"Arabska" czy "muzułmańska" wiosna ludów? Przemiany polityczno - społeczne w Pakistanie a arabska wiosna

Author(s): Joanna Modrzejewska-Leśniewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2014

The massive anti -regime demonstrations in Arab coun tries that started in December 2010 in Tunisia were followed by questions about causes and effects of those revolts. Attention of the researchers was understandably concentrated on Arab countries but it seems that other Muslim countries were overlooked - the adjective "Arab" superceded "Muslim" in the name of this widespread movement. This paper aims at proving that the process that culminated in the Arab Spring have not started in Tunisia in December 2010 but in Pakistan in 2007 and 2008.

"COFOLA INTERNATIONAL 2016. Resolution of International Disputes Public Law in the Context of Immigration Crisis

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The conference “COFOLA = Conference for Young Lawyers” is annualy organized by the Masaryk University, Faculty of Law from 2007. The main aim of this conference is to give floor to the doctoral students and young scientists at their early stage of career and enable them to present the results of their scientific activities. Since 2013 COFOLA has been enriched by special part called “COFOLA INTERNATIONAL”. COFOLA INTERNATIONAL focuses primarily on issues of international law and the regulation of cross-border relations and is also oriented to doctoral students and young scientists from foreign countries.

"FAKE-NEWS" И ЕГО РОЛЬ В КОНСТРУИРОВАНИИ БУДУЩЕГО ОБЩЕСТВА. КРИЗИС ГОСУДАРСТВА, ОБЩЕСТВА, ИНСТИТУТОВ

Author(s): Sergey Bolshakov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2021

This article analyzes the most important political, social, ethical problems of modern society – lies in the media, “fake news” as an indicator of the degradation of the media, civil society institutions, and the authorities. The article analyzes the information processes of modern society, states the influence of fake news on political processes. The article reveals the importance of the political culture of society and the negative perception of fake news. This phenomenon is considered in the context of the informational picture of the world, the need of the authorities to abuse the institution of journalism as an agent of influence and manipulation of public opinion. The study notes the role of the linguistic factor in the implementation of the functions of manipulating society, reducing the level of citizens' trust in the state. The article attempts to reveal the role of social networks in promoting fake news. On the example of the secondary interpretation of the results of a sociological survey in the United States, the negative perception of fake news by society is revealed. The survey results indicate the growth of inequality and prejudice in society. The article concludes about the social turbulence of the processes of modern society.

"From medium to meaning". O propagandowych środkach wyrazu w filmie "Triumf woli" Leni Riefenstahl

Author(s): Małgorzata Laskowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2020

The main purpose of this paper is to determine the most frequently used propaganda forms of expression in the film Triumph of the Will by Leni Riefenstahl. This research target may be presented in the form of the following questions: Which propaganda forms of expression have been used in the film? Which symbols have been used to convey the message in Leni Riefenstahl’s film? The answers to these questions will be interpreted in the context of Stewart M. Hoover’s theory “from medium to meaning.” Its author paid attention to the essential question: To what extent do media convey meaning? To what extent do they give meaning to a phenomenon? Analogically, a question may be asked, with reference to Riefenstahl’s film: to what extent her film might have given meaning to the Nazi propaganda? What was the role of cinema in Adolf Hitler’s policy and in popularising his views? The article is a review paper. Its indirect goal is to draw attention to the transfer of meaning in audiovisual communication.

"GLOCALIZATION" OF SHAOXING CITY IN CHINA: INDIAN EVIDENCE

Author(s): Ling Li / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

As the biggest textile cluster in southeast China, Shaoxing is described as a low-end globalization city with many international businessmen here. Indians play an important role in such markets to transport huge quantities of goods not only to their local bazaars but also to West Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. This paper aims to explore Indian’s perception and interpretation of the image of Shaoxing city as they live and do business there. Word association testing and semi-structured interview are utilized to triangulate the research results. Based on the weighting statistics and thematic analysis of semi-structured interview, the paper concludes that Indian’s perception of Shaoxing city, largely positive with small negative voices, shows a fail “glocalization” tendency that requires strengthening cultural exchanges between local residents and Indians.

"Nie wiemy, co czynimy"- cztery wymiary niewidoczności: esej socjologiczny na kanwie protestów proaborcyjnych

Author(s): Katarzyna Zybertowicz,Andrzej Zybertowicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1 (7)/2021

All social actions as well as their interpretations are subject to four types of invisibility: psychological, strategic, sociological, and civilizational. The text characterizes these invisibilities in order to interpret the Polish pro-abortion protests in response to the Constitutional Court ruling. Key findings. The authorities ruling Poland since 2015 have made a “sociological” mistake of overestimating the commitment of Polish society to conservative values. On the other hand, the progressive circles have made a mistake of civilizational nature unreflexively betting on a political form that in the West undergoes a serious crisis. It is impossible to understand the broad scale and high dynamics of the protests without taking into account the cognitive and moral disorientation brought by the digital phase of global capitalism. The irremovable character of the mentioned types of invisibility means that in modern, complex and conflicted societies no social force, no ideology (but also no social theory) can claim the right to exclusively represent the social whole.

"Лошите кредити": институционални и финансови аспекти, 1994

Author(s): Christina Vutcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian

Since the beginning of 1991 Bulgaria has been living through a period of transition from centralized totalitarian control to free market economy. Year 1990 can be said to mark the political liberation of the people with the adoption of the new Constitution. The economic liberalization, however, is a reality yet to be brought to life since private ownership is not prevalent in the economy. The prime aim of the transition is to substitute an absurd and inefficient economic system for a new one to rely on the free initiative, private ownership and competition.

#ISLAM #MUZUŁMANKA – ANALIZA SPOSOBÓW WYKORZYSTANIA MEDIÓW SPOŁECZNOŚCIOWYCH JAKO GŁOSU NIESŁYSZANYCH

Author(s): Maria Stojkow / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2020

The purpose of the article is to analyse Muslim groups in social media in terms of the functions they play in thelives of Muslims, especially the Muslim women living in Poland. The Muslim community is not significant inPoland, so interpersonal contacts in real life may be difficult. Muslims, especially Muslim women experienceoppression and discrimination in everyday life, so the Internet can be a place where they will seek understandingand support as well as a way to solve their own problems. There are potentially many areas where the Internet,and especially social media will support Muslim women. To discover them, the contents of selected Facebookgroups targeted at Muslims and Muslim women will be analysed.

#METOO AND US POLITICS: ANALYSING THE TWITTER CONVERSATION

Author(s): Vittoria Bernardini / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

The #MeToo movement has had a profound cultural impact on US society, and notably on US party politics. While many studies have addressed the #MeToo-related controversy arising from the Brett Kavanaugh nomination to Supreme Court Justice in 2018, the relationship between #MeToo and US politics before this event has remained understudied. This article, therefore, addresses this gap by looking at the role of politics at the beginning of the #MeToo movement. Focusing on the first six months of online activity on Twitter (October 2017 – April 2018), over 2 million tweets with the #MeToo hashtag are analyzed to identify the main activity patterns across the dataset and to gain insight on user behavior and participation in the conversation. Results point to the weaponization of #MeToo in the political context from its inception. It is suggested that #MeToo reflects the polarized political climate in the US and that it can be conceptualized as part of the wider “culture wars” (Hunter 1991) that characterize the public debate.

#METOO IN POLISH THEATRE EDUCATION

Author(s): Monika Kwaśniewska-Mikuła / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2020

This article discusses the #metoo movement in the Polish theatre. The author, referring to the thesis by Agnès Grossmann, notes that just like in the cinema, in which #metoo was initiated, the theatre reproduces images of women subjected to the male gaze. She then looks at how this problem of representation translates into the working conditions of women in the theatre. The paper presents the current state of research and actions regarding violence (including sexual violence) in theatres around the world. Applying these considerations to Poland, the author writes how this problem resonates with the situation of women in Poland. In the context of the theatre, the location of substantive and practical preparation for #metoo were theatre schools. Surveying events in the two most important and prestigious centres of theatre education, the author first makes a diagnosis of existing problems and then examines the process of combating them through the prism of Sarah Ahmed's concept of “walls” and the affective theory of paranoia and reparation according to Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick

#ZOSTAŃWDOMU przed ekranem

Rynek płatnych serwisów VOD w kontekście pandemii wywołanej wirusem SARS-COV-2

Author(s): Katarzyna Piórecka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4 (6)/2020

The article’s main goal was to show the impact of novel coronavirus pandemic on the video-on-demand market and its social consequences. The author argues that the phenomenon of mass social isolation imposed by governments all across the world can be seen not as an exemption form otherwise steady media market, but rather as an acceleration of changes, which began to form as early as 40 years ago. Among the most prominent developments which happened during those 4 decades on the television market is the rise of VOD platforms such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video or even HBO GO, and their gradual dominance over traditional agents such as film studios and TV stations. The #Stayathome movement which is the result of mass social distancing, like no other phenomenon before SARS-CoV-2 pandemic shows that the once mainstream model of media consumption based on the so-called top-down approach is gradually stepping down. In its place a new model is currently forming. One that is based on users’ preferences, recommendations obtained from gathered data and personalisation of media messages. In order to fully understand the true impact of mentioned process and to predict its possible outcomes there is a need to study media market not only from the economic or legal point of view, but also maybe more importantly, from the perspective of modern societies and VOD platforms. The example of changes arising in the light of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, their multiplicity and diversity of fields from the impact on human behavior and everyday practices to government or EU-imposed laws and directives, shows in consequence the complexity of modern media market.

(Nie)wygodna starość. O demencji w programach telewizyjnych i filmach

Author(s): Hanna Grzesiak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2 (16)/2020

The number of elderly people not only in Poland but also around the world is growing rapidly. Due to this fact, more and more attention is paid to the aging process and old age itself. Although the elderly are becoming more and more visible in the media, as evidenced by the increasing number of television programs with their participation, the issue of dementia is still a topic that is rarely discussed in public discourse and in movies.The aim of the article is to analyze television programs and movies that have been broadcast in recent years and to trace the contexts in which dementia is presented, which today is a significant problem not only for the patient's family but also for the entire society.

(P)oszukiwanie tożsamości: cztery studia o angielskim Oświeceniu

Author(s): Paweł T. Dobrowolski / Language(s): Polish

The book consists of introduction and four chapters, each being an independent albeit interconnected study related to the issues of emerging English/British modern identity. Conclusion and full bibliography follow. The common motives of each study revolve around the practices of constructing modern cultural and social identity, by means of affirmation or impersonation. The first three chapters deal with the shifting British cultural patterns – the meaning of masquerades and gender-related issues - often viewed against contemporary Europen context. In the last essay, which is embedded in current historiography on penal deportation the statistically presented data and conclusions belong also to the domain of economic history.The choice of literature is comprehensive. The rich and perceptive choice of illustrations, which visualise the text allow the reader to imagine many of the dramatis personae.

(Pre)dugo devetnaesto stoljeće: kritika linearnog vremena i evolucije

Author(s): Vjeran Katuranić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 3/2021

Linear time is a standard term in many sciences and is important in the study of evolution. In this paper, several critical arguments are presented in terms of the notion of linear time from quantum mechanics over cosmological anthropic principle to the sociology of time with special reference to contemporary societies (Gurvitch). In considering the causes of contemporary crises that jeopardize liberal capitalism and democracy, and threaten the survival of humanity, the concept of„long nineteenth century” whose features are recycled in a system of inequality and conflict on the social class-nation-empire line was proposed as an explanatory framework. As an alternative concept of time, a triple spiral has been proposed whose traces can be recognized in Simmel, and in an explicit way in works of art. Further discussion of the applicability of nonlinear time in the theory of society would probably be difficult, as it implies a paradigmatic shift from new geocentrism and the anthropic principle to the cosmic relations of human society, which can be discerned more in hermeneutic than analytical and critical approaches to society.

(Un)real estate. Online staging of investment-driven housing projects in Vienna

Author(s): Anita Aigner / Language(s): English / Issue: Spec 8/2020

If we want to understand why housing is increasingly becoming a global investment product and the subject of surplus consumption, we must also look at the advertising infrastructures and image products that have been profoundly transformed by new digital technologies. This article examines the promotional staging of luxury and investment apartments using the example of websites that advertise upscale new construction projects in Vienna. The central question is how, and with which forms of aesthetic staging, processes of emotional and temporal entanglement are set in motion. For the analysis, Gernot Böhme’s theory of aesthetic economy and concepts of ANT-informed economic sociology are used. It is argued that breathtakingly realistic architectural renderings should not only be seen as representations, but as ‘market devices’ which, together with the technical-digital environment in which they are embedded, (co-)shape our affects, our desire and our consumer behaviour. The aesthetic work that is invested in the online staging of residential real estate does not simply serve to better imagine buildings not yet built, but rather to sell apartments at an ever earlier date – thus to accelerate the capital turnover.

(Z)rozumieć czas wolny

Przeobrażenia, tożsamość, doświadczanie

Author(s): Dorota Mroczkowska / Language(s): Polish

The idea of the book: Understanding Leisure. Transformations, Identity, Experience is to attempt to understand leisure in its core dimensions related to change, identity, and experience. It is essential to create a comprehensive picture of leisure as a cognitive, interactive, symbolic and emotional category, rather than creating the fundamental definition and way of thinking about it. Taking inspiration from such theoretical orientations as symbolic interactionism, phenomenology, existentialism, sociology of everyday life (Berger, Luckman 1983; Kelly 1972, 1996, 2003, 2012; Kelly, Godbey 1992; Giddens 2001, 2003; de Certeau 2008, 2011; Kaufman 2013), inspiration from the psychology of experience (Csikszentmihalyi 2005), postmodernism (Rojek 1995, 2005, 2010), and also border theories (Nippert-Eng1996; Zerubavel1991), allows leisure to be thought of as a dynamic, socially and culturally variable category, located at the intersection of micro and macro social processes, and associated with the dynamics of individuals' experiences. At the same time, referring to the reflexive methodology enables us to maximize perception and understanding of leisure by using various research methods and techniques (Strauss 1993; Shaw 1997; Dupuis 1999; Freeman 2001; Giddens 2001; Fischer-Rosenthal 2005; Feighery 2006; Denzin, Lincoln 2010). The aim of the first part, Transformations, is to look at the historical and social processes of leisure. The following chapters of this part is related to essential processes that characterize and stimulate its development and transformations, such as industrialization, urbanization, mass media and technology, commercialization, globalization, and acceleration. These processes have contributed to the situation today where we are faced with several questions, problems, or challenges concerning the identity of leisure, which in turn will be discussed in the second part, entitled The identity. As the reader will notice, the aim of this section is not to revolutionize thinking about leisure. I also do not want to come down on the side of a crisis or outdated sociology of leisure. Above all, I want to refer to the key processes within the sub-discipline that, in connection with the evolution of the theory and practice of leisure, and the transformations taking place in contemporary reality, make it possible to reflect on its status. The third part of the book, Towards the Method, aims to present research assumptions based on a hermeneutical-interpretative perspective and a reflexive methodology. The fourth part entitled: Experience, is based on my longitudinal studies, and introduces the reader to the meanings, experiences and emotions of leisure performed in various situational contexts. In the subsequent chapters of the book, analyses of different types of research material are combined, and the methods and techniques used deepen the accumulated knowledge. I refer to existing data: the North American and the European surveys and time-budget studies, international comparative research, and smaller European research projects, as well as surveys and budget studies in Poland. On the other hand, I refer to my research projects, which were conducted in Poland and are based on qualitative methodologies, and explore the everyday understanding of leisure. The book is written from a local perspective, and the main points of reference are the two dominant traditions of leisure - the American and the European schools. It is worth emphasizing that the category of leisure is not universal, but is assigned to a particular cultural, geographical, and historical formation called modernity. Leisure becomes essential in a particular type of society and constitutes one of its essential aspects.

(Н)и овде (н)и тамо: Етнички идентитет Срба у Мађарској на крају XX века

Author(s): Mladena Prelić / Language(s): Serbian

150 years after the birth of Rosa Luxemburg: Actuality of her “Social Reform or Revolution”

Author(s): Vera A. Vratuša Žunjić / Language(s): English,Serbian / Issue: 3/2021

The paper examines the actuality of Rosa Luxemburg’s Reform or revolution 150 years after her birth. The main method used is the content analysis of this important polemical pamphlet placed in the context of the time/space, i.e. when and where it was written, on the one hand, and today, on the other. The main finding is that Rosa’s work has remained relevant to our days since the capitalist mode of production is still characterized by internal contradictions producing barbaric consequences of exploitation and imperialist wars. These capitalist system’s consequences ensure the permanent actuality of the dilemma between socialism and barbarism confronted by Rosa Luxemburg throughout her life.

18+. Knjiga o nešto drugačijim muškarcima

Author(s): Jozo Blažević,Feđa Bobić,Saša Gavrić,Jasmina Čaušević / Language(s): Bosnian

Kada smo 2010. godine krenuli da radimo za i sa lezbejkama, gejevima, biseksualnim i trans* osobama, suočili smo se vrlo brzo sa činjenicom da su život i svakodnevnica ovih grupa u potpunosti nevidljivi u Bosni i Hercegovini. Kroz rad sa zajednicom mnogo puta smo se uvjerili da su gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci diskriminirani na razne načine u heteronormativnom društvu. Sa druge strane, i u okviru same LGBT zajednice, određene grupe muškaraca se suočavaju sa predrasudama. Biseksualnost se često smatra nepostojanom i prelaznom fazom ka homoseksualnosti, a o transrodnosti, transeksualnosti i transvestiji se ponekad govori kroz podsmjeh i prezir i u okviru LGBT zajednice. Gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci su najčešće u BiH vidljivi samo u kontekstu nasilja i diskriminacije. Sarajevski otvoreni centar želi da učini vidljivim specifičnosti svake od ovih grupa muškaraca, da ih na taj način osnaži i pruži im prostor da ispričaju svoje priče o identitetima, različitosti, neprihvatanju ili prihvatanju, priče o svojim unutrašnjim svjetovima, maštanjima, žudnji, strahovima, stidu, strasti, slobodi, oprezu, hrabrosti i, konačno, coming outu. Upravo zbog toga je nastala i ova knjiga. 18+. Knjiga o nešto drugačijim muškarcima predstavlja nastavak našeg nastojanja da dokumentujemo, prikažemo, i što široj javnosti približimo LGBT svakodnevnicu. Objavljivanjem knjige Više od etikete. O ženama koje vole žene početkom 2013. predstavili smo „žensku“ perspektivu, dok je ova knjiga njen „muški“ pandan. Knjiga se sastoji iz četiti dijela. U prvom dijelu Mladen Lakić daje pregled 15 intervjua, koje su Jozo Blažević, Feđa Bobić i Jasmina Čaušević vodili sa parovima i pojedincima. Gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci govore o svojoj seksualnosti, vezama i mnogim drugim aspektima nešto drugačije muške svakodnevnice. Nakon toga, u integralnoj formi predstavljamo intervju sa Mirnesom Kubatom Vanillom. Uvjerite se i sami zašto je ova priča jedinstvena. U trećem poglavlju donosimo lične coming out priče, dok nam u četvrtom dijelu Ivan Šunjić pruža prostorno-vremenski analitičko-teorijski pogled na seksualnost, identitete i proces kakav je coming out. Umjetnički radovi nešto drugačijih muškaraca – fotografije, slike i grafike, na vizuelan način upotpunjuju knjigu pričajući svoje priče. Takođe, u knjizi se nalaze i dokumentarističke fotografije slovenske fotografkinje Tanje Ristić, i na ovom mjestu joj se najtoplije zahvaljujemo što nam je ustupila svoj rad na korištenje. Kao inicijator ovog projekta, želim da se srdačno zahvalim svojim ko-priređivačima i priređivačici: Jozi, Feđi i Jasmini bez kojih ovaj projekt možda nikada ne bi bio realizovan. Zahvalnost dugujem i Mladenu na autorskoj obradi i uobličavanju obilnog i inspirativnog materijala koji su intervjui obezbijedili, te Ivanu na smještanju knjige u savremene teorijske okvire kroz svoj pogovor. Hvala i Dini na lekturi, te Feđi, još jednom, na prelomu i dizajnu knjige. I za kraj, želimo se zahvaliti i Fondaciji Planet Romeo koja je podržala nastanak ove knjige, te Ambasadi Norveške u BiH koja je finansirala štampu.

1990-2019: Formal Demography Research Development in the Bulgarian Academic Research Unit

Author(s): Kremena Borissova-Marinova / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

This article contains a short review of some of the most significant studies in the area of formal demography completed by researchers from the BAS demography research unit. The review covers a 30-year period of existence of the unit (1990 – today) and includes only a fraction of the most important scientific contributions significant for the development of demography, for the explanation of Bulgaria’s demographic development and for the improvement of the society’s evolution. The results obtained indicate that the studies considered treat the most acute demographic problems faced by the country in the last decades, arising from the established regime of demographic reproduction.