Нравствеността като изграждащ и променящ правото фактор

Author(s): Georgi Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

This article studies the specific designation of morals under the conditions of a modern society. Due to the circumstances that morals are able to overcome differences between the social regulatory systems and to unite the perceptions of a regulatory framework, they have become a major contemporary metalegal regulator. Being a significant social regulator, morals also play a mediation role between law and other social regulatory systems. In this role of theirs, they make a substantial factor having an influence on building and changing legal prescriptions. Morals are also studied as a variable in the conditions of a dynamically developing society and changing conditions of living. Some models of behaviours, which were considered to be against moral only several decades ago, are nowadays regarded as completely normal.

Humour as a threat-coding mechanism

Author(s): Edward Greenberg / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The integration of humour’s classical theories such as relief, superiority, and incongruity suggest that the differences and patterns in what we find funny are largely dependent on attaching an “explicably safe” meaning to novel entities. It is argued that humour is a substantial organising influence in human socialisation and personal threat perception. Built on such work as Caleb Warren and A. Peter McGraw’s notion of humour in explicated ambiguity, Tom Veatch’s paradox of humour as a “normal” violation, and V.S. Ramachandran’s False Alarm Theory of humour, an integrational theory is developed and tested against a variety of hypotheses associated with the core findings of classical humour research.

Интеграцията чрез образование на децата и учениците от етнически малцинства в България – тенденции за развитие

Author(s): Siyka Chavdarova-Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article presents perspectives for the development of the process of educational integration of children and students from ethnic minorities in Bulgaria during the first two decades in Bulgaria. They are related to the application of competency complexes with similar results, realizing the goals of integration through education in the context of the idea of transferable competencies and multiple identity. Special emphasis is placed on the need for pedagogical activity in the direction of appreciation of learning by students as a way to optimal implementation of the process of integration through education of children and students from ethnic minorities

За необходимостта от национален цитатен указател и възможностите на университетските библиотеки да съдействат за съставянето му (из опита на Библиотеката при ИУ – Варна, 2014 – 2020 г.)

Author(s): Vyara Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The introduction of new bibliometric indicators for measuring scientific work puts the university and scientific libraries in Bulgaria in the need of creation of databases with citations of professors and scientists in every scientific organization. Each country creates its own citation index. The purpose of the article is to analyse existing bibliographic practises for classifying scientific references and the examine the question for the creation of a National platform to unite them, as well as creating a National Reference Register, in particular one for social studies. It is time for us to decide who will manage the combined citation document resources and how to create a Bulgarian index for scientific citation or a National Citation Index, in general and one for the social studies in particular. Social studies are less represented than the other branches of science, for example, in platforms like Scopus and Web of Science, which are the most influential platforms in the world and publishing and citation in them has more weight in the formation of the minimal national requirements for academic growth. I am using the historical approach and comparative analysis to show the practical experience of countries that have created such Registers and have achieved excellent results. I also offer for discussion a model to build a hierarchical structure for exchange of quoted data. The university libraries need exact criteria which citation to list and how the Bulgarian index for scientific citation in general will be formed, as well as the one for social studies.

Висше образование по културно-историческо наследство: българският опит

Author(s): Vera Boneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article systematizes information about the current cultural heritage programs in the Bulgarian higher education area. The data shows that in eleven Bulgarian universities a diploma of cultural heritage can be obtained.17 master's and 3 bachelor's programs prepare over 500 students a year. Two doctoral programs are also accredited. The rich variety of curricula is an objective result of the complex structure of cultural heritage in itself. However, it is also an indicator for the fragmentation of the higher education system in Bulgaria. The conclusion proposes approaches to overcoming the mentioned fragmentation, as the interdisciplinarity of the scientific field requires pooling of competencies and efforts for better results.

Преживявания на студенти в условията на пандемия от Covid-19

Author(s): Valeri Stoyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

Using the methodological approach of qualitative research to conduct empirical research in the social sciences, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students' experiences of the present and their projections for the future is revealed. The results show that many of them find positives from social isolation in the opportunity to pay more attention to the people important to them and to work more purposefully on their own development. On the other hand, serious fears are revealed, the main of which is for the health and life of their loved ones, as well as for the future, for their career development and realization. They find it difficult to tolerate social isolation and most of them experience their mental state as shaky, as depressed. In general, students have a negative attitude towards distance learning– online, considering it inferior to face-to-face training and assess this training as a risk to their professional development and subsequent realization in the labor market.

Promoting the Internationalization of Speech-Language Pathology Education: The Bulgarian-American Cooperative Experience

Author(s): Robert F. Orlikoff,Dobrinka Georgieva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Several collaborative projects between South-West University in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria, and 8 universities in the USA have worked well to improve the overall competence of students in speech-language pathology programs and practicing clinicians to better meet the needs of individuals with fluency and voice disorders. The US Fulbright Senior Specialist and EU Erasmus+ exchange programs serve as effective instruments that provide systemic and long-term impact supporting innovation and fostering contemporary teaching methods. These international projects prepare students and faculty succeed in a global, multicultural society, and in doing so, advance speech-language pathology as an evidence-based allied health science discipline.

Първа седмица дистанционно обучение в СУ „Иван Вазов“ в Стара Загора

Author(s): Toni Chehlarova,Neda Chehlarova,Dinko Tsvyatkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The results of a survey are presented in order to support the management of the leadership of “Ivan Vazov” Secondary School in Stara Zagora in creating conditions for organizing training and providing support for personal development from a distance in an electronic environment through the use of information and communication technologies in March 2020. The results of surveys to determine the degree of satisfaction and fatigue of teachers, students and parents associated with this school, the preparation for distance learning and the first week of its implementation are analyzed. Distance learning was introduced by the Ministry of Education on March 16, 2020 in connection with the state of emergency declared by a decision of the National Assembly of Bulgaria and related to theCOVID-19 pandemic.

Holocaust Testimony, Autobiography, and the Effaced Self.

Author(s): Janine Holc / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Autobiography is often writing about how a “self” forms over time as it is affected by the conditions it encounters. This definition can be problematic for Holocaust autobiography, because hiding one’s self from others and repressing one’s desires and impulses became crucial to survival. This essay traces the processes by which a “self” emerges for one Holocaust writer and survivor, Helen S., through archival documents, testimonies and memoirs over time. Helen S.’s example demonstrates how an effaced self can have a textual presence before the writer can allow herself to fully inhabit a traumatic personal history.

Letters to the JDC as Autobiographical Sources of Jewish Holocaust Survivors

Author(s): Joanna Śliwa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

After the Holocaust, Jewish survivors in Poland relied on external help, including that of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (the Joint, JDC). They wrote letters to JDC both to request and to thank the American-based Jewish organization for i.a. food, clothes, medicine, and assistance with emigration from Poland. Many of those letters also contain autobiographical information about the authors, themselves Holocaust survivors and their families. The descriptions of wartime experiences and survival strategies as well as of immediate postwar life (1945–1949) entail details and snippets of historical and genealogical value. Therefore, the letters examined in this article offer both individual histories and a collective portrait of the Jewish population in postwar Poland. The epistolary material also captures JDC’s activities and their importance for reviving and sustaining Jewish life after the Holocaust.

Shimon Samet and the Gap in the Story

Author(s): Yehoshua (Shuki) Ecker / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This article offers a close reading of personal memoirs about coming of age in Żółkiew in Eastern Galicia and about transitions on the way to immigration to Mandatory Palestine before WWII. It focuses on gaps in the fragmentary autobiographical texts written by Shimon Samet, a native of the town, who became an accomplished professional journalist in Israel, and reconstructs missing pieces of narrative about Samet’s brother and about the Zionist micro universe of transition and training sites in Galicia of the early 1920’s. It points to significant explanatory possibilities gained by identifying such gaps in personal and commemorative narratives.

A People’s Biography: Ada El’evna Raichonak and Her Hermanavichy

Author(s): Anika Walke / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The article advances an approach to studying 20th century Jewish experience in the former Pale of Jewish Settlement that foregrounds individual biographies and places them in a larger cultural and historical context. Drawing on interviews and various other sources, this approach reveals, among others, how individuals challenge familiar categories of identification and thereby appeal to flexible research agendas.

Bunt i melancholia. Obraz życia anarchisty w Memuarn fun Lejbn

Author(s): Piotr Laskowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The subject of the paper is a unique autobiographical text written in interwar Poland by a Jewish anarchist. A small booklet in Yiddish, Memuarn oder shpliters fun a lebn fun Leybn (also known as Memuarn fun Leybn) was published in 1933 in Łódź; the Polish translation appeared in 2017 under the title Memuary albo okruchy z życia Lejba. In the first part of the paper the author of the text, Leyb Berkenvald, known as “Leyb the Anarchist,” is identified and described, with a focus on the social milieu to which he belonged, and his position on the map of interwar anarchism. In the second part, Leyb’s autobiography is analyzed from the perspective of the microhistory of affects to reveal an alternative form of male subjectivity emerging from the text, which countered the dominant, heteronormative model of masculinity. This specific form of subjectivity is interpreted – both in its hopes and disappointments – in the context of an unattainable messianic community which Leyb strove to conceive.

Poradziecka prawnuczka: (auto)biograficzna narracja międzypokoleniowa w powieści graficznej Soviet Daughter Julii Alekseyevej

Author(s): Karolina Krasuska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article analyzes the graphic novel Soviet Daughter: A Graphic Revolution (2017), a literary text that belongs to a dynamically developing post-Soviet Jewish American writing, as a transgenerational (auto)biographical narrative of a great grandmother and a great granddaughter. The titular “Soviet daughter” refers primarily to the great grandmother and her political genealogy; yet because of the shared migration trajectory, ideological affinities, and the construction of the text itself, it can be also read as describing the leftist great granddaughter. The novel focuses on the flight survivors who lived through the war in the Soviet hinterland; moreover, because of the genealogical distance of it protagonists, it allows us for “adoptive witnessing” of the Soviet Russia, as well as the great grandmother’s communist past. In this way, the texts displaces American literary memory of the Holocaust that here intersects with the memory of the (pre-war) communism.

Matka-aktywistka: międzywojenna autobiografia Sofii Dubnow-Erlich

Author(s): Magdalena Kozłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The subject of this article is a case study based on analysis of Sofia Dubnow-Erlich’s autobiography fragments concerning the interwar period. A closer look at the autobiographical texts written by the activist and writer associated with the Bund allows to trace her approach to her own life plans. It also gives a broader look at the Jewish history of activism, and intellectual and political activity in the Second Polish Republic. Reading the memoirs allows us to capture the gender perspective and shows whether and to what extent the gender influenced the actions taken by the author.

Gender, emocje i praktyki życia codziennego Żydów na Dolnym Śląsku w latach 1945–1972. Narracja biograficzna Aliny M.

Author(s): Agnieszka Ilwicka-Karuna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

In this article we analyze one interview that is part of an oral history project about Jewish settlement in Lower Silesia entitled “Love in the ruins: the history of Jewish settlement in Lower Silesia 1945–1972.” All the interviews, including the one that is presented here, are focused on everyday life, growing up, emotions, and relationships of Polish Jews in Lower Silesia after World War II. The gender of the narrator plays a significant role in this project. Oral history is a medium in which we can acknowledge the experiences of the Jewish community that are not described in other sources, such as documents created by the Jewish Committee, reports from Jewish clubs, or even in written memoirs.

Disparagement humour and anti-obesity attitudes

Author(s): Jacob Burmeister,Robert Carels / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

People with obesity are often the target of disparaging humour. The typical derision of obesity found in everyday life also extends into the realm of the media. Many assumptions have been made about the effects this type of humour may have on the public’s attitudes toward people with obesity, but little empirical research exists. In the present research, two studies sought to uncover whether jokes and humorous media depictions of people with obesity affect individuals’ attitudes. In Study 1, participants (N = 271) either read a list of derogatory jokes about obesity, read a list of derogatory comments about obesity, or read a list of jokes that were unrelated to obesity. All participants were then asked to report their 1) attitudes toward people with obesity in several domains, 2) level of belief in stereotypes about obesity and 3) judgement of the social acceptability of jokes about obesity. Participants’ scores on these dependent measures did not differ across groups suggesting obesity jokes do not have an immediate impact on attitudes. In Study 2, participants (N = 146) were shown video clips from film and television programmes that featured derogatory humour targeting obese characters. Again, participants’ scores on dependent measures did not differ across groups. The results of these studies suggest that brief exposure to derogatory weight-related humour may not affect individuals’ attitudes toward people with obesity as might be assumed. Longer exposure to disparaging humour may be required to shift individuals’ attitudes about people with obesity.

Sharing humour digitally in family communication

Author(s): Anastasiya Fiadotava / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper offers a folkloristic perspective on the features and dynamics of sharing humorous content digitally within a family in the context of daily communication. The data, collected from 60 Belarusian families via oral interviews and an online survey (175 respondents), were subjected to quantitative and qualitative content and context analysis. The results suggest that sharing humour digitally within a family can take various forms, some of which parallel oral face-to-face interactions, while others complement them. The most preferable ways of sharing are those that ensure the privacy of conversation, thus providing family members with an opportunity to follow the customary patterns of communication while adapting them to the new spatiotemporal circumstances. Even though the process of selecting humorous content to share with one’s family does not necessarily involve conscious reflection on the sharer’s part, some tendencies clearly transpire from the data. For example, visual and generic forms of humour are more popular than textual and personal ones. Sharing such humour presupposes certain considerations about its recipients, thus making the fact that one’s audience is their family an important consideration in the practice of digital sharing.

Book review

Author(s): Alyona Ivanova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Book review

Author(s): Jay Friesen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020