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Критика на демократичните принципи от епистократична гледна точка

Author(s): Olga Simova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 7/2017

In the last decades, much of the theoretical effort related to democracy (viz. various theories of participatory and deliberative democracy) was put into exploring the possibilities for its expansion and deepening. At present, this tendency is being intercepted by the appearance of theories with the exact opposite attitude towards political order – theories about the priority of epictocratic government that are keenly critical towards the principles and practices of democracy even in the shape of liberal representative democracy. This paper aims at reviewing and evaluating epistocratic objections (mainly in the theory of Jason Brennan) against the principal philosophical and political arguments in favour of democracy, as well as the arguments in favour of epistocracy as a form of government. The first part deals with epistocratic theory challenging the equal political rights of citizens, especially the voting right (passive and active), and with the question whether political inequality violates the principle of justice. In the second part, epistocratic refutations of various types of arguments in favour of democracy are laid bare and critically assessed. The third part is dedicated to justifying epistocracy as a political order superior to democracy. The conclusion is that despite some of its reasonable objections against the participatory and deliberative theories of democracy, epistocratic theory has to put much more effort in order to shatter the philosophical and political foundations of liberal representative democracy – an effort particularly in the direction of developing an adequate social theory capable of explaining the crisis of contemporary democracy.

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Городская «доброжелательность» к детям: взрослый и детский взгляды (на материалах городов юга дальнего востока)

Author(s): Alexandra Gennadyevna Filipova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2016

The paper analyzes the “child-friendliness” of cities. The study is based on the empirical materials collected in the cities of the southern part of Russia’s Far East — interviews with children, their parents, and experts. The study of the city milieu consisted in the identification of city spaces, their interpretation, and the analysis of children’s movements. The city spaces are divided into institutional and non-institutional ones. Child mobility is studied through the correlation of freedom and control, whether children are supervised by adults or not. Children’s and adults’ views on the city coincide in their identification of the key indicators of safety, comfort, availability, but differ in their content. Expert opinion integrates children’s and adults’ views on the city. Experts add the indicators of the absence of boundaries, children’s participation in the formation of the milieu, etc.

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ПО ОБЕ СТОРОНЫ: ГЕНДЕРНОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО СЛУЖЕНИЯ РЕЛИГИОЗНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ

Author(s): Irina Jeduardovna Petrova,Adrian Mihailovich Bekarev,Galina Stanislavovna Pak / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

The article is devoted to the analysis of gender aspects of social service of religious organizations in modern Russia and the world. A sufficient number of scientific publications is devoted to the subject of gender in Russian social policy and social work while social service of religious organizations is practically not touched upon by such an analysis. In many ways, this is justified by the conservatism of the confessional ideologies of service and the religious affiliation of scientists who represent research in social service. At the same time, it is the established traditions of the separation of men and women in the social work of various religious organizations that are attractive for gender analysis. Based on the results of the content analysis of expert interviews in Russian and English, the authors draw conclusions about the specifics of gender relations in social service. The Russian-language content analysis is dominated by interviews of representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church and Muslim communities of the European part of Russia. Experts of modern Russian social service represent the traditional division of labor in religious social services for men and women, position female employees in a rather rigid male hierarchy, apply categories of obedience and blessings. The content analysis of English-language materials is presented in most of the interviews of employees of Muslim social projects and Buddhist communities around the world. The participation of women in social service has become an important topic of the experts’ reasoning. Muslim NGOs represent opportunities for expressing the activity of women, who previously were not visible behind the labor of the male priesthood.

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НЕУТОМИМЫЙ ТРУЖЕНИК НАУКИ: ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ИСТОРИКА-НАРОДНИКА В.И. СЕМЕВСКОГО В ОТДЕЛЕ ДЛЯ СОДЕЙСТВИЯ САМООБРАЗОВАНИЮ

Author(s): Sergej Vladimirovich Gavrilov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

The paper discusses the peculiarities of V.I. Semevsky’s work as a secretary of the Department for Self-Education Promotion at the Pedagogical Museum of Military Educational Establishments and a compiler of the encyclopedic reading program for self-study and the program on Russian history. The relevance of this study is determined by the absence of works on the activity of this historiannarodnik as a popularizer of historical knowledge in modern Russian historiography. To achieve the goal of the research, historical-genetic, retrospective, and biographical methods, as well as the method of system analysis have been used. The following conclusions have been made as a result of the study of the vast source base. The historian was the permanent secretary of the Department for Self-Education Promotion, kept minutes of meetings, carried out written and spoken consultancy of interested individuals, conducted business correspondence of the Department, became a compiler of the encyclopedic reading program for self-study and the program on Russian history. The main objective of V.I. Semevsky and his associates was formation of a certain worldview within commoner intelligentsia using a variety of methods: organizing public lectures, preparing educational programs on natural sciences and the humanities, publishing. The activity of the Department and, in particular, V.I. Semevsky became a noticeable phenomenon in the cultural life of the capital despite it gave rise to numerous discussions in the periodical press. V.I. Semevsky’s scrupulous efforts contributed to effective functioning of the Department on the development of the system of self-education in Russia in the late 19th – early 20th centuries, consolidating the writing team, organizing the readers’ feedback, conducting diversified public readings. Over almost twenty years of the activity of the Department, six editions of “Reading Programs for Self-Study” with a total circulation of about 100 thousand copies were issued.

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Военные интеллектуалы в политическом режиме современной России

Author(s): Sergey Ivanovich Boiko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

The article makes an attempt of the political science analysis of the reasons of active participation of professionally prepared military intellectuals in political management, in creation of conditions for formation of steady democratic regime taking into account national, political, social and economic peculiarities of modern Russia. On the example of Spain shown is the value of military intellectuals in implementation of successful political transit to national democracy. The key role of military intellectuals and military political culture in counteraction to export of democracy and the model of unipolar world order is proved.

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К юбилею Н. К. Михайловского

Author(s): Aleksey Yurievich Suslov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

The article shows the collection of scientific articles published in Voronezh in 2017 to N. K. Mikhaylovsky’s anniversary (1842—1904), the structure and content of its materials is analyzed.

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Роль интеллигенции в сохранении культурной памяти советского социума о революции 1917 года

Author(s): Igor Vyacheslavovich Sibiryakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

The article considers the formation of cultural memory of the Soviet society, analyzed are the activities of the state institutes of the USSR and the Soviet intelligentsia for creation of the “correct” image of the Russian revolution of 1917, and studied is the formation of a revolutionary theme in the Soviet art culture.

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Impact of digital literacy and user experience on the use of electronic services in public administration sector

Author(s): Tomáš Mišík,Jana Štofková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1/2017

Digital technologies become part of the personal and working life. The rapid development of information and communication technology changes the economy and the shape of societies around the world. The changes that electronisation brings, however, affect also the public sector as an important part of the economy. The contribution deals with the readiness for the general public and provider of services - the public authorities, to the digital revolution in public administration in Slovakia. Providing a number of modern public electronic services regarding to user experience on one hand, and an aging population group on the other. The lack of basic digital skills creates a barrier not only in personal growth, but there is also the risks and concerns of digital literacy in modern technologies. Increasing the level of digital literacy of the society, especially peripheral groups, and the refined information architecture of public services is a prerequisite for the effective functioning of an efficient, modern and open society in the digital world.

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Marketing project supporting non-profit organization activity

Author(s): Pavla Varvažovská,Martina Jarkovská / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2/2017

Non-governmental non-profit organizations (NGOs) are an essential part of a democratic society primarily because they associate a large number of people and provide a wide range of services. Nonprofit organizations further contribute to the development of economic, political, but above all social life. NGO depends on resources, especially financial ones; it is therefore very important to link the profitable and non-profit sector. At present this trend of linkage has a growing tendency. A large number of NGOs have a problem with financing their own activities, also because the number of organizations is steadily increasing and it is difficult to get to the fore in this competition. That is why in recent years, marketing projects have come to the fore either for the organization or have been created by the NGO itself. A marketing project can bring financial or material resources to a non-profit organization, improve the image of an organization or business, or help with the recruitment of NGO clients. The aim of this article is to draw attention to this fact through a case study of two non-profit organizations operating in the social sphere and businesses that these organizations have established as a marketing project on modern digital technologies. The conclusions are supported by a quantitative and qualitative survey. The results are summarized and the final recommendations are given.

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Усвідомлення національної культури як цілісності: культурний та маскультурний вибух кінця 80х – початку 90х років ХХ століття

Author(s): Vasyl Vovkun / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 29/2012

In the article embryos Ukrainian neomodernism, who could not be onchuzhenyy of sociopolitical and cultural transformations of the late 80 – early 90 of the XX century.

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Гражданско участие – проявления и характеристики в България

Author(s): Angel Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The paper presents the main theoretical characteristics of citizens’ participation in public policy and how they are implemented in Bulgarian practice by any of the participation forms. Seven different activities are provided by the legislature and we introduce comparative analysis who has the initiative, what is the required time, what resources should be used, which citizens’ rights are protected and what goals should be accomplished by the different forms of citizens’ participation.

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Cumhuriyet Kadınlarından Yaşayan Bir Örnek: Timsal Karabekir Yıldıran

Author(s): Şayan Ulusan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 03/2015

Timsal Karabekir was born in Ankara in 1941, the third daughter of the embodiment of Kazım Karabekir. 7 years of age, who lost his father the day he finished the embodiment of Lady after the death of his father the family moved into the mansion in Erenköy, İstanbul, together with. Although a 7-year-old girl who lost her father, though this soon felt his father's behavior, kindness and love of the father. He graduated from High School in Erenköy Zihnipaşa and the British. There have been three children from her first marriage in 1960. He taught for a while, and then dealt with agriculture for a while. In 1978, he established the Uğur Tennis Facilities until 1996 in tennis and sports activities have been. Second marriage to Timsal Karabekir makes with Atilla Köymen Yıldıran along with his wife in the Eastern and southeastern provinces, "not to fight with the pen gun" concept has a series of Conference. Six thousand orphans provided shelter and education, the embodiment of a Pasha's daughter goes to his footsteps today. Founded in 1999, Kâzım Karabekir Cultural Center and founded in 2003, is among the founders of the Foundation and the Museum. This is the Foundation of the Republic of Turkey, have shed light on the close, he did manage to teach the young generation and to help history all over the place to work. In recent years, also with a comprehensive conference series. This Conference is ' the Dardanelles to the Republic ', ' get right ' Past and remember that tomorrow is collected under the headings. Their Embodiment in accordance with Timsal Karabekir's life, memories, conferences, studies and the Organization of the Republic of Turkey, in order to understand the process and continue the establishment is very important in terms of. Especially a Turkish woman is this a separate perspective on the situation. Indeed, the embodiment of Timsal Karabekir’'s father Fevzi Çakmak with Kazım Karabekir 's, witness the wedding of Atatürk and Latife Lady marriage did expression of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the more formal your wedding application implements a modern-style marriage even when the various religious communities. Therefore this study with the national struggle and Turkey is one of the important personalities of Kazım Karabekir's daughter is the embodiment of Timsal Karabekir Yıldıran through Establishment of the Republic of Turkey after the Turkish family, society, and the woman, considering issues such as the political and cultural structure is intended to be placed.

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Mısır ve Türkiye’deki Üç İslami Siyasi Hareketin Siyasi Stratejilerinin Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analizi

Author(s): İsmail Kurun / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 02/2017

Three political movements inspired by Islamism, the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) in Egypt, the National Outlook [Milli Görüş, NO], and the Justice and Development Party (JDP) in Turkey have employed miscellaneous political strategies since their emergence on the political arena. The strategies of two movements, the MB and the NO, eventually carried them to power, yet strikingly, they both could remain in power for approximately one year, between 2012 and 2013, and between 1996 and 1997 respectively. Then, they were ousted by military coups. Being founded in 2001 by the former NO members after the 1997 military coup, the JDP has been in power since 2002 to date, 2017, by employing different strategies than the former two movements. This article aims at investigating why three political parties have differed so much in terms of their political success although their roots are almost in the same ideology, namely Islamism. Two research questions are formed and answered in the article that ultimately argues that political parties inspired by Islamism may differ in their levels of political success if they employ different political strategies. The article also determines the strategies that bring about political success to the extent that they relate to Islamism.

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Türkiye’de Yerel Yönetimlerin Aileye Yönelik Sosyal Politikaları Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Halim Baş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 02/2017

The purpose of the public service that stems from a public responsibility principle is to provide services to all sections of the society based on an equal service and action principle. These services are gathered in the hands of two primary government bodies, one of which is the local government as a service provider. The individualization of societal life and the disintegration in the broader social structure are relatively new and increasingly more widespread phenomena within the society. The family institution, a significantly weighed unit within the Islamic religion, seems to have been weakened by modernity, a byproduct of postmodern culture. The first step taken by the state in the way of social policy is the establishment of the Ministry of Family and Social Policy in 2011. In the increasingly globalized contemporary world, the difficulties central governments encounter in fulfilling their enforcement duties render the delegation of authority to local qualified bodies a must. To that end, this study addresses the question of social policies that are transferred to the local governments in connection with the institution of family. The purpose of this study is make a general evaluation on the Family and Population Protection Program drafted in the Tenth Development Plan (2014-2018) in the context of social policies adopted by local governments which projects the consolidation of social welfare and social capital, protection of the dynamic population structure in order to support Turkey's economic and social development, and reinforcement of the institution of family.

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Sosyal Güvenlik ve Sosyal Güvenlik Harcamaları Üzerine Değerlendirmeler

Author(s): Alper Doğan,Melih Kabayel / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 02/2017

The term social security has emerged after the Industrial Revolution and it has become an important tool in providing the social and economic needs of societies following the second world war. In the post-war period, social security systems have further developed and social security expenditures have notably increased. Nevertheless, the financial problems that arose just after the 1973 Oil Shock have interrupted the boosting of social security expenditures and the evolution of social security systems. The subsequent depression has rendered a social security reform essential. Today, states address social security reforms in a sensitive way and they are more than willing to develop a social security system that encompasses the entire community and is self-financing. Yet, problems such as the exceedingly greater number of the elderly population and the rampant informal economy pose a great threat to the establishment and sustainability of social security systems in developed and developing countries. The study focuses on social security expenditures, differences in social security expenditures between countries and problems related with social security systems in developed and developing countries.

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Stanovništvo i teritorija kao elementi političke moći u međunarodnim odnosima

Author(s): Zlatko Isaković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2006

This paper deals with population and territory as elements of political power of international relations actors. The first part is devoted to the population, i.e. its quantitative (number of people) and qualitative characteristics, i.e. structure, etc.The second part of the paper deals with basic characteristic of the territory (its size, quality, and geographical position). The quality is determined primarily according to economic values of the area. Geographic position depends of neighbours and borders. In the concluding part of the paper it is stressed that mutual comparison between area and number of population is relatively easy, while comparison becomes much harder when one takes into account the qualitative characteristics of the both elements of political power. The relation between population and territory is in the fact that people need room, i.e. space for their living. People are those who in wars and negotiations and other peaceful ways determine quantities and qualities of territories of their states. There is the open question of a price (human lives, health, living standards, etc.) worth to be paid for a territory if it is perceived by political decision makers as the national or similar interest.People are those who by their ideas, work and behaviour in general directly influence number of population members and utilise and perceive space in certain ways. People are subjective factors of political power in general. First action of the modern specialised and global information-telecommunication technology is in the changed comprehending of categories of space and time. Communications are one of important preconditions and conditions of social integration and capability for survival in general of people on certain territory. The Earth became much smaller, linked and perceived by majority of its population as the universal, whole and only domicile and shelter. During the 20th century communication deterritorialization appeared and one could predict that this development will be continued in this century. People will become more and more nomads, and their ideas and goods will move more and more quickly and in greater numbers. The link between population and territory will be weakened, and state territories will be less and less relevant. However, human life will not loose its spatiality.People will remain the subjective element of international and other relations, and cloning – if becomes mass phenomenon – will begin to represent, beside others things, negation of people’s individuality and, in this way, their subjectivity.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Russians Rally Against Pension Reform

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 08/14/2018

Russians Rally Against Pension Reform

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Romanians Debate if Police Used Excessive Force to Disperse Protest

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 08/14/2018

Around 450 people were injured in clashes with gendarmes, as country’s president condemning the response of the riot police as “strongly disproportionate.”

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II. Dünya Savaşı’nda Yugoslavya (1939-1945): “Hırvat Ustaşalar, Sırp Çetnikler ve Komünist Partizanlar”

Author(s): Hakan Demir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 55/2017

In this article, the fascist Croatian Ustasha and the Serbian Chetnik movements, together with the Partisan movement which was under the control of the Yugoslav Communist Party during the World War II will be examined. In the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, which maintained its political existence between 1918 and 1941, the conflict between the Yugoslav nations about the political structure of the state was not resolved and there was a political clash especially between Croats who demanded the government to be regulated in a federalist manner and Serbs who advocated a centralized state structure. The Croats struggled to gain the federated state while the Serbs struggled to pass the Great Serbian project along with a centralized state structure. This main political conflict weakened the legitimacy of the state. With the beginning of World War II, the fascist Croat Ustashas started to realize their national programs and on the other hand Serbs supported the Chetnik movement trying to achieve Great Serbian ideal. Apart from these movements, the Partisans who were under the control of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia also struggled to establish a state based on the principles of federalism.

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Diversity of HES Opposition Movement in Turkey: Black Sea Region Cases

Author(s): Çağrı Eryilmaz / Language(s): English Issue: 55/2017

This paper aims to grasp the raising environmental grassroots movement after 2000 throughout Turkey, as it seems much different from traditional, urban, hierarchical and professional environmentalism. For the first time, rural people developed hundreds grassroots movements throughout the country challenging thousands of smallscale hydroelectric power plant (HES) projects. The field study is based on the analysis of environmental activities, organization and approaches to science and technology, economy, politics in Black Sea Region where the grassroots movement is much significant. After two years of following hundreds of cases, three fields are chosen that are different in terms of organization and politics, then 27 semistructured interviews were conducted on the field. Field study shows that rural and local people, defending their living space, not only joined the environmental protests but also asked to join decisionmaking mechanisms about their livelihood. The threat to livelihoods dialectically makes passive rural people become active citizens defending their ecosystem. Environmental grassroots movement shows civic potential of their communities and leads them to participate into decision-making. Rural people demand to decide about their lives instead of representatives and bureaucrats. Moreover, they strongly criticize national and international environmental NGOs that avoid challenging HES projects and acting together with corporate and state organizations.

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