"Arabska" czy "muzułmańska" wiosna ludów? Przemiany polityczno - społeczne w Pakistanie a arabska wiosna

Author(s): Joanna Modrzejewska-Leśniewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

The massive anti -regime demonstrations in Arab coun tries that started in December 2010 in Tunisia were followed by questions about causes and effects of those revolts. Attention of the researchers was understandably concentrated on Arab countries but it seems that other Muslim countries were overlooked - the adjective "Arab" superceded "Muslim" in the name of this widespread movement. This paper aims at proving that the process that culminated in the Arab Spring have not started in Tunisia in December 2010 but in Pakistan in 2007 and 2008.

"COFOLA INTERNATIONAL 2016. Resolution of International Disputes Public Law in the Context of Immigration Crisis

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The conference “COFOLA = Conference for Young Lawyers” is annualy organized by the Masaryk University, Faculty of Law from 2007. The main aim of this conference is to give floor to the doctoral students and young scientists at their early stage of career and enable them to present the results of their scientific activities. Since 2013 COFOLA has been enriched by special part called “COFOLA INTERNATIONAL”. COFOLA INTERNATIONAL focuses primarily on issues of international law and the regulation of cross-border relations and is also oriented to doctoral students and young scientists from foreign countries.

"FAKE-NEWS" И ЕГО РОЛЬ В КОНСТРУИРОВАНИИ БУДУЩЕГО ОБЩЕСТВА. КРИЗИС ГОСУДАРСТВА, ОБЩЕСТВА, ИНСТИТУТОВ

Author(s): Sergey Bolshakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

This article analyzes the most important political, social, ethical problems of modern society – lies in the media, “fake news” as an indicator of the degradation of the media, civil society institutions, and the authorities. The article analyzes the information processes of modern society, states the influence of fake news on political processes. The article reveals the importance of the political culture of society and the negative perception of fake news. This phenomenon is considered in the context of the informational picture of the world, the need of the authorities to abuse the institution of journalism as an agent of influence and manipulation of public opinion. The study notes the role of the linguistic factor in the implementation of the functions of manipulating society, reducing the level of citizens' trust in the state. The article attempts to reveal the role of social networks in promoting fake news. On the example of the secondary interpretation of the results of a sociological survey in the United States, the negative perception of fake news by society is revealed. The survey results indicate the growth of inequality and prejudice in society. The article concludes about the social turbulence of the processes of modern society.

"From medium to meaning". O propagandowych środkach wyrazu w filmie "Triumf woli" Leni Riefenstahl

Author(s): Małgorzata Laskowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2020

The main purpose of this paper is to determine the most frequently used propaganda forms of expression in the film Triumph of the Will by Leni Riefenstahl. This research target may be presented in the form of the following questions: Which propaganda forms of expression have been used in the film? Which symbols have been used to convey the message in Leni Riefenstahl’s film? The answers to these questions will be interpreted in the context of Stewart M. Hoover’s theory “from medium to meaning.” Its author paid attention to the essential question: To what extent do media convey meaning? To what extent do they give meaning to a phenomenon? Analogically, a question may be asked, with reference to Riefenstahl’s film: to what extent her film might have given meaning to the Nazi propaganda? What was the role of cinema in Adolf Hitler’s policy and in popularising his views? The article is a review paper. Its indirect goal is to draw attention to the transfer of meaning in audiovisual communication.

"GLOCALIZATION" OF SHAOXING CITY IN CHINA: INDIAN EVIDENCE

Author(s): Ling Li / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

As the biggest textile cluster in southeast China, Shaoxing is described as a low-end globalization city with many international businessmen here. Indians play an important role in such markets to transport huge quantities of goods not only to their local bazaars but also to West Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. This paper aims to explore Indian’s perception and interpretation of the image of Shaoxing city as they live and do business there. Word association testing and semi-structured interview are utilized to triangulate the research results. Based on the weighting statistics and thematic analysis of semi-structured interview, the paper concludes that Indian’s perception of Shaoxing city, largely positive with small negative voices, shows a fail “glocalization” tendency that requires strengthening cultural exchanges between local residents and Indians.

"Nie wiemy, co czynimy"- cztery wymiary niewidoczności: esej socjologiczny na kanwie protestów proaborcyjnych

Author(s): Katarzyna Zybertowicz,Andrzej Zybertowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (7)/2021

All social actions as well as their interpretations are subject to four types of invisibility: psychological, strategic, sociological, and civilizational. The text characterizes these invisibilities in order to interpret the Polish pro-abortion protests in response to the Constitutional Court ruling. Key findings. The authorities ruling Poland since 2015 have made a “sociological” mistake of overestimating the commitment of Polish society to conservative values. On the other hand, the progressive circles have made a mistake of civilizational nature unreflexively betting on a political form that in the West undergoes a serious crisis. It is impossible to understand the broad scale and high dynamics of the protests without taking into account the cognitive and moral disorientation brought by the digital phase of global capitalism. The irremovable character of the mentioned types of invisibility means that in modern, complex and conflicted societies no social force, no ideology (but also no social theory) can claim the right to exclusively represent the social whole.

"Rasa drapieżców" w cyberświecie

Wstęp do analizy zjawiska

Author(s): Urszula Jarecka,Paweł Fortuna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2021

This essay considers how technologically based cultural transformations impact the shaping of individual and collective identities, including “digital identities.” The extension of the human cognitive system by means of the Internet and digital artefacts has produced the potential to shape multidimensional and dynamic identities (e.g., in the form of “communities” created ad hoc on the web), as well as artificial-intelligence “identity” processes accompanying commercial applications. In the context of these processes, the author discusses how the attitudes of “predatory” Internet users are formed, the problems of the victims of such activities, and the potential threats in relation to the development of AI. The author uses an interdisciplinary theoretical approach (sociology, psychology, research on AI) to analyse these phenomena. The research material consists of the content of media messages (including films and documentary series, Internet journalism on online behaviour and texts popularising AI, and content posted on social media).

"Romanii ar trebui sa isi spuna deschis parerea despre autonomia asa-zisului tinut secuiesc”

Author(s): Pop Lucreía / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2012

Interviu cu domnul prof. univ. dr. IOAN SABAU POP

"Sоциологи в белом": конструирование профессиональной позиции в медицинском поле

Author(s): Anastasia Novkunskaya,Daria Litvina,Anna Temkina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

This article presents research reflections on the fieldwork conducted in a medical organization in Russia. We emphasize how our professional positioning in the field was changing as a result of the ethnographic immersion into the empirical work. Addressing the insider/outsider dilemma and testing some of the feminist principles of interactions with research participants, we find that we neither become “insiders” nor remain “outsiders” in the organization we study but obtain a temporary position of svoi (literally,”ours”) for its “inhabitants.” We focus on the construction of our own positioning in the field, which is accomplished through the participants’ perception of and interactions with us: they identify, examine, (un)dress, and trust (or do not trust) us. We believe that the “making” of the feminist sociologist is accomplished through the process of research reflection and care happening in the field. We use the metaphor “a sociologist in white” (as an allusion to the classic 1960s book Boys in White: Student Culture in Medical School) to denote this particular kind of positioning of the researcher. The article is written in an experimental format: In the first (analytical) part we discuss the basic principles that help to analyze the experience of being a researcher in the medical field. In the second, “operational” part we reconstruct conditions in which the research and our professional positions have become the subject of our reflections as well as the reflections of other participants of the study. In the article we reconstruct conditions and situations of the actual fieldwork and, drawing on our individual experiences, show different interpretations of our professional positions.

"Войната на световете" - културен скрипт или предстояща криза?

Author(s): Dimitar Panchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article aims to provide a few examples from the fictional literature, film industry and computer games, all of which directly address the problem of collision between worlds that are incommeasurable. The main suggestion is that the conflict between them can be resolved only through the complete destruction of one of those worlds. This will be the starting point for the analysis of the so-called „clash of civilizations” theme, which was documented during the media monitoring carried out in October 2015. The main argument of the article is that the construction of a generalized negative image of the Other and its systematic exclusion from access to the order of discourse in its essence can become a „self-fulfilling prophecy” (borrowing the term from Robert C. Merton), i.e. this Other becomes the bearer of a crisis which, prior to that, has been ascribed as essential to him. In this way the marginalized elements of society do not have any alternative exit but to be who they are, in line with their ascribed negative identity.

"Лошите кредити": институционални и финансови аспекти, 1994

Author(s): Christina Vutcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian

Since the beginning of 1991 Bulgaria has been living through a period of transition from centralized totalitarian control to free market economy. Year 1990 can be said to mark the political liberation of the people with the adoption of the new Constitution. The economic liberalization, however, is a reality yet to be brought to life since private ownership is not prevalent in the economy. The prime aim of the transition is to substitute an absurd and inefficient economic system for a new one to rely on the free initiative, private ownership and competition.

#ISLAM #MUZUŁMANKA – ANALIZA SPOSOBÓW WYKORZYSTANIA MEDIÓW SPOŁECZNOŚCIOWYCH JAKO GŁOSU NIESŁYSZANYCH

Author(s): Maria Stojkow / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The purpose of the article is to analyse Muslim groups in social media in terms of the functions they play in thelives of Muslims, especially the Muslim women living in Poland. The Muslim community is not significant inPoland, so interpersonal contacts in real life may be difficult. Muslims, especially Muslim women experienceoppression and discrimination in everyday life, so the Internet can be a place where they will seek understandingand support as well as a way to solve their own problems. There are potentially many areas where the Internet,and especially social media will support Muslim women. To discover them, the contents of selected Facebookgroups targeted at Muslims and Muslim women will be analysed.

#METOO AND US POLITICS: ANALYSING THE TWITTER CONVERSATION

Author(s): Vittoria Bernardini / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The #MeToo movement has had a profound cultural impact on US society, and notably on US party politics. While many studies have addressed the #MeToo-related controversy arising from the Brett Kavanaugh nomination to Supreme Court Justice in 2018, the relationship between #MeToo and US politics before this event has remained understudied. This article, therefore, addresses this gap by looking at the role of politics at the beginning of the #MeToo movement. Focusing on the first six months of online activity on Twitter (October 2017 – April 2018), over 2 million tweets with the #MeToo hashtag are analyzed to identify the main activity patterns across the dataset and to gain insight on user behavior and participation in the conversation. Results point to the weaponization of #MeToo in the political context from its inception. It is suggested that #MeToo reflects the polarized political climate in the US and that it can be conceptualized as part of the wider “culture wars” (Hunter 1991) that characterize the public debate.

#METOO IN POLISH THEATRE EDUCATION

Author(s): Monika Kwaśniewska-Mikuła / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2020

This article discusses the #metoo movement in the Polish theatre. The author, referring to the thesis by Agnès Grossmann, notes that just like in the cinema, in which #metoo was initiated, the theatre reproduces images of women subjected to the male gaze. She then looks at how this problem of representation translates into the working conditions of women in the theatre. The paper presents the current state of research and actions regarding violence (including sexual violence) in theatres around the world. Applying these considerations to Poland, the author writes how this problem resonates with the situation of women in Poland. In the context of the theatre, the location of substantive and practical preparation for #metoo were theatre schools. Surveying events in the two most important and prestigious centres of theatre education, the author first makes a diagnosis of existing problems and then examines the process of combating them through the prism of Sarah Ahmed's concept of “walls” and the affective theory of paranoia and reparation according to Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick

#ZOSTAŃWDOMU przed ekranem

Rynek płatnych serwisów VOD w kontekście pandemii wywołanej wirusem SARS-COV-2

Author(s): Katarzyna Piórecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4 (6)/2020

The article’s main goal was to show the impact of novel coronavirus pandemic on the video-on-demand market and its social consequences. The author argues that the phenomenon of mass social isolation imposed by governments all across the world can be seen not as an exemption form otherwise steady media market, but rather as an acceleration of changes, which began to form as early as 40 years ago. Among the most prominent developments which happened during those 4 decades on the television market is the rise of VOD platforms such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video or even HBO GO, and their gradual dominance over traditional agents such as film studios and TV stations. The #Stayathome movement which is the result of mass social distancing, like no other phenomenon before SARS-CoV-2 pandemic shows that the once mainstream model of media consumption based on the so-called top-down approach is gradually stepping down. In its place a new model is currently forming. One that is based on users’ preferences, recommendations obtained from gathered data and personalisation of media messages. In order to fully understand the true impact of mentioned process and to predict its possible outcomes there is a need to study media market not only from the economic or legal point of view, but also maybe more importantly, from the perspective of modern societies and VOD platforms. The example of changes arising in the light of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, their multiplicity and diversity of fields from the impact on human behavior and everyday practices to government or EU-imposed laws and directives, shows in consequence the complexity of modern media market.

(Не)Хомосексуалната другост

Author(s): Radoslav Dayarski / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article aims to show the homosexual figure as an exclusion and self-exclusion from social reality in the patriarchal-masculine society. This will help to consider the homosexual individual beyond the division of sexual categories and will construct the perspective of those individuals who have ‘self-excluded’ themselves. A perspective that places the heterosexual figure in a position dominated by gay desires, gay individuals and gay discourse – a reversed look through which the heterosexual image is the Other of the person who self-identifies as the Other’s Other through a certain categorical imperative. For the purposes of analysis, I will show the homosexual discourse that reflects on the dominant heterosexist and homophobic discourse and in turn performs a symbolic struggle. I argue that symbolic social acts reproduce discoursive discrimination by the homosexual individual, as well as hate speech from/to the homosexual field triggered by the auto-identified role of being dominated. In this way I will construct two main lines – the discourse of the heterosexual towards the homosexual; and, reversely, the discourse of the homosexual, which has incorporated in itself a ‘hater’ discourse of the stereotyped image of the homosexual and its relationship to the heterosexual. My thesis will be as follows: the disclosure of homosexual otherness is noticeable in the discourses of gay organizations, which through an enforced political discourse reproduce the homoerotic/homophobic male canon of socio-cultural domination.

18+. Knjiga o nešto drugačijim muškarcima

Author(s): Jozo Blažević,Feđa Bobić,Saša Gavrić,Jasmina Čaušević / Language(s): Bosnian

Kada smo 2010. godine krenuli da radimo za i sa lezbejkama, gejevima, biseksualnim i trans* osobama, suočili smo se vrlo brzo sa činjenicom da su život i svakodnevnica ovih grupa u potpunosti nevidljivi u Bosni i Hercegovini. Kroz rad sa zajednicom mnogo puta smo se uvjerili da su gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci diskriminirani na razne načine u heteronormativnom društvu. Sa druge strane, i u okviru same LGBT zajednice, određene grupe muškaraca se suočavaju sa predrasudama. Biseksualnost se često smatra nepostojanom i prelaznom fazom ka homoseksualnosti, a o transrodnosti, transeksualnosti i transvestiji se ponekad govori kroz podsmjeh i prezir i u okviru LGBT zajednice. Gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci su najčešće u BiH vidljivi samo u kontekstu nasilja i diskriminacije. Sarajevski otvoreni centar želi da učini vidljivim specifičnosti svake od ovih grupa muškaraca, da ih na taj način osnaži i pruži im prostor da ispričaju svoje priče o identitetima, različitosti, neprihvatanju ili prihvatanju, priče o svojim unutrašnjim svjetovima, maštanjima, žudnji, strahovima, stidu, strasti, slobodi, oprezu, hrabrosti i, konačno, coming outu. Upravo zbog toga je nastala i ova knjiga. 18+. Knjiga o nešto drugačijim muškarcima predstavlja nastavak našeg nastojanja da dokumentujemo, prikažemo, i što široj javnosti približimo LGBT svakodnevnicu. Objavljivanjem knjige Više od etikete. O ženama koje vole žene početkom 2013. predstavili smo „žensku“ perspektivu, dok je ova knjiga njen „muški“ pandan. Knjiga se sastoji iz četiti dijela. U prvom dijelu Mladen Lakić daje pregled 15 intervjua, koje su Jozo Blažević, Feđa Bobić i Jasmina Čaušević vodili sa parovima i pojedincima. Gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci govore o svojoj seksualnosti, vezama i mnogim drugim aspektima nešto drugačije muške svakodnevnice. Nakon toga, u integralnoj formi predstavljamo intervju sa Mirnesom Kubatom Vanillom. Uvjerite se i sami zašto je ova priča jedinstvena. U trećem poglavlju donosimo lične coming out priče, dok nam u četvrtom dijelu Ivan Šunjić pruža prostorno-vremenski analitičko-teorijski pogled na seksualnost, identitete i proces kakav je coming out. Umjetnički radovi nešto drugačijih muškaraca – fotografije, slike i grafike, na vizuelan način upotpunjuju knjigu pričajući svoje priče. Takođe, u knjizi se nalaze i dokumentarističke fotografije slovenske fotografkinje Tanje Ristić, i na ovom mjestu joj se najtoplije zahvaljujemo što nam je ustupila svoj rad na korištenje. Kao inicijator ovog projekta, želim da se srdačno zahvalim svojim ko-priređivačima i priređivačici: Jozi, Feđi i Jasmini bez kojih ovaj projekt možda nikada ne bi bio realizovan. Zahvalnost dugujem i Mladenu na autorskoj obradi i uobličavanju obilnog i inspirativnog materijala koji su intervjui obezbijedili, te Ivanu na smještanju knjige u savremene teorijske okvire kroz svoj pogovor. Hvala i Dini na lekturi, te Feđi, još jednom, na prelomu i dizajnu knjige. I za kraj, želimo se zahvaliti i Fondaciji Planet Romeo koja je podržala nastanak ove knjige, te Ambasadi Norveške u BiH koja je finansirala štampu.

1995-2015 - Women and Political Life in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): / Language(s): English

(English edition) While working on improving our program and portfolio on women’s human rights we quickly realized the absence of a detailed and visible account of “women’s” history in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although there are a significant number of publications and several activist initiatives that address certain fragments of history and explore events, periods of time, and regions, there is currently no exhaustive institutional account of women in Bosnia, nor are attempts being made to create one. The academic community has unfortunately failed in this area. The history of women and their contribution to public life remains at the margins of academic inquiry. The Sarajevo Open Centre published the book Women Documented: Women and Public Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th Century. The book was edited by Jasmina Čaušević, a program coordinator at the Sarajevo Open Centre, in cooperation with ten authors. Through publishing this book, the Sarajevo Open Centre and our partner organizations wanted to celebrate the centenary of the First World War in a different way. It was precisely the work on Women Documented that revealed to us the need for further work exploring women’s history in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We hope that our (virtual) museum of women’s history in Bosnia will eventually be institutionalized in Bosnian society. In November and December 2015, we will commemorate the 20-year anniversary of the Dayton Peace Accords – the international agreement that brought peace to Bosnia and Herzegovina and laid the foundations for the long and grueling process of peace-making and trust-building. The Dayton Peace Process was, as this book will demonstrate, a classic example of male politics. The commemoration will, again, be dominated by men – Bosnian and Herzegovinian and world leaders. We decided to conduct this research and publish this book to challenge the male-dominated approach to memory. This publication aims to offer systematic insight into the role played by women in political life. Our goal is to offer a better understanding and a concise overview of political life over the past 20 years, based on the stories of a number of women - activists, politicians and institutional leaders - with the hope that it will inspire other authors to explore BiH political history during this period of time. Since this aspect of history is particularly under-researched, the very process of gathering information was challenging and so we welcome constructive criticism, comments, and suggestions for improvement and enrichment of this text. I would like to thank Marina, Arijana and Edita, who accepted to work with the Sarajevo Open Centre on this project. I would also like to thank my colleague Maida Zagorac, who has helped me immensely with her excellent oversight of both the technical and the substantive aspects of this text. I also owe thanks to the Embassy of Swiss Confederation in Bosnia and Herzegovina for supporting our work and the research of women’s history in Bosnia and Herzegovinian.

1995-2015: Žene i politički život u postdejtonskoj Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Gradeći i razvijajući program i organizacijski portfelj za ženska ljudska prava, brzo smo uvidjeli_e nedostatak intenzivnijeg i vidljivog tematizovanja ”ženske” istorije u Bosni i Hercegovini. Iako postoji veliki broj publikacija i nekoliko aktivističkih inicijativa koje obrađuju određene fragmente, pojave, periode ili regije, ne postoji institucionalizirano pamćenje niti se ono podstiče. Akademska zajednica je, nažalost, zakazala kada govorimo o ovoj temi. Istorija žena i njihov doprinos i dalje ostaju na marginama akademskog života.

85-VJETORI I LINDJES SË AKADEMIK PROF. DR. MARK TIRTËS

Author(s): Zymer Ujkan Neziri / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 51/2021

Mark Tirta u lind më 21 maj të vitit 1935 në Orosh të Mirditës, nga e ëma, Mrikë, mbesë e Prengë Pjetër Gjergjit, bajraktar i Kryezezit, Mirditë, dhe i ati, Nikollë, familje me traditë brez pas brezi në Orosh. Marku ka pasur 5 vëllezër: Pjetri, gjeolog; Gjoni, ushtarak, kolonel; Prenga, blegtor; Lleshi, punonjës në rezervat shtetërore; si dhe Ndoi, bujk, që ende jeton.