Погребальные ладьи на территории Древней Руси

Author(s): Petr E. Sorokin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2018

The boat-graves and graves with parts of boat are known in Russia in areas with the Scandinavian population. Boat-graves and parts of boats were studied in the burial mounds with cremation of the middle 9th — early 11th centuries in the Ladoga Lake area (Staraya Ladoga, Ust-Rybizna), in the Upper and Middle Dnieper (Gnezdovo, Shestovitsy) and in the Upper Volga region (Timerevo). They were recognized by concentrations of iron rivets connecting parts of boats. The reconstructed length of boats is about 6—10 m, which corresponds to the average size of vessels in the burial mounds of Central Sweden. Some graves included parts of boats. There are several graves with cremation and inhumation, including burial chamber, where boats or their burnt parts were found inside the mound or overlapping the burial on the ground surface. Study of boat-graves gives information about cultural contacts of Russia and Northern Europe, but also about the ship-building and sailing in those regions.

Scientific Ideals and Political Engagement: Polish Ethnology and the ‘Ethnic Question’ Between the Wars

Author(s): Olga Linkiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 114/2016

The article brings to light the relationship between politics and social sciences in interwar Poland in its local and transnational dimensions. It explores the beginnings of expertise in ethnology and the evolution of the discipline’s tools and methods as closely linked to the political goals of the interwar Polish state, and the post-coup Sanacja [Sanation] regime in particular. Ethnologists carried out fieldwork focused on multiethnic territories, such as Eastern Galicia, which were subjected to international territorial disputes. The collaboration with politicians and the administration – developed mostly in the framework of research institutes – was a source of inspiration and, at the same time, stiff competition between scientific schools. To illustrate some consequences of this collaboration, the article traces an argument over scientific approaches to the ‘ethnic question’ which involved ethnologists and empirical sociologists, and the connection of this argument to the objectivity principle in science. These different approaches reflect international theoretical and epistemological divisions at the time as much as they show the direct and indirect exchange of ideas within the European scholarship.

National Socialist Architectural Policy in the Occupied Countries of Central and Eastern Europe

Author(s): Richard Němec / Language(s): English Issue: 114/2016

The idea of remodelling Central and East European cities was not new to the first half of the twentieth century. However, under National Socialism it acquired a new quality that converged with the idea of remodelling Europe. The German Reich created in 1933 also unswervingly implemented the Führerprinzip – the leader principle – in the realm of urban planning. The introduction of the law on the remodelling of German cities from 4 October 1937 created the legal foundations for this, setting the future course and technical principles. This decision was implemented not only as domestic policy, but also as a form of propaganda. And this was not just in the German Reich: a similar programme was envisioned for the occupied countries. Albert Speer played a decisive normative role in this process; he was General Building Inspector for Berlin (GBI), but in 1937 also became responsible for other cities. He assessed designs for urban planning and architectural construction submitted by other architects in about four dozen German cities undergoing remodelling. These included building proposals outside Berlin, the subject of the present article. In this way, he became the Nazi regime’s leading urban planner. As such, he acted as an advisor in the occupied countries as well, although he also had authority to take decisions. How did the law on remodelling German cities influence urban planning and architecture in the German Reich as a whole and, as a consequence, in the annexed territories? To what extent were the annexed or occupied territories analysed here affected as a result?

Долината на Средна Струма в контекста на римската провинциална политика от средата на II в.пр.Хр. до средата на I в.сл.Хр.

Author(s): Sotir Ivanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 23/2018

After the conquest of Macedonia, the Romans built a provincial administration that took advantage of the Polis heritage of Hellenism. The political, economic and cultural life in the Middle Struma valley is closely related to the town municipality institution from the middle of the 2nd century BC until the 1st century AD. The traditions inherited from Hellenism in the urban self-government have been preserved and developed according to the Roman interests. The Roman political and tax system relies on the oligarchy, which leads to an increase in the influence of the town council and the limitation of the role of the National Assembly. The importance of the central administration, which begins to restrict local self-government, is growing gradually.

Върху един феномен от градския живот в тракия през ІV в.

Author(s): Ivo Topalilov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 23/2018

The present paper deals with the phenomenon of the municipal life of the urban society in Late Antique Thrace in a case study of Philippopolis, and possibly Hadrianopolis concerning the invention and proclamation of the ancient origin of the city and its municipal elite. This phenomenon is revealed by the historical narratives which applied to the existence of pre-Roman settlement on both places – Eumolpiada, after Eumolpos and Orestias/Uscudama respectively. In both places the stress is on the Attic link.This phenomenon is also attested among the ‘Thracian’ municipal elite as the speeches of Himerius reveal in the case with Severus and his wife being proclaimed with royal origin, both also closely linked to Athens.It is believed that these and others manifestations of the local elite which closely followed that of Constantinopolitain elite, were logical consequence of the intellectual development of the society in Thrace, but it was also proclaimed to the contrary by the Christianity which started to prevail. The rule of Julian was a good reason for such manifestation, probably one of the last ones in this respect in Thracian cities.

Historians' constructivism

Author(s): Giovanni Levi / Language(s): English Issue: 45-46/2018

Le journal d'un penseur de la complexité

Author(s): Stoyan Atanassov / Language(s): French Issue: 45-46/2018

The Bulgarians and the Prague Spring, 1968

Author(s): Michail Gruev / Language(s): English Issue: 45-46/2018

Народната партия и националноосвободителното движение в Македония и Одринска Тракия 1899 — 1911 г. (I част)

Author(s): Rositsa Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2002

The article reveals the position of the People’s Party concerning the National Liberation Movement of Bulgarians in Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace. During the discussed period the formation is in opposition.

До къде са границите на българската езикова територия?

Author(s): Nikolay Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2002

WHICH ARE THE WINNERS AND LOSERS AT CORPORATE LEVEL IN THE RECENT ECONOMIC CRISIS IN BULGARIA?

Author(s): Dimitar Zlatinov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

The paper discusses the macroeconomic implications on the local corporate sector following the global financial and economic crisis of 2008. In order to outline the sectors that have lost and gained from the crisis, we use a statistical analysis and the method of comparison. This makes it possible to assess the cyclical changes in corporate activity after 2008 that occurred as a result of the crisis and are quickly overcome and the structural effects that change the trend of real sector development. The principal “winner” of the crisis is its source at the global level – the financial sector, followed by industry, companies engaged in public activities and exportoriented companies, while high value added sectors (such as software technologies, research and development), are on the losing side at an almost zero credit activity for the enterprises in the country. In conclusion, the missed lessons from the crisis in Bulgaria are commented.

Ὁ καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος L’HONNÊTE HOMME DANS LES MIROIRS DES PRINCES BYZANTINS

Author(s): Simona Nicolae / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2018

This research aims at drawing out the portrait of the Byzantine emperor, as a character in the mirror of princes. The analysis shows that the humanness and the morality of the basileus are more and more important throughout the history of the Empire, to the detriment of his political dimension. The image of the emperor is highlighted by two effigies which overlap: one of them is diverse and brings together various qualities, the other is a sketch of the man simply beautiful and good, stripped of any particular trait, like the ideal of the classical Athens. We have explored the semantic areas which designate the qualities recommended to the prince (concerning the physical lineaments, the mind, the soul and the religiousness). We have also examined the monochrome portrait, which unfolds a human archetype with a “quantitative” side (defined by the notion of μέγεθος) and a “qualitative” one expressed by adjectival structures such as πλαττόμενος, τελειός). An extremely simple lexical formula, καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθός, crowns the image being analysed. The emperor must be, after all, the wise or rather honest man, with no degree of comparison, with no useless determiner, morally beautiful and good in the aesthetic vision of the Antiquity, for which morals and aesthetics were never dissociated.

Автобиография на Архимандрит Иона Маджаров

Author(s): Antony Stoilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2002

Гоцев, Д. Десет години трибуна на научната истина

Author(s): Dimitur Gotsev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2001

Immovable Property in Legal Actions as Documented in the Notarial Records: The Case of 13th-Century Dalmatian Cities

Author(s): Irena Benyovsky Latin,Sandra Begonja,Zrinka Nikolić Jakus / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Written documents are particularly valuable when researching medieval urbanity, since many buildings or spatial constellations are no longer extant or have been restructured over the centuries. The issue of ownership over immovable property is crucial when it comes to exploring historical urban areas, since its owners/users directly influenced its appearance and alterations. Information on the types, locations, and owners of immovable property are found scattered in notarial documents, mostly in various legal actions related to property transfer. In this paper, we have analysed this type of data linked to immovable property and its descriptions in the notarial records, focusing on the 13th-century Dalmatian cities of Zadar, Šibenik, Trogir, Split, and Dubrovnik (present-day Croatia). These data constitute a database that serves to reconstruct various spatial and social relations in the medieval city.

The Socialist Modernization of Prishtina: Interrogating Types of Urban and Architectural Contributions to the City

Author(s): Florina Jerliu,Vlora Navakazi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

This study introduces the contextual history in which socialist modernization was accomplished in Prishtina, the capital city of Kosovo. It explores the changing image of the city through interpreting the temporal and spatial forms of urban and architectural contributions that occurred between late 1940s and 1980s. Our analysis classifies six types of such contribution, comparable to Hamilton’s model of the socialist city, which prove that the intentions of the modernist socialist urbanism and architecture in Prishtina were similar to other socialist cities. However, the political and cultural background of Prishtina was different from other ex-Yugoslavian cities, and we try to show what impact it had in the shaping of its urban and socialist features. Analysis identified two major undertakings to support this argument: firstly, the destruction of traditional architecture with high symbolic value, with intention to erase the cultural construct of the city through, allegedly, the liquidation of primitive culture and the backwardness of the city; and secondly, and the fragmentary nature of urban development which made sure that such backwardness would frame the urban identity of the city in the modern context.

Medalii și decorații din colecția Institutului de Arheologie din Iași (III)

Author(s): Sever Petru Boţan,Lucian Munteanu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2017

In the present study the authors focus on the Austro-Hungarian medals and hat-pins that represent the most numerous group in the Institute of Archaeology’s collection. The 24 pieces cover mainly the First World War period but other commemorative or bravery medals are also to be found. On the other hand the hat pins offer a valuable source of information. Worn either by front troops or sold for war-funding, these insignia have a huge propagandistic value in justifying the fight against the enemy as a right cause. As a multi-ethnic empire, Austria-Hungary struggled until the end to keep its legacy intact and these awards, besides rewarding heroism in combat,were meant to bond their bearers to the Empire.

Termenul regional românesc „huscă” (sare obţinută prin evaporarea apei sărate), explicat ca vechi germanism

Author(s): Adrian Poruciuc / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2008

The author of the present article considers that the traditional etymology (Puşcariu’s) according to which Romanian regional huscă comes from a Ukrainian term huska – meaning something like ‘(little) goose’ – is untenable. More credible is, as demonstrated below, an origin of Romanian huscă (and, possibly, of Carpathian-Slavic correspondents) in a very early Germanic *hūska ‘crust (of salt)’, reconstructed on the basis of Engl. husk ‘the dry thin covering of certain fruits or seeds’, which, in its turn, was etymologically explained through Low German hūske ‘little house, core of fruit, sheath’. That Germanic connection is sustained, among other things, by the existence not only of Romanian huscă, but also of two Romanian regional terms (in plural forms), namely huşte ‘fermented wheat bran (used for a traditional sour soup)’ and huşti ‘huts outside a village’, both terms representing regular Romanian developments from an old plural form husce < singular huscă. In conclusion, by whatever way huscă entered early Romanian, it should be included among the terms that indicate the earliest contacts (beginning in the 3rd–2nd centuries BC) between Germanic intruders of a Suebic-Bastarnic type and local (Carpic-Dacian ?) populations of the Carpathian area in which natural sources of salt water have been exploited since prehistory.

Herodot. Notă filologică privind două probleme controversate

Author(s): Traian Diaconescu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2007

On the basis of Herodotus’ references to the life of the Getic (C. IV, 94), the author investigates two controversial issues: 1 the monotheist, henotheist or polytheist character of the Getic religion and 2 the meaning of the rite of shooting arrows towards the sky during a storm. Regarding the first controversy, after analyzing the Greek text in comparison with its Romanian versions, the author reaches the conclusion that Herodotus pleads for the monotheism of the Getic religion, though without excluding the henotheist type, while the polytheist meaning is deduced by scholars and not expressed by Herodotus himself. In relation to the second controversy, the author proposes a new lecture of the verb άπειλέουσι. All the translators, be they Romanians or foreigners, have translated this term by “to threaten”. The author of this article proposes the meaning of “to let know” or “to promise help”, supporting the idea of solidarity between the Getic and their god. This meaning is recorded in the large Greek vocabularies, but it hasn’t been chosen by translators.In conclusions, the author pleads for a dissociation between the Greek text and its equivalent in modern translations, and, through his new lecture, he offers a philological basis to the intuition of Pârvan, who sustained the solidarity of the Getic with their deity. However the controversial issues discussed in this article remain open as Herodotus’ testimonies, not based on direct knowledge of the Getic religion, have an unclear historical value.

Observații pe marginea unui volum recent privitor la așezarea antică de pe insula Berezan

Author(s): Valeriu Banaru / Language(s): Romanian,German Issue: 1/2007

Bekanntermaßen lassen sich die ältesten Beweise einer griechischen Präsenz im nördlichen Gebiet des Schwarzen Meeres mit der Niederlassung auf der heutigen Insel Berezan in Zusammenhang bringen, die zur Zeit der Kolonisation wohl eine Halbinsel war. Seit dem 19. Jahrhundert erfreut sich diese Siedlung, die in der Antike den Namen Borysthenes trug, eines verstärkten Interesses der archäologischen und geschichtlichen Forschung. Dank intensiver Bemühungen zahlreicher Gelehrter wurde ein ganzer Kreis von Fragestellungen aufgeworfen, mit denen sich die moderne Wissenschaft trotz beachtlicher Fortschritte noch bis heute auseinandersetzt. So fällt es besonders schwer, die Fragen nach dem politischen Status und wirtschaftlichen Funktion der Siedlung sowie den Kontakten mit der einheimischen Bevölkerung in der Anfangsphase der griechischen Kolonisation erschöpfend zu beantworten. Da dieser Sachverhalt in erster Linie mit der prekären Lage der schriftlichen und archäologischen Quellen zusammenhängt, ist jeder Versuch, alle vorhandenen, sowohl publizierten als auch unveröffentlichten Fundgattungen zur Rekonstruktion des historischen Bildes in dieser Zeit heranzuziehen, besonders bemerkenswert. Dazu gehört auch das hier besprochene Buch Borisfen-Berezan’. Am Anfang der antiken Epoche im Norden des Schwarzen Meeres, das 2005 vom Ermitage-Museum aus St. Petersburg anlässlich des 120–jährigen Jubiläums der von R. A. Prendel durchgeführten archäologischen Ausgrabungen auf der Insel Berezan herausgebracht wurde.