Елена и Еленския край по време на кърджалийските времена

Author(s): Stanimir Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

One of the most emblematic periods in Bulgarian history is related to the Kardzhalis time. It is a time of anarchy and battles for influence in the provinces. A historical source known as the Elena Chronicle synthesizes into one the everyday life and the political situation in this period of turmoil. On the basis of this chronicle, we will try to look into the issues of economic, social and cultural development during the Kardzhalis period, covering the period between 1750s and 1820s in the Balkan history.

Еленските чорбаджии – икономически възможности и обществена дейност

Author(s): Stanimir Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

This article aims to explore the economic capabilities of Elena chorbadzhis in the 1840s. Unpublished materials from the Ottoman archives in Istanbul were used and, in particular, a temettuat defter (ML. VRD. TMT.d 12752). The creation of the register coincided with the economic rise of Elena. During the period under consideration, Elena became an important economic center in kaza of Turnovo. From the analysis of the document, it is clear that Elenia chorbadzhis and their heirs were rich landowners with serious economic opportunities in a mountain economy. Apart from being directly related to the economic development of the region, they also carry out intensive public activity related to the construction of fountains, bridges, donations to churches and etc.

Епохата на великия български цар Самуил

Author(s): Georgy Nikolov Nikolov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2014

After heavy and prolonged wars of Tsar Simeon I the Great (893-927) against the Byzantine Empire, a nearly 40-year peace was settled between Bulgarians and Byzantines in 927.

Етнически състав на населението в Западна Македония през Втората световна война по албански официални статистики

Author(s): Anton Panchev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2018

Етническите карти и статистики като политическа реклама и инструменти за изграждане на нация (1878–1913) – надеждност на данните

Author(s): Gabor Demeter,Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics,Zsolt Bottlik / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2016

Ethnic cartography is a tool developed to legitimize the concept and the arguments of the national state. Ethnic cards, which often simplifies and even distort reality and national identity, too complicated in itself, cannot be regarded as an impartial source. Balkan nations in turn are trying to use the opportunities of ethnic cartography and interpretation of certain sources to legalize their territorial aspirations.

Етничност, език и идентичност в Югоизточна Европа

Author(s): Elena Koycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 31/2015

Етно-демографско и църковно състояние на Горноджумайска каза (1879 - 1902 г.)

Author(s): Stanislava Stoytcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2013

The study is based on little-known documents (Bulgarian, Greek and Turkish) for demographic and ethno-religious state of Gorna Dzhumaya area during the period 1879-1902, i.e. before the Gorna Dzhumaya uprising.

Ефективност на българските банки през двайсетте години на миналия век: историческа реконструкция посредством нетрадиционни методи за измерване на ефективността

Author(s): Nikolay Nenovsky,Gergana Mihailova-Borisova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

This paper studies the dynamics of bank efficiency in Bulgaria for two different years in the last century, in particular 1923 and 1928, related to the financial stabilization and financial crisis respectively. In so doing several inter-dependencies has been detected related mainly with the reaction of different type of banks to the financial crisis and financial stabilization. The bank efficiency is measured by using nontraditional method for the measurement of bank efficiency – non-parametric method “Data envelopment analysis” (DEA) and parametric method "stochastic frontier analysis" (SFA). The non-traditional methods, such as DEA and SFA are more sophisticated method than the traditional accounting measurement of bank efficiency, overcoming traditional approach’s disadvantages. The banks are classified on different sub-groups in order to capture the reaction of different bank groups in respect to the financial crisis and the financial stabilization. We have collected the date from the official bank balance sheets as well as the profit and loss statements of Bulgarian credit institutions, published in the State Gazette, in order to define the inputs and outputs of banks. These methods have been applied in numerous studies of bank efficiency in a group of countries, but they are not used for the purpose of measuring the efficiency of the Bulgarian banking system for historical data.

Ефимерността на италианските „републики сестри“ и техният пряк наследник Италианската република в периода (1796 – 1804 г.)

Author(s): Emil Dokov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

The French Republic supported the spread of republican principles in Europe, but most of these sister republics became a means of controlling occupied lands through a mix of French and local power as client states. This article aims to analyze the outcome of the revolutionary triennium (1796 – 1799), when as a result of the French conquest of the peninsula some republics were established.

Еще раз о гераклейских амфорах с клеймами «многострадального» фабриканта Этима

Author(s): Sergei Ju. Monachov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2016

The author critically examines the question of chronology of Heraclea’s stamps with the name of the late manufacturer Etymos, which since the mid 1990s has been traditionally dated by the late 4th — early 3rd centuries BC. The analysis of a series of complexes with stamps of this manufacturer found in the barrow at village Peski, pit no. 105 on Belozero settlement, from Nimphean cellar (found in 1993), from Gorgippian wells no. 10 and no. 269 and from the feast on Alexandropol barrow allows a rather reliable synchronization of this manufacturer within the 340s —330s BC, i. e. 35—40 years earlier. This raises the issue of the necessity to review the straightforward typological classification of the Heraclean stamps by presence of one or two names on stamps and to provide their new dating.

Жената във властовите структури на Второто българско царство

Author(s): Rumyana Komsalova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2015

The Bulgarian aristocratic woman is a part of the aristocratic elite. This is determined primarily by her origin, but in some cases the aristocratic status can also be acquired through marriage with a representative of the aristocratic class. Undoubtedly greater role for the realization in the public life have the ruler’s wives and relatives. This trend is clearly outlined in the Second Bulgarian Empire, when the noble woman manifests herself in power not only by her titles and insignia, but as effective factor in government. Of course, this largely depends on the particular political situation in the country, the behavior of her husband or that one of the influential relatives, and last but not least, on her personal qualities and ambitions. Her role in the public domain can be systemized in several ways: first, through her direct participation in the management of the Bulgarian State and not to be underestimated her role of the “gray cardinal”; Secondly, in her capacity as a kind of “tool” to regulate interstate relations and thirdly, her position as a “foreign”, as a ruler in another country and the influence applied on the politics of this country towards the Bulgarian State.

ЖЕНЩИНЫ КАБАРДИНО‐БАЛКАРИИ В ГОДЫ ПЕРВЫХ ПЯТИЛЕТОК

Author(s): Zaur Shabasovich Bechelov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2017

Pre-revolutionary Kabardino-Balkaria economically was extremely backward, agrarian territory, with feudal and patriarchal farm patterns. Like other peoples of the East, women here were powerless and oppressed in the family and society. They were without exception illiterate and economically dependent on men. Kalym, polygamy, marriage of minors — all this puts women in a humiliating position, killed human dignity in them. After the establishment of Soviet power, the picture starts to change gradually. The Soviet state provided participation of women, on a par with men, in a social production and in social and political activity. This work was carried out in very difficult conditions of struggle against harmful traditional remnants of the past in relation to women. Local authorities, following the instructions of the center, launched a large-scale work on the restoration of the national economy. A woman goryanka becomes an active participant in all these processes. Within the secondary analysis of the public female policy of 1920— 1930 the following problems are designated: legislative registration of a new course in female policy, practical realization of purposes of equalizing the rights of women and men in the new country. The authors introduced into scientific circulation a complex of discovered archival materials, significantly complementing our understanding of the transformation of the status of women in the Kabardino-Balkaria during the first five-year industrial plans.

Жертви, беглеци, престъпници: неинтегрираните роби в Румелия (XVI – средата на XVIII век)

Author(s): Olga Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3-4/2017

The study is dedicated to the various factors which prevented the successful integration of some domestic slaves and ex-slaves into the Ottoman society as well as to the two main forms of slaves’ societal self-exclusion – slave fugitivism and slave criminality. An attempt was made to delineate some characteristic features of these phenomena. Slave integration and slave exclusion are viewed as a reverberation of the very ambivalent essence of pre-modern Islamic slavery that regarded slaves as both things and persons. The porous boundaries between integration and exclusion are illustrated with several examples of fugitive slaves or slaves involved in heavy crimes who despite acting in violation of the law appeared to be well incorporated in the (marginal) segments of the Ottoman society. The text is based on multiple sources but mostly on documents derived from the kadi registers.

Животноводство в экономике трипольской культуры

Author(s): Vladimir A. Kruts / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2002

The article discusses the role of stock-breeding in the economy of different development stages of the Tripolye culture. The analysis of available data shows an increase of the role of stock-breeding in the culture from the stages A to CII and gradual decrease of the role of hunting. Occasional rise of wild fauna in some late Tripolye groups is explained not by change in subsistence strategy to pastoral or hunting-pastoral cultural-economic type but by temporary crisis of stock-breeding caused by different reasons. According to carried out calculations the rate of livestock products in the diet of Tripolye population was not very significant, and plant food probably constituted the basis of nutrition. In general Tripolye economy was a balanced system based on plant cultivation and stock-breeding. Other kinds of economic activities included hunting, fishing and foraging which significantly supplemented basic branches of Tripolye husbandry.

Животноводство и охота на раннеславянском поселении Семенки

Author(s): Oleg P. Zhuravlev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2009

The article studies the osteological evidence found in layers of V—VI cc. AD on Semenki settlement situated in the modern Vinnitsa Oblast’. Due to the small size of the sample it was difficult to identify any features of the breeds of the domestic animals reared on the settlement. Overall, the settlement can be characterized as having a well-developed animal husbandry, which could meet every need of the population, and hunting therefore was of no particular significance. The population seem to have practiced pasturing in summer and home feeding in winter. A wide diversity is marked in animal husbandry practiced by the early Slavic population in Ukraine, which can be explained both by location of different settlements in different natural environments and by their belonging to different early Slavic tribes. Structure of domestic and wild animals tells that the studied settlement was set against the forest-steppe landscape at the time.

Животноводство и охота поселений Сокол и Лука-Каветчинская на Среднем Днепре

Author(s): Oleg P. Zhuravlev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2004

The article is a study of characteristics of cattle breeding and hunting of the Cherniakhov settlement Sokol and the early Slavic Luka Kavetchynska settlement, which are situated in the Middle Dniester basin. It points to a possibility that the tribes in this region bred different races of cattle, and also that hunting was of a weak importance because of well-developed cattle breeding, which could entirely satisfy the needs of the inhabitants.

Животноводство и охота у жителей Пастырского городища

Author(s): Oleg M. Prihodniuk,Oleg P. Zhuravlev,Serghei A. Gorbanenko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2009

The article deals with archaeozoological materials from early medieval Pastyrskoe hillfort. Besides, other materials characterizing cattle-breeding and hunting are presented in the article. The analysis of materials infers developed cattle-breeding, its harmonious and interdependent development with agriculture.

Животът и смъртта на неолитната къща

Author(s): Vassil Nikolov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2015

During the second half of the early Neolithic (after 5800 B.C.), the construction of two-storey houses in the Eastern and Central Balkans began. It seems that in the early Neolithic both floors of these houses were used as residential, but in the late Neolithic (after 5500/5400 B.C.) only the upper floor had residential function – the bottom was used for commercial or industrial purposes (storage of products or salt production). Some of the Neolithic houses were deliberately burned. The intentionally burned houses were buried in pits according to the principle pars pro toto (“a part for the whole”). It seems that in the early Neolithic, the pit sanctuaries were located in the periphery of the village, and in the late Neolithic, in ritual complexes situated outside the village. The researchers have no reason to separate the dead Neolithic people from their houses. It follows that the “cremated” houses might lead us to their probably cremated inhabitants - one of the possible explanations of the vast amount of “missing” graves in the Balkan Neolithic.

ЖИЛИЩНОЕ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВО: ИСТОРИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ОЧЕРК

Author(s): Valentina Dimitievna Ruzanova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

The paper deals with issues related to identification of the causes of formation of independent legal regulation of the housing relations in Russia, description of the development of housing legislation, and influence of the doctrine on this process. During the post-revolutionary period, the burden of solving the housing problem was taken by the state, which is reflected in the regulations. The normative material was then intensely accumulated and served as the basis for further codification of housing legislation. Originally, the legislator demonstrated a comprehensive approach to the regulation of housing relations. Subsequently, however, the focus shifted mostly to the normalization of tenancy agreements in the codification acts of civil legislation. After having been established in 1977, the constitutional right of citizens to housing became a prerequisite for housing legislation. Thus, the basics of housing legislation and the Housing Codes of the Union Republics developed. During the period of transition to market relations in the housing area, normative legal acts were published. They were intended for the adaptation of the institutions of the Soviet housing legislation to the recent political and socio-economic conditions that were in effect until the adoption of the new Housing Code. It is emphasized in the paper that the historically doctrinal research in this area has been always directed at finding the most appropriate legal regulation of housing relations. The conclusion is made that the modern housing legislation is a stable complex array of regulations, having the ability to adapt to the changing political and socio-economic conditions.

Житната търговия на Южна Добруджа (1919–1940)

Author(s): Tsvetolin Nedkov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

In the article based on diverse source material and scientific literature reveals impact of the Great Depression (1929 – 1933) on the wheat trade of South Dobrudzha, its stagnation development until its return to Bulgaria in autumn of 1940. In the years of the Great Depression the wheat trade in South Dobrudzha developed in regulation, but then the western. After this is stabilized and strengthened, but the pre warning indicators do not reach.