О чем поведали череп тура, топор и женские статуэтки? (К проблеме начальной неолитизации Нижнего Подонья)

Author(s): Alexander F. Gorelik,Andrei V. Tsybriy,Victor V. Tsybriy / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

Basing on some new and reconsideration of older materials, arguments for the migratory nature of the neolithisation impulses in Lower Don region are presented in this paper. Zagros region is considered to be the “homeland” of the elements of Neolithic package. In the PPNB period, across the Caucasian shore of the Black and Azov seas, possibly, also by sea, there were connections established between Zagros and Lower Don regions. The penetration of the new reproducing economy, possibly, together with its bearers, took part between 8500—7000 BC. As early as in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, here emerges a relative sedentism, together with stone and clay architecture, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurative art. The pottery first appears at the beginning of the 7th millennium BC. Of particular importance was the spread of new ways of stone tools production. Together with ceramics, we suppose the provenience of domesticated animals (cattle, swine, sheep/goat) from the territory of Zagros and adjacent regions of Iran. The existence of close contacts between the population of Neolithic sites in Lower Don region and some areas from the Fertile Crescent are confirmed by analogies for such inventory, as clay balls, adzes/axes of soft stone, specific “polishers”, medallions, bone pendants with snake ornamentation, stone vessels and geometrical microlites.

Откриха ламетник на Георги Измирлиев-Македончето в Благоевград

Author(s): Dimitar Shalev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2006

THE THEORY OF THE SUCCESSION OF WORLD EMPIRES IN THE ORTHODOX SLAVONIC CULTURAL CONTEXTS (MEDIEVAL SYMBOLISM, IMAGERY AND IDEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATIONS)

Author(s): Paweł Dziadul / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The main aim of this work is to present and analyze the theory of the succession of world empires in the Orthodox Slavonic cultural contexts. The theory functioned as one of the most popular ideas of the periodization of history in the Middle Ages. Owing to the work of the Byzantine commentators of the Book of Daniel and the Book of Revelation, it was modified and employed in the process of creating Byzantine imperial ideology, where it was connected with the idea of a universal empire and the doctrine of diarchy. After the Christianization of the Slavs, the theory started functioning in the new cultural, historical and political contexts, where it was adapted according to various needs and circumstances. The theory played an important role, especially in the culture of the Second Bulgarian Empire during the 13–14th centuries and in Muscovite Rus’ during the 16th century. It was used to create specific politico-theological programs focused mainly on the idea of a God-chosen “last monarchy”, eschatological in nature.

Les unités de mesure de l’espace et les mesures en Europe du Sud-est 15e – 19e siècle

Author(s): Mancho Vekov / Language(s): French Issue: 1-2/2017

For the first time in historical literature, the long, chaotic and varied path of the predimensional units of measurement for space, accompanying the macro- and microclimate of economic life from Antiquity to Modern Times is studied. The author makes a comparative analysis of the units used in Bulgaria, the Balkans and Europe. The attached dictionary increases the multiplier cognitive effect for specialists in economic history, ethnology, history of science and technology, geometry, algebra, historical linguistics, historical geography, and history of architecture.

Rok 1920 i lata następne. Brytyjska polityka appeasementu i zdrady? Artykuł polemiczny

Author(s): Michał Jerzy Zacharias / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The article is a polemics with the theses presented in the book by Andrzej Nowak Pierwsza zdrada Zachodu. 1920 – zapomniany appeasement (The First Betrayal of the West. 1920 – The Forgotten Appeasement) In the author’s opinion, Prime Minister David Lloyd George’s policy toward Poland in 1920 could be neither compared nor identified with later actions of the British known as “appeasement”. And to use the term of “betrayal” in scholarly studies of politics seems problematic to him. Mainly because such a term does not explain either motivations or possibilities, or conditions and expectations related to the decisions that are termed as the “betrayal”. It serves more to a specific historical policy, not to say propaganda, rather than the actual need to know the complex, complicated and multidimensional historic truth.

Кюстендилският конгрес и разделението във ВМОРО

Author(s): Slavi Slavov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

IMARO’s Kyustendil congress that took place in the spring of 1908, was called and took place in the atmosphere of severe organizational crisis and a deepening feud.

Loss, Fatalism and Choice: The Moral Component in the Narratives of Polish Dissident Historians in the 1980s. The Cases of Krystyna Kersten and Jerzy Holzer

Author(s): Cristina Álvarez González / Language(s): English Issue: 116/2017

This article discusses the moral dimension of history writing in the opposition milieus during the last decade of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL). It focuses on the works of two dissident historians who dealt with untold or contested aspects of Polish contemporary history: Krystyna Kersten and Jerzy Holzer. First, the essay describes the narratives about the values and experiences shared in the PRL context by people belonging simultaneously to the intelligentsia, opposition dissidence, and academia (professional historians), with a special emphasis on the discovery and search for the truth under positivistic premises. Secondly, it analyses the counterfactual questions posed by Kersten and Holzer in their bestseller underground books about post-war politics and the trade union Solidarity’s legal period, respectively. The reflections that these two scholars developed about pasts-that-didn’t-take-place provided a complementary ethical component to their discourses concerning decision-making processes and Polish society’s political agency. The idea of losing, the ultimate inevitability of defeat, and the way that defeat was faced in two different moments of Poland’s recent history are tackled by Kersten and Holzer with an educational goal: to explain to readers that, however minute the range of choice is, ethics, together with remembrance, plays an important role in social consciousness and empowerment, and hence can make a crucial difference in the long run.

Virgil Gheorghiu's Literary Activity Reflected in Securitate Archives

Author(s): Iuliu-Marius Morariu / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2018

Using information provided by former Securitate Archives, the author tries in this research to investigate the way how the literary activity of Virgil Gheorghiu, one of the most important writers of Romanian exile from France were presented in the informative notes written by the agents of that institution. Their way of understanding his work and ideas, the errors of their perception but also other aspects are therefore emphasized there. Also, their attitude towards his anti-communist perceptions and the value of his novels is presented there together with their attempts to get closer to him using the Romanian Orthodox Patriarch Justinian Marina, his parents who were living in Neamţ county, other relatives and some of the Securitate agents, in order to convince him to visit Romania. The way how his bad relationships with the other members of the exile have influenced his image is also a topic developed in this research.

Some Theoretical Aspects of Studying the Foreign Policy of the Kazakh Khanate

Author(s): Akbota TOKMURZAYEVA,Dauletbek S. RAEV,Laura Abzhaparova / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2018

This paper is devoted to a critical analysis and study of contemporary concepts, and the research is based on ethno-cultural and meta-theoretical ideas during the period of Kazakh khanate. The author pays a special attention to determination of scientific and theoretical roots and beginning of relations of the Kazakh khanate and Kazakh steppe civilization with the outer world and neighboring civilizations. First and foremost it has been paid attention to the theoretical, conceptual and universal meaning and significance of the notion of “international relations”. In addition to that by analyzing the inner logics of the terms such as “national interests”, “national security” it has been made an attempt to determine their role during the period of Kazakh khanate in XVII-XVIII centuries and their meta-theoretical meanings have been studied.

The Circassian (Adyge) Scattering in the Countries of the Middle East: Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Diasporality Studies (Based on the Example of the Classic Jewish Diaspora)

Author(s): Svetlana KUDAEVA / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2018

As of today, the Circassian (Adyge) diaspora counts according to the minimum data for around 3 million people. The areas of its compact settlement are Turkey, Syria, and Jordan. This situation has developed in the course of the mass migration of the Adyge to the Ottoman Empire in the XIX century during the Caucasian war. The manuscript presents a comparative analysis of the most known methods for studying "classic" Diasporas (their invariant component). Also, there was an attempt to adapt them in relation to the Circassian (Adyge) diaspora (variative component of the method), i.e. rather adequate approaches to studying the Circassian (Adyge) diaspora have been worked out. The author represents the main results of multi-year research on the history of formation and development of the Circassian (Adyge) diaspora in the countries of the Middle East in short.

The Role of Social Memory in Reconstruction of the Historical Past. Social Memory and Historical Past

Author(s): Erazak Manapovich Tileubergenov,Natalia Aleksandrovna PELEVINA,Baktibek TAUBAEV,Aleksei Michailovich VASILIEV / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2018

The purpose of the study is to consider the role of social memory in the reconstruction of the historical past. The article uses the method of comparison and concretization. The article considers different approaches to understanding the term “historical memory” and the meaning of historical memory in the modern Russian society. A review of the main factors influencing the process of forming historical memory is presented. Among them it is necessary to single out school and university history education, government policy. Alongside this the author defines the notions “social memory” and “the culture of memory” thus, aiming primarily at analyzing and generalizing facts of violent destruction of the people’s memory as one of the basics of the Russian state. The article is structures basing on the principle of comparing post-revolutionary and modern Russia which makes the study quite consistent, and complete with generalized conclusions drawn by the author. In the end the main ways to solve the current situation are suggested. The results of the research can be used to prepare students for the discipline "Philosophy" and in the development of elective courses.

Book reviews

Author(s): Mihai-Octavian Groza ,Iuliu-Marius Morariu,Nicolae Dumbrăvescu,Marian Horvat,Mircea-Gheorghe Abrudan,Andrei Dălălău / Language(s): Romanian Issue: IV/2018

This section contains the book reviews from the 4th number of Astra Salvensis.

Baltic studies in Romania: sources, beginnings and perspectives

Author(s): Silviu-Marian Miloiu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2017

This article analyses the beginnings, development and prospect of Baltic studies in Romania. The articles stands on three pillars. It starts with an investigation on the main sources of Romanian knowledge of the Baltic region and sorts out the way they have been represented in the Romanian mental images. Throughout the analysis, knowledge of each other is bonded to the concepts of memory and history based on the assumption that the largest part of our knowledge derives from remembering, this being applicable even in the high sphere of international relations. This theoretical framework is sampled to the case-study of Romania’s knowledge of Baltic area assessing the medieval, modern and 20th century legacy of the Romanian encounters with the Baltic States discovering that, although the distance between Suceava, the medieval capital of Moldova, and Vilnius is less than 1,000 km. (or 600 miles) and the Principality of Moldova of Stephen the Great neighbored the state of Jagiellonians, in most cases, the legacy of the relations between Romanians and Baltic nations played little role in feeding a sense of solidarity or complementarity between these nations. This pattern is now challenged by courses on Baltic and Nordic studies taught at Valahia University of Târgoviște and the activity of the Romanian Association for Baltic and Nordic Studies, which joins the efforts of scholars from various Romanian institutes and universities, especially from Iași, Cluj-Napoca, Bucharest, Constanța and Târgoviște. The analysis of these endeavors, the other two pillars of this article, brings forth educational, scholarly, editorial and dissemination efforts designed to change the perspective of the Romanian public in this respect.

Величавият подвиг на тракийци от 1903 г.

Author(s): Ivan Filchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2003

Отзвукът от Илинденско-Преображенското въстание в балканските страни и народи

Author(s): Veselin Traikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2003

Езикът на документите на ВМОРО от Илинденското въстание

Author(s): Ivan Kochev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2003

Илинденското въстание в Скопския революционен окръг

Author(s): Slavcho Gotsev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2003

Политическата ситуация в Македония в навечерието на Илинденското въстание през 1903 г.

Author(s): Andzhey Malinovsky / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2003

The article makes a short review of the economic and political situation in the geographic area of Macedonia after the Berlin Congress of 1878. The author points out that the economy was in a state of decay due to the system of contracts to facilitate foreign investments (the so-called ‘capitulations’).

Нова книга на Иван Николов Иван Николов. Българите в Югославия - последните версайски заточеници. С., 2002, 86 с.

Author(s): Zheko Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2003

Идейна и тактическа еволюция на пробългарските лобистки кампании в САЩ през първата половина на ХХ век

Author(s): Trendafil Atanasov Mitev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2003