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The issue of causes and effects of 1989 is considered as the question of development and effects of neoliberal Europe. It is argued that this is a process of loss of sovereignty and political subjectivity i.e., one of promotion of individualistic atomism and ideology of „human rights“ which, also, ends up in „humanitarian interventionism“. Binary set of relations between „totalitarianism“ and „democracy“ - as well as the following concept of „transition“ – secured the dominance of liberalism on practically all levels while from the geopolitical aspect this construct corresponded with US hegemony in Europe – best perceived on the example of the EU. Besides neoliberal, postmodern discourse had its own impact on these processes. In conclusion, equality, true democracy, and the return to the state are emphasized as the basis of post-liberal Europe of the 21st century.
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The aim of this study is to determine how disabled people undergo a process of religious socialization and the problems they experienced during this process of socialization, the areas where they are exposed to social exclusion and the extent of this exclusion within the framework of their life and experiences. In addition, it is aimed to increase the level of social awareness and consciousness towards disabled people and to contribute to the production of social policies that can enable them to integrate with society. The research is a descriptive qualitative research and is based on the phenomenological model of qualitative research models. The study area is composed of orthopedically handicapped, visually impaired and hearing impaired people living in Bingöl province. In the research, in-depth interviews are conducted with the help of thirty handicapped individuals with the help of semi-structured forms. In the study, it was concluded that people with disabilities experienced social exclusion in many areas. The foremost areas where they live exclusion are the ones such as social life, education, social and cultural activities. In addition to these, it is determined that they experience social exclusion in religious social activities and religious service areas.
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The paper analyzes the social and political processes that have led to a radical change in the role of intellectuals in society. What is happening with intellectuals in Western European societies is also recognizable in the so-called transition countries which include Serbia: their public role is to retreat before other actors. As the meaning of the public and the public good changes, so does the notion of intelligentsia. The paper highlights the strengthening of the public role of political parties, participants in electronic and print communication, civic movements. The newly created circumstances of social and political life marginalize the former role of intelligentsia as the voice of the public, as a social group articulating the interests and needs of peoples and citizens. Public good advocates are no longer needed. The final part analyzes the changes in the public role of intelligentsia in Serbia.
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In this paper, authors aim to show the significance of agriculture in the economic structure and economic development of transition countries. The role of agriculture is undoubtable in the economic development of transition countries particularly because agriculture represents an important branch of economy in former socialist systems, but also of the structural reform in agrarian sector. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of indicators of significance for agriculture in economic structure and economic development of individual transition countries. The analysis includes transition countries of the EU, Western Balkan countries and the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The analyzed data refers to the period from 1989 until today, with results created for shorter periods for comparison.
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The deregulation of media sphere and the transformation of regulatory framework in Serbia has begun at the end of last century with a mission to bring it closer to the developed countries of Europe. However, the process of ownership transformation has only formalized new media monopolies and quality legal solutions were marginalized by poor and inconsistent implementation. The framing of communication images into distorted media frames has strengthened the negative perception in society, because the absence of media diversity in reporting has put very strong tabloid and sensationalist discourses to the forefront. The changes that we are pointing to transform the meaning of a journalistic paradigm. Private media corporations and digitized platforms, increasingly focused on budget funds, construct ideologically desirable narratives, becoming part of the propaganda and clientelist industry.
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Processes of media transition in the Republic of Serbia, triggered by the political changes in 2000, have been unfolding through harmonization with the EU regulatory framework. These processes have been strongly determined by the development in the information and communication field, too. The aim of this research is to discuss the state of professional journalism two decades after the beginning of media transition in Serbia. Mechanisms of self-regulation and the Code of Ethics are perceived as a tool for the emancipation of the journalism profession in a fragile democratic environment. Using the scientific method, the research shows why self-regulatory instruments have failed to ensure the integrity of the journalistic profession in the process of media transition.
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There are principles in the world by which everything happens, by which the world works. This applies to both natural and social phenomena. However, it happens that these principles are inverted into something completely different. It is also often the case, in order to hide the true essence, that new names for phenomena or processes that obscure things and hide the right intentions are invented. The best example of how this works in practice can be seen in the examples of totalitarianism and democracy. The principle of totalitarianism is based on an authoritarian system of government, unlimited power of the leader, aggressive expansionism and control of the state. In its original meaning, democracy (the rule of the people - the majority) is the opposite of totalitarianism. However, do we have the true rule of the people today, or is there just a new form of totalitarianism behind that phrase? Every period, including this one today, imposes some general ideas that preoccupy people and nations. One such example is the mundialist idea of organizing a “world without borders” as a whole into which individual peoples and states are immersed. A process called transition has been imposed as a by-product of globalization and a mandatory pattern for former socialist countries. Therefore, Wallerstein is right in saying that the whole world is in a situation of “a kind of global transition”. A large number of papers have been written in an effort to explain these processes. One of the discourses that can explain the “global transition” is the principle of inverted socialism. Namely, if socialism is based on the idea of social justice, that is, the distribution of social wealth to as many members of society as possible, the inverted socialism operates on the principle of profit privatization, and the socialization of losses at all levels. Globally, the rich (2%) are becoming richer and the majority of the population is becoming poorer. As a result of such a process, instead of a harmonious future, as Fukuyama predicted, there is the death of the welfare state on the one hand, and the socialization of losses on the other (the best example is the world financial crisis and bank rehabilitation by the states – of course at the expense of the people). Therefore, both globally and locally, it is time for a new Marx and a new true rather than inverted socialism.
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The paper analyzes the economic effects of the transition process in the countries of the former Yugoslavia, with particular reference to those segments of that process that define the directives for their economic and institutional development. The results of the transition process are also analyzed in terms of the position of these countries vis-à-vis the European Union. The countries of the former Yugoslavia have achieved different results in the transition period so far in terms of membership in this integration and these results have been accepted by some researchers as the standard for evaluating their success in the transition process. If one assumes that membership in the Union alone is a “certificate of success” and an indicator of the end of the transition process, it can be said that only Slovenia and Croatia have succeeded in implementing the transitional reforms. However, according to economic indicators, the two countries share the fate of the other former Yugoslav republics and their success in the transition process is judged to be modest.
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The aim of the paper is to consider the population trends in Serbia and their components over the last three decades. It is a period of profound political, economic and social transformations. The analysis is based on vital statistics data (1991-2017), the 1991, 2002 and 2011 census data, as well as the official and the authors’ estimates. In this period, some of the prior long-term processes continued (decline in fertility, decrease in mortality, emigration). However, some new phenomena and processes emerged (population decline, negative population growth, and immense forced migration). The authors point to the interdependence of the analyzed changes in the components of demographic growth and the long-term population ageing process and conclude that these are the most important components that will decisively influence the demographic development of Serbia in the decades to come.
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The main question of this text is whether the change of traditional division of gender roles is really a factor that would make birth rate in Serbia closer to the level needed for population replenishment. A connection between gender models and fertility rate in European countries, which are characterized with different gender regimes, is discussed according to relevant demographic literature and statistical data. Likewise, the findings of conducted research studies in Serbia are the basis for consideration of gender models within family and gender aspects of parenthood as factors of childbearing decision. The specificities of economic development and widespread cultural norms determine the relation and influence of gender roles on fertility. The answer to the question that directed this text is discernable within this framework.
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In Serbia, as well as throughout Europe, there is a trend of an increase in nonmarital fertility over the last several decades. In 2017, 26% of children were born outside of marriage. The paper presents the basic characteristics of nonmarital fertility, based on official statistics and qualitative research conducted by the author. Conclusions about how many nonmarital births take place within nonmarital unions and how many among single mothers, due to the lack of statistical data, are made indirectly. The results of the analysis indicate the adverse socio-economic status of many mothers and their children born out of marriage. This emphasizes the need for institutional support measures for single parent families. The paper also indicates the need to deepen knowledge and increase the scope and quality of data related to the phenomenon of nonmarital births.
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Population ageing in Serbia has pervading effect on many societal spheres. Paradigm of active ageing highlights the importance for older to lead healthy and productive life. The aim of this paper is to explore active ageing practices of institutionalised older citizens considering their sociodemographic characteristics and migration background. Semi-structured interview, as a qualitative research method was used to grasp perceptions and experiences of 27 older residents in nursing homes regarding adjustment in later life and daily activities. Additional valuable insight on topic was gained from institutional social workers. According to the results, the routine of daily living of the elders varies depending on individual abilities, preferences, health, marital status and migration history. The findings suggest that institutional setting does not have to represent barrier to active ageing, with implications for further research and practice.
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The notion of “children on the move” is relatively new in the scientific and political sense. The goals of this paper are the conceptualization of the notion and categories of “children on the move”, the analysis of risk factors and the consequences for the well-being of children created by forced migrations and the establishment of a theoretical framework for understanding this phenomenon. In the paper, analysis and synthesis are used as general scientific methods. “Children on the move” represent a vulnerable population which is in many ways exposed to different types of risks for their safety, health and socio-emotional development. Particular challenges for the protection of “children on the move” concern the realization of the right to non-discrimination, the right to the best interest, the right to life, survival and development and the right to participation. The social policy towards “children on the move” should be multidimensional and multisectoral.
More...Ljubiša Mitrović In the Role of Transition: Between Sunsets and the Alternatives (The Pace of Transition for Transition and Alternative Society), Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš, and Prometej, Novi Sad, 2017, 306 pp.
The paper deals with the monograph of Dr Ljubiša Mitrović In the Jaws of Transition: Between the Downfall and the Alternative (A Plea for the Transition of Transition and Alternative Society). First, the structure of the monograph is outlined, as well as author’s basic theoretical starting points. Then, the impact of applying a neo-liberal development strategy on transition societies is discussed, as well as the possibility of establishing an alternative development strategy. Finally, the role and position of the social sciences, humanities and intellectuals in the contemporary world is problematized.
More...Radivoje Mitrović: SERBIA 4.0: A Future That Must Not Be Missed. Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike, 160 pages
A review of this book is presented through a dialectical-synthetic approach which discusses various issues of the state of Serbian science and development of Serbia at a time of great technological innovation in the world. It is about integrated development, which includes science, education and culture, as generators of social development, because only they are able to respond to the complex temptations of the modern world and offer a vision of development.
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Like an avalanche, a change in the socio-technological aspects of human life has led to the need for a change in the whole system of education too. Education as the most important element of the socialization of the individual is increasingly being reformed under the influence of structural changes in society, which take place under the impact of new information technologies. The whole paradigm of education is changing, which is now based on the principles of accessibility, openness and continuity. First of all, the necessity of the use of these principles is determined by the rapid development of scientific and technical progress, when during short time one information technology changes other, new devices appear, transforming the principles of work and naturally, there is a need to exchange information with new information technologies. It results in the necessity of continuous studies of a human being during all life. Continuity of education, together with openness and accessibility, lies at the heart of the concept of education in the information society
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The issues raised in this paper have been situated in qualitative methodology. The aim of the study was to find out men’s reflections on fatherhood and childlessness. The main research issue was expressed in the following question: Do childless men have any arguments refuting a thesis that fatherhood is a fulfilment for man and the best capital for the future and, if yes, what are they? In the study that covered 24 men ranging in age from 33–42 years, we used a personal, in-depth interview. The results revealed that for men that are childless not of their own volition, fatherhood is indeed a fulfilment and a capital for the future. The voluntarily childless men, in turn, refute a thesis that the role of the father is one of the elements constituting a family.
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The aim of this article is to show the struggle of women from various cultural, ethnic, race and sexual backgrounds to find their voices amid the confines of the Symbolic Order of contemporary American society. Through the medium of language, society imposes and perpetuates the roles which its members have to accept and abide by. Due to the fact that the Symbolic Order and language as its articulation are male-centred, they serve to entrap women in roles which define them in accordance with the dominant logocentric concepts. They are forced into mimicry, having to use an alien voice, while theirs is forced into the background, into the “semiotic”. The autobigraphical works by Maxine Hong Kinston, Audre Lorde and Minnie Bruce Pratt present us with the social, gender, sexual and racial prejudices, struggles and obstacles they had to go through in American society, but also with a powerful set of strategies to find and express their voice and identity in life and literature.
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