 8. PERO I POVEST, Srpsko društvo u sećanjima, Zbornik radova, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd 1999, str. 244. Review by: Čedomir Antić

PRIKAZI

Author(s): Ljubodrag D. Dimić,Bojan B. Dimitrijević,Vujadin Milanović,Ivan S. Hofman,Miroljub Vasić,Ranka Gašić,Slavoljub Cvetković,Predrag J. Marković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1997

Reviews of: 1. Dr Nikola Žutić, RIMOKATOLIČKA CRKVA I HRVATSTVO, OD ILIRSKE IDEJE DO VELIKOHRVATSKE REALIZACIJE 1453-1941, Institut za savremenu istoriju, Beograd 1977, str. 335. Review by: Ljubodrag Dimić 2. THE SERBS AND THEIR LEADERS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY (SRBI I NJIHOVE VOĐE U DVADESETOM VEKU), edited by Peter Radan and Aleksandar Pavković, Ashgate, Aldershot-Brookfield USA-Singapore-Sydney 1997, str. 260. Review by: Bojan B. Dimitrijević 3. NEPOZNATA STRANA KNJIGA О SRBIMA Meri E. Daram, KROZ SRPSKE ZEMLJE (1900-1903), Srpska Evropa, Beograd 1997, str. 338. Review by: Vujadin Milanović 4. Mr Nebojša Popović, JEVREJI U SRBIJI 1918-1941, Institut za savremenu istoriju, Beograd 1997, str. 231. Review by: Ivan S. Hofman 5. Dr Smiljana Đurović, S TESLOM U NOVI VEK, NOVA SINTEZA ISTORIJE, Izabrani članci iz ekonomske istorije Srbije i Jugoslavije 1918-1941, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Biblioteka grada Beograda, Istorijski arhiv Beograda, Beograd 1997, str. 307. Review by: Miroljub Vasić 6. Dr Momčilo Pavlović, Mira Ninošević, Veroljub Trajković, IZBORNE BORBE U LESKOVAČKOM KRAJU 1919 - 1939. Knjiga prva (1919-1929), Narodni muzej, Leskovac 1997, str. 344. Review by: Ranka Gašić 7. Božin Jovanović, PRIVREDA TIMOČKE KRAJINE 1940-1990, Javno preduzeće štampa, radio i film, Bor, 1995, str. 400. Review by: Slavoljub Cvetković 8. POLITICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL CONFRONTATIONS IN TWENTIETH - CENTURY EUROPE: Essays in Honor of Milorad Drašković, priredili - Robert Conquest i Dušan J. Đorđević 1996 New York. str. 290. Review by: Predrag J. Marković 9. Dr Đuro Kovačević, IZGUBLJENA ISTORIJA, Ogledi i razmišljanja о jugoslovenskoj krizi 1988-1995, Akademija nova i Institut za evropske studije, Beograd 1996, str. 299. Review by: Miroljub Vasić

Връзката между титлите на висши сановници в Българското царство и Дунавските княжества

Author(s): Tervel Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

The article aims to compare the titles of some dignitaries in the Bulgarian kingdom and the corresponding titles of the dignitaries in Wallachia and Moldova. The cited sources are mostly Wallachian and Moldovan documents from XIV–XV century, when the Byzantine-Bulgarian influence on the state regulations of the Danubian principalities is strongest.

80 години Исторически музей – Самоков

Author(s): Albena Simova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

PRIKAZI

Author(s): Ubavka Ostojić-Fejić,Milica Bodrožić,Zdravko Antonić,Milan Koljanin,Trivo Inđić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1987

Reviews of: 1. Ljubomir Antić, NAŠE ISELJENIŠTVO U JUŽNOJ AMERICI I STVARANJE JUGOSLOVENSKE DRŽAVE 1918, Školska knjiga, Zagreb 1987. Review by: Ubavka Ostojić-Fejić 2. Vuk Vinaver, SVETSKA EKONOMSKA KRIZA U PODUNAVLJU I NEMAČKI PRODOR 1929 - 1934, Inistitut za savremenu istoriju, Beograd, 1987, str. 299. Review by: Milica Bodrožić 3. Dušan Lukač, TREĆI RAJH I ZEMLJE JUGOISTOČNE EVROPE, prvi dio 1933 - 1935, strana 434; drugi dio 1937 - 1941, strana 503 i treći dio 1941 - 1945, strana 870. Izdavači: Vojnoizdavački i novinski centar Beograd i Balkanološki institut Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti, Beograd 1982. i 1987. Review by: Zdravko Antonić 4. Enver Redžić, MUSLIMANSKO AUTONOMAŠTVO I 13. SS DIVIZIJA. AUTONOMIJA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE I HITLEROV TREĆI RAJH, „Svjetlost” , Sarajevo, 1987, str. 240. Review by: Milan Koljanin 5. Voren Sasman, KULTURA KAO ISTORIJA, Rad, Beograd 1987, str. 484. Review by: Trivo Inđić

Самоковската фамилия Коцеви. Един непубликуван архив

Author(s): Silvio Tomov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 18/2019

The text describes the history of a family from Samokov named Kotsevi from the XVIII century to the present day. It`s based on a unpublished archive, containing: memories written by Asen Kotsev, a family tree (incomplete) and four pictures. During his work, the author has found more data, which is mentioned in the text. It all begins with the figure of captain Nikola Altsek. There was migration from Albania to the village of Popovyane and then to the town of Samokov. In addition to the history of the family, the text also describes the connections of the family with other families, the occasions of individual members of the family and their houses and private property. Kotsevi were repressed by the Communist regime in Bulgaria (1944–1989). Some, like Kostadin Kotsev were killed. Sotir Kotsev got all his property confiscated by the communist state. Some of these researches are part of a book written by the author, which was published in November 2018.The text describes the history of a family from Samokov named Kotsevi from the XVIII century to the present day. It`s based on a unpublished archive, containing: memories written by Asen Kotsev, a family tree (incomplete) and four pictures. During his work, the author has found more data, which is mentioned in the text. It all begins with the figure of captain Nikola Altsek. There was migration from Albania to the village of Popovyane and then to the town of Samokov. In addition to the history of the family, the text also describes the connections of the family with other families, the occasions of individual members of the family and their houses and private property. Kotsevi were repressed by the Communist regime in Bulgaria (1944–1989). Some, like Kostadin Kotsev were killed. Sotir Kotsev got all his property confiscated by the communist state. Some of these researches are part of a book written by the author, which was published in November 2018.

PRIKAZI

Author(s): Dubravka Stajić,Zoran Lakić,Milorad P. Radusinović,Dušan Berić,Đoko Tripković,Milica Bodrožić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/1985

Reviews of: 1. Marjan Britovšek, STALINOV TERMIDOR, Cankarjeva založba, Ljubljana. 1984. 545 str. Review by: Dubravka Stajić; 2. KULTURA I NAUKA U NOR-U I REVOLUCIJI, Skoplje 1984. Review by: Zoran Lakić; 3. Dragovan Šepić, VLADA IVANA ŠUBAŠlĆA, „Globus”, Zagreb 1983, 424 str. Review by: Milorad P. Radusinović; 4. И. Н. Земсков, ДИПЛОМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ ВТОРОГО ФРОНТА В ЕВРОПЕ, Политиздат, Москва 1982, 320 стр. Review by: Milorad P. Radusinović; 5. Nikola L. Gaćeša, AGRARNA REFORMA I KOLONIZACIJA U JUGOSLAVIJI 1945-1948, Matica srpska. Novi Sad 1984, 403 str. Review by: Dušan Вerić; 6. DOKUMENTI О SPOLJNOJ POLITICI SFRJ 1946, I. Priredio Đorđe Vasiljević, „Jugoslovenski pregled”, Beograd 1985. 454 str. Review by: Đoko Tripković; 7. POVIJESNI PRILOZI, Zbornik radova IHRPH, Zagreb, br. 1, 1982, 308; br. 2, 1983, 286; broj 3. 1984, 290. Review by: Milica Bodrožić

PRIKAZI

Author(s): Nenad Urić,Miroljub Vasić,Milan Koljanin,Milorad P. Radusinović,Sonja Božanović,Dubravka Stajić,Vladislav Marjanović,Dragica Mugoša / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1+2/1984

Reviews of: 1. Naučni skup: KOLUBARSKA BITKA, Review by: Nenad Urić; 2. BEOGRADSKI UNIVERZITET U PREDRATNOM PERIODU, OSLOBODILAČKOM RATU I REVOLUCIJI (Saopštenja i prilozi sa simpozijuma održanog u Beogradu 14-15. decembra 1982. godine), Beograd 1983, 507., Review by: Miroljub Vasić; 3. Nikola Anić, Sekula Joksimović, Mirko Gutić, NARODNOOSLOBODILAČKA VOJSKA JUGOSLAVIJE. PREGLED RAZVOJA ORUŽANIH SNAGA NARODNOOSLOBODILAČKOG POKRETA 1941 - 1945, Vojnoistorijski institut, Beograd, 1982, str. 996., Review by: Milan Koljanin; 4. Ćiril Petešić, KATOLIČKO SVEĆENSTVO U NOB, Zagreb 1982, 276 str., Review by: Milorad Radusinović; 5. Miroslav Milovanović, NEMAČKI KONCENTRACIONI LOGOR NA CRVENOM KRSTU U NIŠU I STRELJANJE NA BUBNJU, Institut za savremenu istoriju, Beograd, Opštinski odbor SUBNOR Niš, IRO »Narodna knjiga«, Beograd 1983, str. 345., Review by: Sonja Božanović-Špoljar; 6. DOKUMENTI О SPOLJNOJ POLITICI SFRJ 1945. Priredili: Đorđe Vasiljević i Bogdan Popović, »Jugoslovenski pregled«, Beograd 1984, 426 str., Review by: Dragica Mugoša; 7. DA LI SU PRIVREDNE KRIZE I REFORME NEIZBEŽNE U SOCIJALIZMU? Povodom prevoda knjige Evgenija Preobraženskog Nova ekonomika. Pokušaj teorijske analize sovjetske privrede (izdanje Centra za kulturnu djelatnost, Zagreb 1983)., Review by: Dubravka Stajić; 8. Maurice Vaisse, ALGER: LE PUTSCH. Ed. Com-plexe, Bruxelles 1983, 146., Review by: Vladislav Marjanović

Заштита на стопанските места во доцноантичкиот период во Виничкиот, Кочанскиот, Штипскиот и Светиниколскиот регион

Author(s): Trajce Nacev,Dragan Veselinov / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 18/2019

The mines, roads and border crossing points in the Late Antique period represented places that were of great importance for the development of the economy in a society. Because of this significance, these economic places in the Late Antiquity were protected in purpose to defend them428selves from various hostile activities. The protection of the economic places during this period was realized through the construction of fortifications. These types of fortifications from the Late Antique period are also found in the regions of Vinica, Kochani, Shtip and Sveti Nikole.The mines, roads and border crossing points in the Late Antique period represented places that were of great importance for the development of the economy in a society. Because of this significance, these economic places in the Late Antiquity were protected in purpose to defend themselves from various hostile activities. The protection of the economic places during this period was realized through the construction of fortifications. These types of fortifications from the Late Antique period are also found in the regions of Vinica, Kochani, Shtip and Sveti Nikole.

Learning from the past: 50 years of research in microelectronics in Romania

Author(s): Dan Dascălu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This paper is celebrating 50 years of research in semiconductor devices and microelectronics. The first research centre (1969), becoming later a research institute (ICCE, 1974) was created in the middle of the industrial platform for semiconductor industry and it was meant to facilitate the industrial growth and then to complement the activity of this industry. ICCE expanded and diversified its activity at the political demand (part of the unrealistic policy of avoiding any imports), collapsing after 1990 (the personnel decreased from 1500 to 200, in 1996). Still, the experience of engineers and researchers was extremely useful when ICCE merged with IMT, in a national institute focussed on microtechnologies, i. e. semiconductor technologies used to construct microsensors and microsystems, following the EU orientation. IMT was successful in participating to a record number of European projects, and also benefiting from the correlation of national programmes with EU policy, the structural funding a.s.o.

Uses, Conflicts and Regulations in Micro-places: The Case of Early Modern Lyons

Author(s): Olivier Zeller / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The utilization of a GIS (Geographical Information System) permits the highlighting of urban strategies seen through textual fonts in early modern Lyons. The town council applied a long-lasting micro-urbanism aiming to improve traffic, to enlarge squares and to control the spatial usage. However, popular culture remained very reluctant, defending two kinds of appropriation. Streets and squares were considered a normal extension of professional premises, and militia units often came into conflict over shared parade grounds.

Narvik, a Swedish Norwegian Border Town

Author(s): Steinar Aas / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This article gives an insight into the industrialization and colonization processes of northern Scandinavia. Urbanization due to industrialization is a vital part of the perspective, and brings us into an industrial mega system in Swedish Lapland in the late nineteenth century based on iron ore export. It was to be connected to the industrial centre of Europe, especially the Ruhrgebiet of Germany, and paved the way for a new kind of urban development in peripheral Europe – the industrial network town. The history and foundation of the Norwegian harbour town Narvik is vital for gaining insight into this mega system. By studying Narvik we can envisage particularities of, and similarities and differences between Norway and Sweden when it comes to their urban economic foundations, urban development/planning regimes, and the relations between the municipalities, the modern nation states and the dominating companies. Even the development of a uniquely Scandinavian identity connected with the labour movement and the development of a post-war social democrat order visibly results from the new industries. Thus the common Swedish-Norwegian figure of the rallar – something like navvy or construction worker – has a significant place in this study, and the use of the figure in addition to later processes of memory creation, both within the Norwegian and Swedish labour movements, is addressed.