We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Bogdana Nawroczyńskiego bilans walki o państwowość, ziemie i język: na podstawie opracowania Nasza walka o szkołę polską 1901-1917
The following text is an analysis of the struggle for the independence of the Polish nation between the 19th and 20th centuries. This analysis takes an educational perspective and is based on a largely forgotten work of Bogdan Nawroczyński, Nasza walka o szkołę polską 1901-1917. When speaking about the freedom struggle one can distinguish between a more common meaning connected with military conflict, and a less common meaning connected with organic, cultural-based work. The second meaning is especially interesting due to the important role played by education therein. The organization of secret and official schooling in that period not only served to promote the spread of knowledge, but was also used for the rebuilding of the state. Nawroczyński's piece is also important from the point of view of contemporary problems and conflicts.
More...
Polish genre cinema in the time of Polish People’s Republic was in stagnation due to the sociopolitical situation. Limited access to the thriving foreign film industry suppressed a natural evolution within the genre cinema. However, the liberalization of stagnant and overly politicized rules in the communist film industry brought change in the 1980s.The government used to saw movies as a way to sell propaganda in the country. This cultural revolution was marked by the appearance of a new generation of directors, similar in some ways to American New Hollywood; rise of a VCR market and laxity of political restrictions.One of the best representatives of this progression is the Mr. Kleks movie trilogy. Adaptations of Jan Brzechwa’s cult book series: Academy of Mr. Kleks (1983), The Travels of Mr. Kleks (1985), Mr. Kleks in Space (1988). All of theme were directed by Krzysztof Gradowski. The series is a perfect example of a genre-melting pot. Something unprecedented in the Polish cinema.Although there are many radically different conventions in the story, the narrative is very coherent. The release of the first installment clearly marks the beginning of the transformation in the Polish film industry.In the article, I will present the ways in which the film genres are functioning in the Mr. Kleks movies and analyze how these highly original productions were part of a turbulent period of transformational change in communist Poland.
More...
In terms of gender studies and the history of women in art the author reproduces the biography of the entirely forgotten Russian artist Yulia Svechnikova-Belkovska (1874 - 1960) who came to Bulgaria with her husband Asen Belkovsky, her fellow-student from the Art School in Kazan, Russia, who was later to become a prominent artist. The article presents a thorough study of her life in Russia, Munich and Paris (1905 - 1906) until she finally settled down in Bulgaria (1907), as well as her life in the latter. Her life is closely related to her husband’s except for the academic schools attended by him only. Her artistic style is quite close to his, too: they share the same parallel development and eventually establish the style to be later named “Belkovsky". It contributes to the portrait and landscape painting, plenary sessions included, as well as the use of some impressionistic methods and a new modern approach to the sketch. The better use of the style, however, would be rather made by Asen Belkovsky as the more active and obliged one in a man’s world; Yulia Svechnikova would always remain in his shade. Still underdeveloped, the Bulgarian art marks the appearance of other women of artistic training; they were also married to Bulgarian artists, yet, in general, they didn’t aim at promotion and career in sacrifice to their husband's personal progress in a native environment. These women’s abandon of the ego and the neglect of talent could be characterized as the syndrome of the “echo-wife”, i.e., to deliberately mute one’s creativity and fully adopt the creative approach of the paragon as a man, husband and teacher, no matter of the equal good start of them both. This attitude isolates women and puts them in a marginal position at the beginning of XX century when women’s active creativity struggled for the recognition of not “essentially feminine art” only but rather to gain emancipation through the professional attributes of women’s art.
More...
Hashtag #oscarssowhite appeared early on in 2015 as a response to whitewashing and lack of diversity apparent in Oscar nominations. History of discrimination of minorities – racial, ethnical, gender and sexual – in American mainstream cinema is a long one. Article begins with a short introduction to the history of representation of black Americans in old Hollywood and then focuses on contemporary tendencies and strategies of racial representation prevalent in movies and television.
More...
The author of the text asks about locality of masculinity categories. He refers to the framework theories of Raewyn Connell, Pierre Bourdieu and Franco La Cecla and postulates attempt to create local model/local models of masculinity – similarly to glocal use of Edward Said’s theory (e.g. balkanization and postdependence). Autobiographical subjectivity, research of biographies of Polish men supporting emancipatory movements and attempts to write autobiographies and biographies of masculinity included in 19th and 20th-century intimate writing and fiction texts can be the grounds for such a masculinity model.
More...
1795–1918 Poland was partitioned by three invaders – Prussia (later German Empire), Russia and Austria and didn’t exist on political maps. The outbreak of the World War I woke hope for the rebirth of the Polish state among Poles, including those in the U.S.A. and Canada. During WWI over 20,000 volunteers of Polish origin went from North America to Europe to fight in the Polish Army in France (“Blue Army”) and in Polish-Bolshevik war (1919–1921). After Poland regained its statehood, over 14,000 soldiers re-turned to America. Most of them faced a dramatic situation – wounded, disabled, homeless and without their jobs, they didn’t receive any help from the state, because (according to law) they weren’t the U.S. veterans and therefore had no right to federal health care. Poland, considering them Americans, didn’t support them either. Consequently, the entire responsibility for helping the veterans took numerous Polish organizations in the USA. Some of them – like the Polish Army Veterans Association (PAVA, or in Polish Stowarzyszenie Weteranów Armii Polskiej w Ameryce, SWAP) – were founded just in this respect: to help the veterans. PAVA was established in 1921 in Cleveland, with many branches all around the country. It was a men’s organization whose main function was self-aid. Four years later, the PAVA Ladies’ Auxiliary Corps (Korpus Pomocniczy Pań SWAP), one of the most significant organizations, was created. The article presents the Corps’ activity, under Agnieszka Wisła. The organization has been focused on humanitarian and charity work and has distinguished itself enormously in this endeavor. Their tasks have been among others: caring for the disabled and the sick veterans; organizing help for the homeless and unemployed veterans – i.e. the establishing and maintaining the shelters and nursing homes; visiting the sick veterans in hospitals and nursing homes; raising money by organizing charity balls or exhibitions of their needlework; arranging various entertainment events in order to acquire funds for The Corps’ activities; participating in funerals and caring for the graves of Polish veterans; assisting in organization and taking part in patriotic events (like veterans’ parades, lectures and readings, organizing patriotic trips to Poland); organizing the “Cornflower Days” (Cornflower symbolizes the Blue Army), i.e. – raising funds not only among the Polonia but also among Americans of other origins. At some point of time (mainly in the 40. and in the 50.) there were few thousand members of the Corps working in America, for instance: in 1946 there were 4614 members, and in 1958 as many as 5079 members. Today Auxiliary Corps has about 250 members. Until today the Auxiliary Corps is one of the oldest, strongest and most dynamic Polish women's organizations in America. They have supported thousands of Polish veterans and their families with material as well as moral help for over 90 years now. Their history as well as history of the PAVA is commemorated at the Polish Military Heritage Museum in New York.
More...
The paper aims at reinterpreting the psychological insights on the formation of depression from the perspective of critical theories and tests the resulting model. In the first part of the paper based on Bourdieu’s, Giddens’, Habermas’, Honneth’s and Lash’s theories of social integration, an attempt is made to identify those network constellations, which simultaneously block goal attainment and veil the social components of the blocking. These distorted networks are considered to be contributing factors of the emergence of depression. In the second part of the paper based on the database of ESS 2012 the correspondence of such network distortions and depression is analyzed along with the causes of the adding up of various distortions.
More...
Post-independence Kosovo comes complete with a female president, a gender quota in parliament, a memorial devoted to women’s sacrifices during the war and art installations recognising the trauma of wartime rape in the country. Yet, just like Kosovo’s political independence, the status of women is not what it seems.
More...
The article aims to characterize the ego-centric interpersonal networks of the adult Hungarian population in detail in the context of previous survey results, mainly based on data gathered in the framework of the Hungarian National Research Fund study Integrative and disintegrative processes in Hungarian society in 2015. The dimensions in focus are: partnership relations, core discussion networks, friendship and weak ties. The analysis is dominantly descriptive, most often we only refer to longitudinal changes and attempt their causal explanation in forthcoming publications. We create a relationship typology and along with its description through socio-demographic characteristics we present its links to other dimensions of social integration and quality of life.
More...
The modern concept of the state dates its roots to the beginning of the Renaissance.Created at that time, the concept of ‘the national interest’ realized the existence of a sphere of rights and interests of a particular country, which must be protected in a particular way. To this end, national bodies responsible for protecting the rights and interests of the state were established. Despite the different conception of the state, the origins of institutions dealing with the legal protection of interests and rights of the state can be found in the Roman institution advocates fisci. Even then, numerous provisions governing the organization and functioning of the institution arose. In Poland the institution which deals with this king of protection is the State Treasury Solicitors’ Office. The object of this elaboration is to identify similarities and differences between those two institutions.
More...
Translation of the work "The triple crisis of sociology" by Iván Szelényi (2015)
More...
A születés, házasság, halál szokásvilágának lelki hátteréről
The psychic background of customs related to birth, marriage, and death attempts to approach rites of passage from a different point of view. As the title suggests, changes in social array cannot be interpreted as mere social phenomena. Life course transition points such as birth, marriage or death are preceded by relatively slow biological, psychological and spiritual processes, as well as by the process of social puberty. The writing posits that theories which regard customs only as changes in social array narrow or even exclude what latently influences the individual's everyday life. Earlier research on customs, including Arnold van Gennep's theory on rites, did not focus on the psychological, spiritual background of the transition points of human life, on the psychological motivations of rites and on their real humaneness. What these works concentrated on was mainly the organization, the "screen-script" of customs, mostly the visible aspects. As Zoltan Fejos points out, Gennep "lays stress on the changes in people's social array, thus he focuses on passage". Based on Gennep's theory on rites, our work makes an attempt to provide a more exhaustive analysis of rites, trying to interpret the antecedents (which are much earlier and more complex than they are presented in Gennep's theory), the later consequences and the sub-rites that can be identified within customs and rites of passage. Rites of passage are highlighted upon from the standpoint of desire and hope - the desire for leaving an old status and the hope to successfully pass and integrate into another. The book does not reject earlier classifications, but it provides an approach which tries to find universally human motivations that are underlying the socially, culturally and anthropologically based functionality of rites of passage. After a parallel and alternative presentation and analysis of birth, marriage and death, specific types of rites are identified and separated, which accompany the great periods of life course transitions such as rites of approach, bewitchment, release, purification or desire-breaking rites, etc. The book deals with the specific language and instruments of traditional customs - rites, rituals, symbols, signs with symbolic interpretations, superstitions - all being regarded as carriers of desire and hope, which, by means of their content and formal expression often bind the traditional rites of passage of Csikszentdomokos with the world, and, at the same time, separate them from the world, as they are local and specific - thus proving not only the universal cultural continuity of a community, but also its adaptation, individuality, its specific view on world and life. The author does not set as target to answer questions like who the customs, the rites or the superstitions of a Szeklo-Hungarian were borrowed from, who they have been transmitted to or who this culture has had influence on, but it tries to highlight the way the community experiences the great life course transition points with reflexes that comprise both universally human thoughts, sentiments, actions and local peculiarities. In other words, it looks for contact-points between universal, mythical and ceremonial systems, ranges of sentiments and symbols on the one hand; on the other hand, it tries to identify analogies between image and meanings on a microcosmic level. The writing also focuses on parallelisms and (sometimes shocking) similarities, which are pointed out in the footnotes.
More...
The article includes information on the types and forms of aggressive behavior and mechanisms of aggression in children. In addition, there are presented the assumptions of sociocognitive model of work with aggressive children. The paper is mainly addressed to people working with children, concerned about their aggressive behavior and aware the hitherto methods are not sufficiently effective.
More...
Autorka porusza tematykę rodzajów i form zachowań agresywnych oraz mechanizmów powstawania agresji u dzieci. Przedstawia także założenia społeczno-poznawczego modelu pracy z agresywnymi dziećmi. Artykuł skierowany jest przede wszystkim do osób pracujących z dziećmi, zaniepokojonych ich agresywnymi zachowaniami w sytuacji kiedy dotychczas wykorzystane metody pracy nie są wystarczająco efektywne.
More...
The aim of this analysis is an attempt to reproduce the recommendations addressed at parents concerning the negative impact of alcohol to children. Polish guidebooks forparents from the years 1918–1970 were used as the source material for the study. Prevention of children and young people’s addiction to alcohol was the main goal of considerations undertaken in guidebooks. Pregnant women were pointed out the consequences of alcohol for the developing fetus. Moreover, authors discussed the fate of children growing up in an alcoholic family. The fact that the first contact of children with alcohol often occurred during family meetings caused the need to emphasize the influence of adults on the development of addiction in children. Research of juvenile delinquency were cited to show not only the biological side effects of alcohol but also its social consequences.
More...
Alternatif Politika is an interdisciplinary international journal committed to publishing high-quality research papers in all areas of politics and international relations, as well as papers that cut across other disciplines such as cultural studies, geopolitics, and political economy. The journal's editorial philosophy is to support a pluralistic approach to the political science discipline and debate. The editor particularly welcomes submissions that are inventive in their approach, cross traditional disciplinary boundaries, evaluate the relationship between domestic and international politics, or offer comparative perspectives.
- The journal does not have article processing charges or submission charges. The authors are not paid royalties.
- The journal has high standards for peer reviewing in an effort to foster the most promising new perspectives and works and to encourage creative professional communication in political science. In this context, the journal uses "double-blind peer review" process for papers.
- This journal is an "open access" journal. All articles published in this journal are free for everyone to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of its articles.
- The journal will check plagiarism for all the articles before prior publication.
During the research, 241 interviews were made between 2007 and 2011. The interviewees were members of different social, gender, and age groups, with different world-views, social status and political attitudes. Their common denominator was the representation of any alternative life strategies compared to the profit- and success-oriented mainstraim. The hypothesis of the authors was that these ˮalternative” people have further common attributes, which play an important role in the social integration process, too. The article summarizes the typical (integrative) values of these alternative life strategies.
More...