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Assesment of China’s foreign aid for Cameroon in 2009–2020

Assesment of China’s foreign aid for Cameroon in 2009–2020

Author(s): Polycap Mudoh / Language(s): English Issue: 53/2022

The visit of Jia Quinglin from China to Cameroon in 1971 and the formal President‘s Ahmadou Ahidjo of Cameroon return visit to China in 1973 started paving the way for Sino- -Cameroon relations. Huge progress has been made towards advancing the cooperation of these two nations. This cooperation has had significant impact on both economies. China’s relations with Cameroon have been more or less like an economic livewire to Cameroon, although it cannot be ruled out that it has also some drawbacks. Chinese presence in Cameroon has been growing and is concentrated in the private sector. Areas of Chinese presence include construction, agriculture, and medium size businesses. Cameroon has not only witnessed enormous increase of Chinese investment and presence, but also of Chinese foreign aid. China’s foreign aid to Cameroon in the past years has been very much consistent and enormous. The main question here is what impact has this aid on Cameroon and Cameroonians? Cameroon is one of China’s major partners in Africa and also a beneficiary of China’s benevolent activities in Africa. China’s foreign assistance has been gearing towards the development of the local economy. This paper, therefore, seeks to explore the contribution and impact of China’s foreign aid on Cameroon in the period of 2009-2020.

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Koniec idei CSR. Nowy początek?

Koniec idei CSR. Nowy początek?

Author(s): Halina Zboroń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The subject of the article is the current state of discussions on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The aim is to show that the dispute concerning CSR models leads to promoting new proposals of a CSR model, as exemplified by the creating shared values (CSV) model created by Mark R. Kramer and Michael E. Porter, and the conception of the Company-Idea proposed by Jerzy Hausner and Mateusz Zmyślony. The author’s intention is to present argumentation supporting the thesis that there is an urgent necessity to reformulate the traditional models of CSR. The author is convinced that we can find promising inspirations in both new conceptions of CSR.

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European Identity: Collective Memory and Political Culture
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European Identity: Collective Memory and Political Culture

Author(s): Nikolaos Nagopoulos,Georgios Chatzichristos / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

One of the most fundamental problematics of European integration is the issue of the common European identity. The academic and policy debates that are developed around this issue highlight the fact that the EU cannot be transformed into a nation-state or even retain the characteristics that we know form nation-states, such as cultural identity and collective memory. Nevertheless, the European identity ‒ partly a social reminder and partly a social construction ‒ demands a transnational sense of identification. During the transition from “communitarianism” to “sociability” and modernity, new networks of relationships emerge and the phobic syndrome of otherness is more easily dealt with. Nevertheless, despite the forces of modernization ‒ such as the growing familiarity with social diversifications, travel facilities and mixed marriages, among others ‒ social groups continue to play a leading role in forming collective memories and identities and developing trust-building mechanisms. In any case, what still constitute the pivotal factors for such formations are collective memories and identifications. Against these backdrops, the European identity still lacks the necessary social groups as well as the collective memories and identifications to drive this trust-building forward. Due to that, the acceptance of the European identity is subject to constant fluctuations, which warrants investigation.

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“Freedom From...” And “Freedom To...”: Two Sides of the Same Coin for Civil Society and the Current Challenges of the European Welfare States
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“Freedom From...” And “Freedom To...”: Two Sides of the Same Coin for Civil Society and the Current Challenges of the European Welfare States

Author(s): Andrea Walter,Klaus Schubert / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Welfare states in Europe are facing major challenges today. Some have even announced the end of the welfare state. By contrast, civil society has been assigned a greater share of responsibility in these states. The key challenge is to balance divergent interests, or at least to provide approaches that enable learning to live with these conflicting interests. Thus, civil society plays a great role for welfare states in Europe. There are many opportunities for citizens and civil society organizations in Europe to voice their opinion and participate in the processes of policy making in order to strengthen freedom and democracy as a guarantee that the welfare state will be run well. Freedom and civil society are two sides of the same coin. This can be illustrated by developments in Eastern European and Western countries. While civil society in Eastern European countries is primarily characterized by its striving for political rights, particularly during the transformation process (freedom from authoritarian suppression), in the Western European states, civil society organizations primarily focus on representing societal interests and engaging in and providing relevant services for modern societies (freedom to achieve social improvement). The authors argue that these two roles of civil society are closely interlinked: If civil society succeeds in enforcing the rights of citizens, it must then be determined how it can continue to pursue its goals in an organized way. As part of this transformation process, civil society has a great potential to stabilize European welfare states. It provides a variety of approaches as to how welfare states can negotiate diverging, or even conflicting, interests, or rather how public and civil actors can live with these differences. This chapter aims to illustrate the linkage between the two functions of civil society and points out the resulting chances and challenges.

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Value Orientations and Social Differences in the Attitudes Toward Voluntary Childlessness Among Young Adults in Bulgaria
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Value Orientations and Social Differences in the Attitudes Toward Voluntary Childlessness Among Young Adults in Bulgaria

Author(s): Elitsa Dimitrova,Tatyana Kotzeva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The aim of the study is to explore the dynamics of social-demographic differences between young adults in Bulgaria who have negative attitudes, remain neutral toward or accept voluntary childlessness. The analysis is based on data from the European Social Survey (Bulgarian dataset) conducted in 2006 and 2018. A descriptive trend analysis is applied to reveal the dynamics of the attitudes toward male or female voluntary childlessness among different socio-demographic groups. The analysis reveals an increasing trend of neutrality and a slight increase in the affirmative attitudes toward VC among different socio-demographic groups. Applied correlation analysis shows a significant association between the attitudes toward voluntary childlessness, non-marital unions and parenthood in such unions, divorce of parents with small children and mothers’ early return to work. The present study also outlines the differences in the general value orientations of the individuals who reject, remain neutral or accept voluntary childlessness. Young adults with neutral or affirmative attitudes support to a lesser degree the traditional norms related to modesty, obedience, and respect for the traditional authorities, and strongly emphasize freedom of self-expression, independence, joy and excitement in life, and trust in others.

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Freelancer – “The spirit of the globally desirable stateless citizen“

Freelancer – “The spirit of the globally desirable stateless citizen“

Author(s): Predrag R. Živković / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The review of the work “Working from Home – Economic, Legal and Socio-Psychological Aspects of Working from Home” lists the features of the culture and history of work that may be considered a map of information capitalism, although work from home can be traced back to not so modern or recent epochs. However, what is in the focus of this “research reformation” of the team of authors are definitely new models of (self)employment that, as it can be clearly seen in the authors’ statements, arise or have arisen as independent paradigms in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, the pandemic encouraged the conduct of a number of compatible studies whose socio- psychological comparisons are used by the authors as a basis to justify their originality. The monograph clearly emphasizes the demarcation claims of working from home, as well as other “horizon of information existence”, or a new entrepreneurial culture. Therefore, apart from the ever more present work culture that is reflected in working from home in informatic capitalism, our task is also to show the results of indicating the possibility of legal, economic and socio-psychological development of freelancers as an entrepreneurial layer in the Serbian society.

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Либералният реформизъм на Джон Стюарт Мил и новата концепция за свободата, собствеността и управлението
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Либералният реформизъм на Джон Стюарт Мил и новата концепция за свободата, собствеността и управлението

Author(s): Nikolay Alexandrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The article is devoted to a key moment in the history of British liberalism, when, under the influence of the Industrial Revolution, the need arose for a revision of the classical liberal doctrine developed in the Enlightenment. Thus, on the border between classical and social liberalism stands the figure of the British philosopher and economist John Stuart Mill, who attempts to update the basic tenets of liberal ideology. Taking into account the socio-economic reality of his time, Mill set out to revise the foundations of liberal ideology, rethinking in modern times the problems of freedom, property and governance, expanding their perimeter in favor of the masses. As a harbinger of social liberalism, John Stuart Mill argues that the state must take care not only of order and tranquility, but also of the social security of its citizens. Mill's concept of individualism and collectivism in the context of freedom and the right to self-determination is also detailed here.

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Новите лица на недекларираната заетост: същност и факторна обусловеност
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Новите лица на недекларираната заетост: същност и факторна обусловеност

Author(s): Emilia Chengelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The current text is dedicated to revealing the newest faces of undeclared employment, viewed through the prism of the new forms of supply and implementation of employment that have emerged in the last ten years. The analysis is based on a desk research, which examined an impressive number of European regulations, analytical reports and studies. On this basis, eleven new forms of employment have been identified. At the next stage, the analysis is focused on identifying the factors that create risks of undeclared work in the implementation of new forms of employment. A methodological innovation is the Matrix of 24 indicators operationalizing the concept of „employment”, constructed especially for the purposes of the analysis. With the help of this Matrix, the new forms of employment are subjected to a detailed analysis, as a result of which are highlighted the weaknesses leading to the emergence of undeclared work. The analysis has a high management value, as it suggests key directions and areas for designing policies and measures for reduction and prevention of undeclared work.

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Социална среда, обществени нагласи и политически процес: българският контекст
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Социална среда, обществени нагласи и политически процес: българският контекст

Author(s): Svetlana Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The article is an attempt to address and link the issues of public opinion and political development in Bulgaria in recent decades. The research efforts are aimed at highlighting the peculiar transition from socialism through pluralism to populism, where the meaningful participation of public opinion is equal and proportional to political representation. Public opinion is predominantly formed under the pressure of media, but also political (dis)information, in conditions of prolonged crisis of trust in institutions and low efficiency of communication with them, lack of sustainable authorities, underdeveloped political and civic culture, low levels of self-confidence and the sense of having lost the ability to influence the course of public issues and the making of decisions. The formation of Bulgarian public attitudes largely depends on the impact of deficits in the public sphere, the defects of the educational system in terms of building political and civic culture, lack of critical thinking and education, and the internalization of conformist and authoritarian practices in society.

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Narrowing the gap in regional and age-specific excess mortality during the COVID-19 in Hungary

Narrowing the gap in regional and age-specific excess mortality during the COVID-19 in Hungary

Author(s): Csaba G. Tóth / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In the first year and a half of the pandemic, the excess mortality in Hungary was 28,400, which was 1,700 lower than the official statistics on COVID-19 deaths. This discrepancy can be partly explained by the protective measures instated during the COVID-19 pandemic which decreased the intensity of the seasonal flu outbreak, which caused on average 3,000 deaths per year. Compared to the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the third wave showed a reduction in the differences in excess mortality between age groups and regions. The excess mortality rate for people aged 75+ fell significantly in the third wave, presumably partly due to the vaccination schedule and the absence of a normal flu season. For people aged 40-74, the excess mortality rate rose slightly in the third wave. Between regions, excess mortality was highest in Northern Hungary and Western Transdanubia, and much lower in Central Hungary, where the capital is located. The excess mortality rate for men was almost twice as high as that for women in almost all age groups.

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Приложение на конструктивисткия подход за развитие на ключови компетентности в обучението по химия и опазване на околната среда (IX клас)
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Приложение на конструктивисткия подход за развитие на ключови компетентности в обучението по химия и опазване на околната среда (IX клас)

Author(s): Yordanka Stefanova,Petya Gerasimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

This article presents an attempt to organize an education based on the constructivist approach in the study of specific contents of the curriculum in Chemistry and Environmental protection in the 9th grade in order to develop key competences. Examples from the educational practice for the formation of some key competences are presented – learning skills, digital competence, skills to support sustainable development and a healthy lifestyle, basic competences in the field of natural sciences and technologies, which are important for the Chemistry and Environmental protection education. The results of our work in this direction show that the active involvement of students in the learning process is one of the effective ways to form the desired competences in students.

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Note și recenzii
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Note și recenzii

Author(s): Ilie Moise,Tiberiu Costăchescu,Loredana-Maria Ilin-Grozoiu,Doina Blaga,Ana Grama,Karin Servatius-Speck,Andreea Buzaș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2021

Review of: Mădălina Iacob, Muzeeul de nișă. Practici simbolice și contexte culturale, Iași, Institutul European, 2020, 220 p. Maria Șpan, Ethnoesthétique d’un village de Transylvanie: costume traditionnel et communication visuelle, Paris, L’Harmattan, 2020, 318 p. Pavel Toader, Confesiunile unui profesor, Sibiu, Editura Agnos, 2020, 518 p. Elena Maxim, Simbolul albinei și al produselor ei în cultura populară românească, București, Editura Etnologică, 2019, 251 p. Mircea Lac, Drumul spre performanță. Ghid teoretic și practic pentru clasele de artă tradițională din școlile populare de artă, Deva, Editura „Karina”, 2020, 586 p. Ioan Lucian Bolunduț, Odiseea buciumanilor..., vol. I (2019, 268 p.), vol. II (2021, 308 p.), Petroșani, Editura Focus. Ilie Moise, La Cut, înapoi, pe filele culturii, Sibiu, Editura Armanis, 2021, 212 p. Irmgard Sedler, „…skoro damoi!” Hoffnung und Verzweiflung. Siebenbürger Sachsen in sowjetischen Arbeitslagern 1945-1949, Siebenbürgisches Museum, Verlag Renate Brandes, Altenriet, 2020, 312 S Ion Taloș, Împăratul Traian și conștiința romanității românilor. Cultură orală și scrisă din secolele XV-XX, prefață de Ioan-Aurel Pop, anexă de Ion Taloș și Petre Florea, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Școala Ardeleană, 2021, 436 p.

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Globalna pandemia terroryzmu – analiza wybranych aspektów współczesnego zagrożenia

Globalna pandemia terroryzmu – analiza wybranych aspektów współczesnego zagrożenia

Author(s): Sebastian Wojciechowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Absorbed in Covid19, or the war in Ukraine, public opinion – alongside a significant portion of the political elite and opinionforming circles – is unfortunately prone to forgetting about other threats, including terrorism. The two main topics of this text address this issue. The first is to present particularly important benchmarks in the war on terrorism, namely the twentieth anniversary of the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the decision to withdraw NATO forces from Afghanistan. The second topic is to discuss selected aspects of contemporary terrorism while emphasizing its scale, scope and specific character. The key thesis of the text refers to this, underlying that, although the war on terrorism has been waged for over twenty years involving many states and international institutions, terrorism still remains one of the most important threats to international security. In the following years, it may further escalate, for instance due to state terrorism, the revival of some Islamist networks, a significant increase in the activity of other currents of terrorism, and terrorists applying new technological solutions, launching cyberattacks, using drones, or in the future, even bioterrorism.

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Вотът на младите. Политическият избор на младите българи (2009 – 2021)

Вотът на младите. Политическият избор на младите българи (2009 – 2021)

Author(s): Kaloian Iankov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article presents a research on the trends in the political choice of young Bulgarians aged 18-30. The research method is secondary analysis of data from electoral surveys – exit polls and official results of the parliamentary elections in 2009-2021 according to data from the Central Election Commission (CEC). At the first level, the results show who young people are voting for and whether their political choices shift in 2009-2021. At the second level – what is the share of young people among voters’ turnout and among party electoral groups. At the third level, it is possible to see the extent to which the young voter is represented in parliament in the Bulgarian National Assembly.

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Сватбата на гораните в Албания – обредност, музика и танц

Сватбата на гораните в Албания – обредност, музика и танц

Author(s): Veselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2015

Gora is a region, situated between three mountains: Shar, Korab and Koritnik, and on the territory of three countries: the Republic of Albania (9 settlements), Kosovo (19 settlements) and Macedonia (2 settlements). In Bulgaria the community of the Gorani is quite insufficiently studied while its image in the Balkan scientific and social discourse is strongly influenced by political interests and different ethnic, national or religious dispositions. The field materials presented in the article are collected in the Albanian part of Gora – the village of Shishtavets (2008-2012). The text presents descriptively the main parameters and the different aspects of the wedding, and also the observations and the analyses of the traditional music and dance like a component of the still performed wedding ritual among the Gorani.

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„Галичка сватба“ от Република Македония – между обреда и фестивала

„Галичка сватба“ от Република Македония – между обреда и фестивала

Author(s): Veselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2015

The text presents the festival, dedicated to the traditional wedding in the village of Galichnik, Republic of Macedonia, in the light of the relation “tradition – modernity”. The Galichnik Wedding Festival was founded in 1963, it is an annual festival in which a selected couple gets married in the traditional “Galichka” style wedding. Traditionally the wedding lasted for 5 days with the main activities on St. Peter's Day (12 July) every year. It was the only period of the year when couples got married, because it is typical for the local people called “miyatsi” (ethnographic group). Today Galichnik Wedding Festival is part of the festival “Galichko Leto” (Galicnik Summer) and it is a two-day event held on the weekend nearest to 12 July and it serves as a cultural and tourist attraction. Practically, however, this contemporary version of the ritual is “artificial” in the words of Yovanka Yurukoska (born in Galicnik, 1930), it is commercialized and it is part of the developing of cultural and rural tourism in Macedonia.

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Лазарският песенен репертоар от с. Юпер, Разградско, между ХХ и ХХІ век

Лазарският песенен репертоар от с. Юпер, Разградско, между ХХ и ХХІ век

Author(s): Veselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2015

The text presents the St. Lazar's day song repertoire from village of Yuper, Razgrad region as reconstruct the function of the songs from the recent past, when the ritual lazaruvane is stil “life”. The author analyzes the principle of antiphonal performing of songs, investigates the role and importance of the refrains in the song structure, and in general make diachronic comparison between songs recorded during the summer of 2003 in Yuper and the same songs in the collection of V. Stoin “Folk Songs from Northeastern Bulgaria”, Part 1. The overall conclusion from the comparison and analysis is that the St. Lazar's day song repertoire has remained stable musical and has preserved the basic melodic and rhythmic characteristics of the song from this region.

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Съборите на народното творчество и Съборът „От Тимок до Вита“ в с. Черни Вит, Тетевенско

Съборите на народното творчество и Съборът „От Тимок до Вита“ в с. Черни Вит, Тетевенско

Author(s): Veselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2015

The movement of the Folk Festivals in Bulgaria is nowadays one of the forms for preservation and promotion of folklore and tradition. The text presents a short overview of the origin and development of Bulgarian folklore festivals – the first regional festival in Gramatikovo (1960) and the first national festival in Koprivshtitsa (1965). The main part of the text is dedicated to a regional festival, created in 1980 – in village of Cherni Vit, Teteven region. Its way is indicative for the “life” of folklore in modern times and the role of festivals for the reconstruction of tradition.

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Как се отнася телевизията към фолклора? Подходи, модели, формати

Как се отнася телевизията към фолклора? Подходи, модели, формати

Author(s): Veselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2015

The text presents the reflecting of the entire spectrum of existence and presentation in contemporary life of folk music forms in programme of the state national television in Bulgaria. The role of this television in this respect is much more responsible as compared to private televisions for instance. Most generally, the possible TV-presented forms of Bulgarian folk music over the national televisions are as follows: on the one hand there are the TV-covered actual events such as fairs, festivals, competitions, etc., as well as all festive concerts on different occasions (videotaped or directly broadcasted) – they represent a relatively small percent of the total number of folk music presentations. On the other hand the prevailing type of broadcastings also presents certain forms of actually functioning folk music. The Folklore-forms are changing constantly, their spectrum is expanded and their complete “catching” in the TV “mirror” is not always possible. But also the television has its own selective media approach and by reflecting them it actually places them in its own media format, which also changes them.

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Музикалнофолклорна традиция и туризъм: случаят гр. Бяла, Варненско

Музикалнофолклорна традиция и туризъм: случаят гр. Бяла, Варненско

Author(s): Veselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2015

The text presents the contemporary state of the ralationship between musical folklore tradition and tourism in the seaside town of Byala, Varna region. Together with the already popular interpretative approach seeking links between folklore and tourism, i.e. the approach of analyzing the use of folklore for tourist purposes, here is offered the reverse view – how tourism influnces the folklore forms which have survived until nowadays. It appears that folklore (and the musical folklore tradition in particular) in Byala is “alive” only in the folk narratives: only in them the musical folklore tradition is successfully expressed in its entirety. Parallel to that, there exist attempts to recreate and revitalize the elements of the ritual and of the festive system without commercial purposes. The observations of the singing and instrumental tradition in Byala and its relationship to tourism leads to the conclusion that apparently, in the framework of a seaside town, one can register two opposite tendencies. The first one is the characteristic “closeness” and lack of 167 attitude to the resort specificity of the town and a natural decline of the ritual and song tradition. The second one is the “openness” of the instrumental tradition and its transformation in the new conditions, wich creates opportunities to relate it to tourism.

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