"Arabska" czy "muzułmańska" wiosna ludów? Przemiany polityczno - społeczne w Pakistanie a arabska wiosna

Author(s): Joanna Modrzejewska-Leśniewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2014

The massive anti -regime demonstrations in Arab coun tries that started in December 2010 in Tunisia were followed by questions about causes and effects of those revolts. Attention of the researchers was understandably concentrated on Arab countries but it seems that other Muslim countries were overlooked - the adjective "Arab" superceded "Muslim" in the name of this widespread movement. This paper aims at proving that the process that culminated in the Arab Spring have not started in Tunisia in December 2010 but in Pakistan in 2007 and 2008.

"From medium to meaning". O propagandowych środkach wyrazu w filmie "Triumf woli" Leni Riefenstahl

Author(s): Małgorzata Laskowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2020

The main purpose of this paper is to determine the most frequently used propaganda forms of expression in the film Triumph of the Will by Leni Riefenstahl. This research target may be presented in the form of the following questions: Which propaganda forms of expression have been used in the film? Which symbols have been used to convey the message in Leni Riefenstahl’s film? The answers to these questions will be interpreted in the context of Stewart M. Hoover’s theory “from medium to meaning.” Its author paid attention to the essential question: To what extent do media convey meaning? To what extent do they give meaning to a phenomenon? Analogically, a question may be asked, with reference to Riefenstahl’s film: to what extent her film might have given meaning to the Nazi propaganda? What was the role of cinema in Adolf Hitler’s policy and in popularising his views? The article is a review paper. Its indirect goal is to draw attention to the transfer of meaning in audiovisual communication.

"GLOCALIZATION" OF SHAOXING CITY IN CHINA: INDIAN EVIDENCE

Author(s): Ling Li / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

As the biggest textile cluster in southeast China, Shaoxing is described as a low-end globalization city with many international businessmen here. Indians play an important role in such markets to transport huge quantities of goods not only to their local bazaars but also to West Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. This paper aims to explore Indian’s perception and interpretation of the image of Shaoxing city as they live and do business there. Word association testing and semi-structured interview are utilized to triangulate the research results. Based on the weighting statistics and thematic analysis of semi-structured interview, the paper concludes that Indian’s perception of Shaoxing city, largely positive with small negative voices, shows a fail “glocalization” tendency that requires strengthening cultural exchanges between local residents and Indians.

"Лошите кредити": институционални и финансови аспекти, 1994

Author(s): Christina Vutcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 1994

Since the beginning of 1991 Bulgaria has been living through a period of transition from centralized totalitarian control to free market economy. Year 1990 can be said to mark the political liberation of the people with the adoption of the new Constitution. The economic liberalization, however, is a reality yet to be brought to life since private ownership is not prevalent in the economy. The prime aim of the transition is to substitute an absurd and inefficient economic system for a new one to rely on the free initiative, private ownership and competition.

#ISLAM #MUZUŁMANKA – ANALIZA SPOSOBÓW WYKORZYSTANIA MEDIÓW SPOŁECZNOŚCIOWYCH JAKO GŁOSU NIESŁYSZANYCH

Author(s): Maria Stojkow / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2020

The purpose of the article is to analyse Muslim groups in social media in terms of the functions they play in thelives of Muslims, especially the Muslim women living in Poland. The Muslim community is not significant inPoland, so interpersonal contacts in real life may be difficult. Muslims, especially Muslim women experienceoppression and discrimination in everyday life, so the Internet can be a place where they will seek understandingand support as well as a way to solve their own problems. There are potentially many areas where the Internet,and especially social media will support Muslim women. To discover them, the contents of selected Facebookgroups targeted at Muslims and Muslim women will be analysed.

#METOO IN POLISH THEATRE EDUCATION

Author(s): Monika Kwaśniewska-Mikuła / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2020

This article discusses the #metoo movement in the Polish theatre. The author, referring to the thesis by Agnès Grossmann, notes that just like in the cinema, in which #metoo was initiated, the theatre reproduces images of women subjected to the male gaze. She then looks at how this problem of representation translates into the working conditions of women in the theatre. The paper presents the current state of research and actions regarding violence (including sexual violence) in theatres around the world. Applying these considerations to Poland, the author writes how this problem resonates with the situation of women in Poland. In the context of the theatre, the location of substantive and practical preparation for #metoo were theatre schools. Surveying events in the two most important and prestigious centres of theatre education, the author first makes a diagnosis of existing problems and then examines the process of combating them through the prism of Sarah Ahmed's concept of “walls” and the affective theory of paranoia and reparation according to Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick

(Un)real estate. Online staging of investment-driven housing projects in Vienna

Author(s): Anita Aigner / Language(s): English / Issue: Spec 8/2020

If we want to understand why housing is increasingly becoming a global investment product and the subject of surplus consumption, we must also look at the advertising infrastructures and image products that have been profoundly transformed by new digital technologies. This article examines the promotional staging of luxury and investment apartments using the example of websites that advertise upscale new construction projects in Vienna. The central question is how, and with which forms of aesthetic staging, processes of emotional and temporal entanglement are set in motion. For the analysis, Gernot Böhme’s theory of aesthetic economy and concepts of ANT-informed economic sociology are used. It is argued that breathtakingly realistic architectural renderings should not only be seen as representations, but as ‘market devices’ which, together with the technical-digital environment in which they are embedded, (co-)shape our affects, our desire and our consumer behaviour. The aesthetic work that is invested in the online staging of residential real estate does not simply serve to better imagine buildings not yet built, but rather to sell apartments at an ever earlier date – thus to accelerate the capital turnover.

A Case Study into the Motivations, Challenges and Opportunities in Crowdfunding: An Entrepreneurial Perspective

Author(s): Chun Yan Wang,Kate Johnston,Maeve Caraher / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

This case describes the motivation, challenges, and opportunities the founder of an innovative cycling product experienced as he attempted to use crowdfunding as a platform to establish and grow his business idea. The case begins with a brief overview of how the entrepreneur came up with the idea and the journey from product concept to product launch. The decision to crowdfund the idea is explained and the challenges and opportunities in trying to navigate the crowdfunding arena are explored; from selecting a suitable crowdfunding platform to the launch and management of the final campaign. Despite the fact the campaign failed to raise the funding target, the media coverage from the crowdfunding campaign led to a number of significant business avenues, which ultimately helped launch the product onto the marketplace. The case examines these events and closes as the entrepreneur reflects on the lessons learnt from the experience and his advice going forward to anyone considering crowdfunding.

A culture of secularity? The phenomenon of non-religion in 21st century Portuguese society and politics

Author(s): Jorge Botelho Moniz / Language(s): English / Issue: 53/2019

This paper aims to study the causes of the growth of non-religious people in Portugal, focusing mainly in the first decade and a half of the 21st-century. In order to understand this phenomenon, we turn to the theories of secularization and secularity, since they give us, within this specific regional context, relevant theoretical and empirical tools to analyze the object of our study. Within secularization, we investigate the development of the processes of rationalization, societalization and existential security that have been taking place in the country. In regard to secularity, we examine the development and legal, political and social implementation of a set of (secular) guiding ideas, such as morality polices, which help to create a singular culture of secularity in the country. We conclude that there is a correlation between the growth of non-religious people and the development of a specific and hegemonic secular culture.

A félproletár háztartás a modern világrendszer longue durée-je folyamán

Author(s): Wilma A. Dunaway / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 24/2018

Wilma A. Dunaway is a researcher affiliated with the Fernand Braudel Center Research Working Group on Households, Labor Force Formation and the World-Economy. A particular conception of the household, helping to grasp the process of the accumulation of capital at world-system level, was developed in this working group, as a result of the critiques of Wallerstein’s early historical works. This conception, also applied in this study, exposes the household as the fundamental site for the reproduction of the labor force, which combines various forms of labor, and integrates into the capitalist world-system by maintaining hierarchy between these forms. Through the maintenance of this hierarchy, the household allows capitalists to extract surplus from the household itself, and renders the reproductive or informal labor of women publicly invisible. Here, Dunaway puts forward a systematic analysis of how these two processes take place.

A Feminist Analysis: Sexual Violence in the Bosnian War (1992-1995)

Author(s): Özgenur Çaputlu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its ef-fects on Yugoslavian women. Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its effects on Yugoslavian women.

A gondoskodás újraszervezése

Gyakorlati válaszok a gondoskodási válságra

Author(s): Noémi Katona,Loren László,Andrea Czerván / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 27/2020

The starting point of our paper is that the capitalist socioeconomic system treats life-reproducing reproductive work and one of its forms, care as free resources, as individual responsibilities, placing their costs on families and households, especially women. The low level of state engagement and the emergence of for-profit market services further exacerbate the crisis of care as well as inequalities in care. In the paper, we first introduce grassroots cooperatives and initiatives in the field of elderly care and child care that revalue and reorganize care in a participatory, democratic and solidarity-based way in order to strengthen carers as well as those with care needs, and to improve the quality of their lives. These include workers’ (carers’) cooperatives, users’ cooperatives (cooperatives of people with care needs), multistakeholder cooperatives and mothers’ centers, the communities of women with small children. We then introduce political movements struggling for the systemic transformation of reproductive work and care. We argue that the institutions of care should be owned and controlled by communities, while the state should continue to play a coordinating, funding and regulatory role in meeting needs and recognizing care work.

A háziasszony és munkája a kapitalizmusban

Author(s): Wally Seccombe / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 24/2018

One of the significant figures of the “domestic-labour debate” in the United States of the 1970s was Wally Seccombe, who was among the firsts to understand the centrality of housewives’ labour to capitalism through Marxist terminology. He consistently applied the value theory of labour to the reproduction of labour itself, challenging both Marxist and bourgeois economic approaches which did not consider domestic labour as a structural part of the capitalist mode of production, and therefore participated in making the labour and position of housewives ‘invisible’. For Seccombe, the fundamental and unsolved duality of domestic labour is that while it constantly creates value through the reproduction of commodified labour, it is not recognized as productive labour since it is not directly related to capital and does not produce surplus value. Therefore, domestic 258 FORDULAT 24 labour is not renumerated by any wage, which has important consequences for the social position, conscience and possibilities of the housewife. Reproductive work necessary for the sustainment of her husband, her children and herself is presented as a natural female obligation and charity, masking the fundamental deception of capitalism that wage is in fact not meant to be for labour, but for the reproduction of the labour force. Domestic labour signifies her total material dependence from her husband and her isolation from the public sphere, which together limit her possibilities to represent her own interests and to take part in collective resistance. Between the industrial and the domestic domain lies therefore the most remarkable fault line of the working class, which turns members of the same household silently against each other and excludes housewives from the sphere of collective organization and struggle.

A kapitalocén – avagy mibe kerül az olcsó természet?

Author(s): Attila Szigeti / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 25/2019

In the last decades the Capitalocene discourse was emerging in the Marxist ecological thinking. This approach offers a sociohistorical explanation to the current ecological crisis by questioning the historical narrative of the Anthropocene discourse. Authors of Capitalocene are arguing that climate change and ecological crisis was not caused by the collective and homogenous humanity (predetermined by the human nature). According them capitalism’s accumulative and expropriative socioeconomic relations are responsible for climate crisis.This paper analysis how Capitalocene-arguments are applying the Marxist critique of capitalism, especially the labour theory of value and its contemporary expansions and corrections in the understanding of the current ecological crisis. The first two subchapters are summarizing World-Ecology theory of Jason W. Moore, than I interpret the debate of Moore with the Metabolic Rift school (John Bellamy Foster, Paul Burkett, Andreas Malm and others), and finally I analyse the possible normative ecopolitics from the theoretical perspective of Capitalocene.In the last decades the so-called Capitalocene discourse was emerging in the Marxist ecological thinking. This approach offers a sociohistorical explanation of the current ecological crisis by questioning the historical narrative of the Anthropocene discourse. Authors of Capitalocene are arguing that climate change and ecological crisis were not caused by the collective and homogenous humanity (predetermined by the human nature) in general. According them capitalism’s accumulative and expropriative socioeconomic relations are responsible for climate crisis.This paper analysis how Capitalocene-arguments are applying the Marxist critique of capitalism, especially the labour theory of value and its contemporary expansions and corrections in the understanding of the current ecological crisis. The first two subsections are summarizing World-Ecology theory of Jason W. Moore, than the paper interprets the debate of Moore with the Metabolic Rift school (John Bellamy Foster, Paul Burkett, Andreas Malm and others), and finally it analyses the possible normative ecopolitics from the theoretical perspective of Capitalocene.

A Kárpát-medencei magyarok életminőségének összehasonlító elemzése

Author(s): Zsombor Csata,Gyöngyi Schwarcz,Márton Péti,Mátyás Borbély / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2021

The study is a descriptive analysis of the economic and social determinants of well-being among the Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin. Empirically, it is based on a survey conducted in 2018–2019 in Hungary and in the four regions with the largest Hungarian population outside of Hungary (Transylvania in Romania, southern Slovakia, Vojvodina in Serbia, and Transcarpathia in Ukraine). The conceptual framework of the study draws mainly from substantive economics, according to which the premise of social development is not economic growth per se, but the improvement of people’s quality of life. The results show that there is a positive relationship between EU membership and the quality of life of Hungarians living in the Carpathian Basin: general welfare indicators score higher in southern Slovakia, Hungary, and Transylvania, and significantly lower in Vojvodina and especially in Transcarpathia. The differences are more spectacular in employment conditions and in terms of income. The study also reveals that economic activity and a better financial situation are essential but not exclusive determinants of quality of life and that their role is more important in providing comfort and helping people make ends meet. In addition to the financial aspects, people’s health conditions, whether they live in a long-term relationship, and whether they can count on the help of their friends and relatives in critical situations also have an important influence. In general, welfare benefits are also related to higher education as well as to proficiency in English and in the language of the ethnic majority.

A kritikaiság végessége

Esettanulmány egy spontán iskolai szerveződésről

Author(s): Gábor Vályi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 28/2021

In relation to the school, be it a public or private institution, there is a general idea that suggests that all educational institutions that perform public tasks play an important role in education for democracy (Jakab and Varga 2007). Several literature describing the basics for the practitioners of the profession formulate ethical and aesthetic guidelines, recommendations for heads of institutions, school practices for teachers from this somewhat idealized basic position (Education International 2019, National Environmental Education Strategy 2019). The case study presents, on the one hand, an institution that, with its specific profile, refutes this one-dimensional school concept mentioned above, and on the other hand, provides insight into its internal logic, re-ideologized communication, a problem lasting several years, and student and parent action. The repression that will be explained below and the practitioners in this case can be identified in this case, they will not be abstracted, they will not become faceless in an opaque superstructure. On the contrary, people practice extreme forms of oppression with whom students are forced to come into contact and cooperate on a day-to-day basis during their school years.

A kultúra közjó

Author(s): Virág Buka,Kristóf Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 27/2020

This article focuses on the emergence of the paradigm of solidarity economy and of the commons in the field of professional cultural production. We unfold the possible mutual cooperation of cultural producers and commoning social movements by examining the case studies of the Resonate music streaming co-op and of the Dutch Stad in de Maak housing-initiative. The case of the Resonate exemplifies how cultural producers can reorganize their industry in a cooperative way to hinder capitalist value extraction. Another type of encounter takes place between culture and commons when cultural producers utilize their knowledge and skills in various solidarity economy projects. We demonstrate this possibility through the case of the Rotterdam-based Stad in the Maak, where the artist-architect founders launched a long-term community housing initiative.

A lakhatási válságra adott közösségi válaszok

Bérlői lakásszövetkezetek Magyarországon?

Author(s): Csaba Jelinek,Zsuzsanna Pósfai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 27/2020

Since the crisis of 2008, housing is yet again and increasingly becoming a form of profitable financial investment. This tends to dominate over the claim that each person has the need and the right to access affordable, good quality housing. Across the globe this tendency is intensified by state policies as well. However, bottom-up initiatives organizing themselves for collective housing solutions are also gaining ground. These self-organized, „self-help” models open the possibility for economically vulnerable social groups to support each other in finding solutions for their housing problems, and also to collectively access resources that would individually be impossible to reach. This paper presents such an alternative housing solution, notably the model of rental-based housing cooperatives. Rental housing cooperatives are institutions organized in a bottom-up manner with the aim of providing affordable, good quality and stable housing for their members. We discuss two examples from Germany and from Uruguay for successful rental housing cooperative networks, which have existed for several decades. Finally, we present the steps which have been taken in the past years in Hungary and in the Eastern European region towards the establishment of such a model.

A LITERATURE REVIEW ON LEFT-BEHIND CHILDREN

Author(s): Alina T. Costin / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Globally, the number of people migrating in search of a better job has increased considerably: over one billion people live outside their country, migration becoming a social phenomenon with a very strong impact on children left in care to a grandfather, relative or even an institution. There is no total consensus on the impact that separation from a working parent away from home has on children, due to the complexity of the variables that act, namely the child's personality, resilience, social context, coping strategies used, cultural role of the migrating parent, the age at which the child remains alone, as depicted in the scientifical literature. The present study represents a literature review aiming to highlight the main conclusions driven from recent research on the issue of the left-behind children. We have consulted 40 papers recently published in Elsevier, Medline, Springer, Wiley, and Web of Science databases. The psychological and emotional impact of the left-behind children (CLB) as well as the impact on school performance caused by parental migration were the main topics analyzed.

A Look at a Small Southern Country: Uruguay

Author(s): Adriana Peluffo / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

Praca została poświęcona Urugwajowi, niewielkiemu państwu położonemu w Ameryce Łacińskiej, między dwoma dużymi sąsiadami: Argentyną i Brazylią. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane informacje społeczno-ekonomiczne i historyczne. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono sektorowi rolnemu i specjalizacji eksportowej, które są od dawna ważnymi czynnikami wzrostu gospodarczego kraju. W ostatnim czasie podobną rolę zaczęły odgrywać usługi. Druga część artykułu w całości poświęcona jest obecnej sytuacji, związanej z pandemią COVID-19, która rozpoczęła się w marcu 2019 r. W artykule przedstawiono sposoby radzenia sobie z pandemią w dziedzinie zdrowia i ekonomii. Artykuł kończy się pytaniami o prespektywy zakończenia pandemii i dalszego rozwoju gospodarczego kraju.