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Crisis Intervention and Aftercare – Proposed Protocols and Feasibility
This paper intends to describe the Hungarian red sludge disaster and the lessons drawn from three years of psychosocial interventions applied to manage the crisis from immediate aftermath until this day. Conclusions will be discussed in the light of international crisis intervention protocols, with special emphasis on interventions supporting mental health, resilience, and strategies of communication. Our sources include 1. published documents of events, 2. reports and notes of volunteer psychologists, 3. results of two preliminary studies on the impacts of the disaster. As a practical implication of our study, we suggest the redefinition of the Crisis Management System (CMS) in Hungary into a Complex Crisis Management System (CCMS) where mental health professionals work in close cooperation with other experts of the interdisciplinary crisis management team, and where continuity is ensured between the different phases of relief work. Generally less emphasised psychosocial consequences of disasters are pointed out and suggestions for a new data collection method are also introduced in this study.
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In this study we show that, in the aftermath of the economic crisis, Romanians remain among the most enthusiastic citizens of the European Union, in what concerns trust in the European institutions, projections for the future, the image of the EU and general attitudes toward the union. Relying on data provided by eurobarometers since the Romanian integration, we argue that the reasons for this peculiar position of Romanians within the EU is largely due to how people evaluate the economic and political performance of their own country: from evaluations of the economy to trust in national institutions, Romanians are very pessimistic about how their country handles the present situation and about perspectives for the future. In this context, they turn to the European Union as to a Savior, who represents their hope and promise for a better future, for economic prosperity and security. This is the reason why, more than five years after the beginning of the financial crisis, Romanians are still among the most optimistic citizens of Europe.
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This study examines the questions of ethics and transparency in Russian journalism. The paper explains instances of non-transparent behavior among Russian journalists in light of economic hardship that Russian journalists in the province face in their everyday life. Specifically, this study attempts to explicate the connection between transparency, journalism ethics, and economic and social conditions in which regional journalists function in Russia. This paper argues that morality may depend on economic conditions of an individual and poor economic conditions tend to diminish human dignity. In turn, diminished human dignity more readily puts in jeopardy professional ethical principles and contributes to non-transparent media practices. Poor economic conditions have impli- cations for regional journalism practice in Russia, where they create a vicious circle which Russian journalists fail to break.
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According to the canons of liberal democracy, both political and media systems constitute two spheres which strongly interact but still are separated and fulfill different aims. The actors belonging to these spheres play specific social roles, due to sets of rules called (respectively) the logic of politics and media logic. Politicians are supposed to create and reshape the world gaining electorate support while the media should show, explain and interpret the world in a way that attracts its audience. The two are expected to compete inside their spheres but not with each other. Today, however, the mediatization of politics and politicization of the media have changed the relationship between politicians and journalists. The aim of the article is to describe the phenomenon of redefinition of roles of the main actors of political communication, using content analysis of television political interviews during an election campaign. Elections create a special situation of mutual interdependence of the two entities as well as the need to achieve their specific goals. The authors weigh up whether the changing formula of TV interviews is an element of a broader phenomenon of competition and trial of taking up control in the process of political communication or just incidental behavior typical for the time of an election.
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The article presents an idea of creating a new field of analysis of the Polish language used in the media. What has been emphasised so far is the perspective of the sender and specific media transmissions. The point of the discussion is to broaden the scope of analysis to include appropriately oriented studies of linguisitc behaviour of the viewers and/or specific target groups. Apart from a general description of contemporary models of usage of media messages and the discussion of factors organising the establishment of appropriate discourse communities, the article comprises specific ideas of using certain linguistic paradigms in planned activities.
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The situation on the contemporary media market, including radio, has led to the building of a radio network’s value becoming more than just the result of an interesting programme offer that meets listeners’ needs. Listeners also desire other elements that strengthen their attachment to a particular brand. For this reason, radio broadcasters quite often prepare for listeners different forms of entertainment that take place outside the radio studio; examples include summer concert tours, trips to well-known health resorts during winter and summer holidays, New Year’s Eve parties, special-occasion concerts, football matches, etc. This article is a review of entertainment offers that are part of a strategy of interaction with the audience outside of the radio studio and an attempt to evaluate their influence on building the market position of a radio brand.
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The aim of this paper is to verify the capacities and limitations of the column (understood as a genre) as a tool for creating the image of its author. In the paper, the distinguishing features of a column are first presented, and then a hypothesis is proposed for predicting what attributes of its author might be generated by the column’s features. This hypothesis is juxtaposed against the results of empirical research. The main task of the study was to read the texts of one of two Polish columnists – Krzysztof Varga and Szymon Hołownia – and subsequently answer questions indicating the authors’ attributes. This procedure enabled an image of the text’s author to be recreated. The results showed the influence that the distinguishing features of a column have on the image of a text’s author for readers.
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The aim of this article is to describe and evaluate the changes that took place in the weekly Przekrój from the year 2000 to the end of its publication in 2013. Eighty-three editions from the years 2000 to 2013 are included in the analysis. After a brief introduction encompassing relevant facts concerning the history of the weekly magazine, formal changes (policies, typography, electronic distribution) to the magazine and its content are analysed. The transformation of Przekrój after 2000 is the most extensively discussed aspect, as this period in the magazine’s existence was considered to be the beginning of regular and sweeping changes in its formula. The article is an attempt to construct a hypothesis about the changes which contributed to the disappearance of the weekly magazine from the market. The aim of this analysis is to indicate the reasons for the crisis of one of the most popular and longest-running weekly magazines in Poland.
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Although skeptics do not completely accept cyberspace as a modern but natural frame for establishing and maintaining diverse relationships, in the last few years the online environment has become a common and useful social context for those who have embraced the digital reality in their everyday life. If we rely on web sites to search information and data, pay our bills on the Internet, go for an online shopping session, why shouldn't we search our soul-mate online? The fact that more and more individuals choose to access the Internet in order to find “that special person”, assigns the online environment as a popular way to interconnect with others. Being a relatively new subject of scientific interest on the Romanian sociological stage, the present investigation has an explorative and descriptive specific. The sociological investigation addressed in the present paper was conducted by applying an online questionnaire to individuals who form a couple with partners they have met in cyberspace. We explore and discuss the socio-demographic and cultural criteria that are standing on the basis of partner selection process in cyberspace. In the end, a synthetized model regarding these socio-demographic determinants is generated. Social homogamy, spatial proximity and physical attractiveness are outlined as the most important criteria in the online process of partner selection.
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The article discusses the issue of man’s participation in public life in the context of communication processes which play an important role in shaping the consciousness of community. Every community exists because of the relationships between the people involved in it. Thus, communication is the most perfect way for people to express themselves within the community. This relational dependency between the community and communication becomes the core of public participation. Persuasive communication plays the dominant role there, which is significantly important at the moment of message authentication. Persuasive communication has its foundation in the art of rhetoric and has been present in public life since the ancient Greece. Today, however, the mass media seem to dominate the communication in society by using means of persuasion and the public discourse detached from the context of interpersonal relationships.
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In seiner Publikation zeigt der Autor das menschliche Handeln zuerst in der Perspektive der Moral dann im Bereich der Gesellschaft. Die verschiedenen Beziehungen, die jede Gesellschaft bezeichnen, kommen immer vom Individuum. Aufgrund von diesen Relationen kann man die Prozesse der Kommunikation entwickeln, die eine Grundlage für die Vermittlung von den verschiedenen Inhalten darstellt. Die Kommunikation, die eine Form des Handelns annimmt, schafft das Milieu für das Entstehen von der Integration, die das Wesen der Gesellschaft ausdrückt. Das Individuum im Rahmen der Gesellschaft zeigt seine Aktivitäten in der Formulierung von den Normen und Regeln, die die Moral bezeichnen; und die die Interpretation der Gesellschaft ermöglichen. Das Konzept des Handelns von Jürgen Habermas zeigt die Kommunikation, die die Form von den Worten wie auch von den Taten annehmen kann.
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In political discourse, the recipient is collective and intentional. Being a part of public discourse,political discourse abounds in speech acts that have emotive-evaluative function. In the presentpaper, the Author discusses the most frequent evaluative-emotive acts gleaned from parliamentaryspeeches, and these include: accusations, complaining, bragging, expressing recognition and justification. The methodological framework adopted by the Author adheres to the model proposed byAleksy Awdiejew. Another phenomenon observable in public discourse is aggression. Irrespectiveof this, expressing emotions in public discourse is sometimes ideologically motivated.
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The need for digital literacy is apparent in today’s workplace, driven by strong pressures for constant technological innovation. Previous studies have shown that although older workers make up (and will make up) a great proportion of the workforce, there persists an age-based digital divide in the workplace; and the outcome of such divide is quite negative: at the individual level, older workers feel they’re being marginalized and as such, become dissatisfied and disengage from their workplace; at the organizational level, a pool of skills and expertise is lost as a result of the older worker’s disengagement, putting at risk effective knowledge transfer and mentoring process. Hence, the importance of a deeper understanding of the contextual factors that may feed the ‘grey digital divide’ in the workplace. The goal of this paper is to address such factors moving beyond the ageist claim that a worker’s chronological age is the driving force behind the ‘grey digital divide’.
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Boyan Mitrakiev's article "Public Affairs in Culture and Institutions in Eastern Europe" examines the development and regulation of public affairs in the post-socialist countries. Societies in these countries often approach with considerable distrust, sometimes mix public affairs with lobbying and also associate lobbying with corruption and opaque and informal trade of influence, which is deeply rooted in their culture.
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This study focuses on the issue of media education of children as a part of media literacy, offering an overview of the current theoretical framework related to the given topic and an analysis of various research findings presented by renowned scholars in Slovakia and abroad. The author also offers results of her own research which aimed to obtain necessary information on the topic, to analyse and evaluate media, traditional as well as the new media, as a part of free time activities of primary school children in Slovakia. This research, supported by findings of other researches, shows that television and the Internet are dominant within media which are used by primary school children for gathering information. From the point of view of personal communication with friends and family, it can be said that the face to face communication is in many situations replaced by telephone calls or text messages. Further on, the study aims to find out about how pupils identify with different types of media and its contents. The last part of the text deals with different approaches to media education of the countries in the European Union, which served as a basis for developing the idea of media education in Slovakia. In the last part of the study, the author deals with media education as such and as an essential part of school curriculum, further on, analysing approaches of media education in other EU countries and describing the actual situation in Slovakia. The article thus shows how the media education contents in primary education could be updated so they fit recent trends and the current ‘media’ age.
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The Cultural Consumption Barometer is one of the most important studies carried out by the research team of the National Institute for Cultural Research and Training, starting with 2005. The Cultural Consumption Barometer is a representative survey and its goal is the description and analysis of the cultural sector in Romania, as far as the level of the cultural consumption is concerned. The main objectives of the study are: measurement of the degree of adjustment of cultural goods distribution infrastructure to the population needs, measurement of the cultural consumption and participation, measurement of the population’s cultural needs, identification of the preferences and cultural consumption behaviour. For ten years the statistical data have been produced and presented to various categories of beneficiaries. Each year a large amount of statistical information is produced and the challenges are to present them to the general public, who is interested in this topic, as well as to the experts in various fields of culture, who are willing to use the results in a more pragmatic manner. The goal of this article is to have an in-depth insight into the topic of presenting statistical data in culture for the general public, who in most of the cases is not familiar with this approach on the cultural field. How to present statistical data to the journalists, experts in culture or local public administration representatives? What is the most relevant information and how to present it, in order for it to be used for cultural strategies and projects? How was the data from the Cultural Consumption Barometer presented in mass-media and what reactions did they generate? These are the most important questions we want to answer in our article. We shall present a case study carried out on the archives, including media news about the results of the Cultural Consumption Barometer. First, we shall present the way statistical data were selected and included in the public report and then we shall discuss the way they were presented by the journalists in the mass media news and what reactions they generated from the beneficiaries. The conclusions of our paper highlight the importance of paying attention not only to the content and methodology of research, but also to the manner of presenting data to beneficiaries. Moreover, the communication strategy is very important in an environment with low rates of quantitative literacy.
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The topic of European integration is one of the most important for Ukrainian political discourse and refl ects the main controversy in politics and society. Th is paper is based on a case study: how are European integration and widely the idea of Europe conceptualized in Ukrainian political discourses and how are they presented and framed in the Ukrainian press in the period 2005?2010? What are the dominant frames in the representation of European integration in the Ukrainian press? Th is study demonstrates that conceptualization of European integration and, connected with it, the foreign policy choice of Ukraine is proceeding in the Ukrainian media discourse with usage of the following dominant frames: geopolitical confrontation, civilizational choice and an instrument of inner changes.
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The goal of the research was to analyse the development of the idea of the public service broad-casting (PSB) in Lithuania as one of Post-Soviet countries that restored its independence in 1990. The Lithuanian case serves in revealing the great variety of ways to interpret the idea of the PSB, the possibilities to manipulate various notions, and the way the fate of the PSB can be affected by politicians and competing business groups. In this research we distinguished the following stages of the PSB concept formation in Lithuania: the first debates (the development of legislative basis), and attempts of influence – the so-called depoliticisation, decommercialisation, and optimization. In order to achieve it, we ana-lysed the Lithuanian legislation and its amendments, parliamentary discussions, and press publications. We also compared the Lithuanian PSB concept with the Western perception. It was concluded that despite of the official declarations about further limiting the interference with the national service broadcaster, there actually were the attempts of influence and politicisation. Politicisation by depoliticising. In pursuit of changing the Lithuanian Radio and Television (LRT) management the procedure of LRT Council formation was changed in 1996-1997: representatives were delegated by 15 creative and public organisations. The principles of public organisations selection have been criticised. Politicisation by de-commercialising. In 2000-2002, the LRT was criticised because of its commercialisation and non-performance of its mission. It was intended to develop a special funding system whereby the LRT should submit the Seimas with a funding plan and evidences justifying that the anticipated programmes are in compliance with the national mission. Introduction of such amendments could pose a risk of direct political interference with the LRT management and formation of the programme content. Politicisation by optimising. In 2009-2010 the attempts were made to radically reform the LRT management. The criticism related to linkage of the LRT Council members mandate with the political calendar, possibility of recalling the Council members by the delegating institutions and organisations, and the right of the Seimas Committee to approve or reject the strategy of the LRT programming. In 2014, a new financing model of the LRT has been developed, following which the LRT in 2015 discontinued broadcasting the commercial ads (except for certain established cases). The LRT financing is known in advance and calculated on the basis of the budget revenue and excise duty collection results of a preceding calendar year.
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Semiootika kujunemis- ja põimumisloos on kindel osa loomadel ja loomalugudel – käitumisuuringuil ja zoomütoloogial. Kõnelesime neist Aleksei Turovskiga 12. augustikuupäeval Tallinna loomaaias lumeleopardi aediku juures, see on peagi pärast Aleksei 4. augustil 2016 Kumus peetud seitsmekümnendat sünnipäeva. Jättes siinjuures kõrvale Aleksei tegevuse parasitoloogina, samuti popularisaatori ja pedagoogina, pühendume ta huvile zoosemiootika vastu
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