Изследователска група „Музика и танц в Югоизточна Европа”: преживяна история

Author(s): Lozanka Peicheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The process of creation and development of the ICTM Study Group Music and Dance in Southeastern Europe at UNESCO is researched in the text. The occurrence of idea to create this Study Group and its development in the period 2005–2007 are observed. After the establishment of the Study Group on Music and Dance in Southeastern Europe by the ICTM Board in Canberra,Australia (February 16-17, 2008), four symposia were held that are presented in the text: 1) 2008 – Ohrid, Macedonia; 2) 2010 – Izmir, Turkey; 3) 2012 – Berovo, Macedonia; 4) 2014 – Valjevo, Serbia. There are outlined the closest perspectives for the study group connected with the organization and realization of the next Fifth Symposium in 2016 hosted by the South-West University “Neofit Rilski” in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria.

Любомир Кутин: „Българските фестивали. Категории и системи за оценка“

Author(s): Rosemary Statelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

This review seeks to present a new book, Bulgarian Festivals (2014) by cultural specialist Dr Lubomir Kutin, which is a follow-up to his study Festival as a Phenomenon of Artistic Culture (2004). In the first part, Lubomir Kutin’s body of work is presented. Both as a theoretician and researcher and as a practician, Kutin’s every effort has been devoted to work in the field of running and management of culture. The second part of the article treats Bulgarian Festivals as a set of two studies. The first one features a typology of the festivals on the basis of nine anthropological, socio-cultural and artistic categories: play, spectacle, celebration, space, time, institution, artistes, programme, audience. The second study gives a consideration to the necessity for a new approach to the control and evaluation of the festivals in Bulgaria. The final part of the review quotes an excerpt from the author’s statement at the public discussion on his Bulgarian Festivals, held in autumn 2014 at the Centre for the Study of Democracy.

Райна Кацарова: слънчевата дама на българската етномузикология и етнохореология

Author(s): Lozanka Peicheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Raina Katsarova’s work is of an intrinsic value to the establishing and the development of Bulgarian ethnomusicology and ethnochoreology. She was a renowned Bulgarian researcher in the 1920s, but also through the 1980s, an authoritative champion of collecting and preserving traditional lore in the form of tens of thousands of Bulgarian folk songs. This study systematises biographical data of Raina Katsarova’s life, integrating various voices in one story and offering a general rethinking of her personality and activities. The events and the facts interpreted in this statement have been selected from various in terms of their size, genre and content source material: a variety of published sources (Raina Katsarova’s publications; other publications related to her life, personality and career; interviews with her; Raina Katsarova’s memories), archive material (fieldwork notebooks, diaries, photos, letters, etc.), talks with her nearest and dearest. Biographical resear​ch method was applied as a rewarding scientific strategy and a tool of representing the fluid dynamics of life, of providing an insight into her figure and work and of the unique historical significance of Raina Katsarova to the domains of ethnomusicology and ethnochoreology. The systematic arranging of the selected facts and materials is grouped in the following thematic lines: 1). A timeline of her life in a chronological narrative of facts and events, stages and processes; 2) A brief overview of her major studies and achievements; 3). The essence of her fieldwork; 4) Her contribution to the creation of an ethnomusicological environment at the National Ethnographic Museum and BAS.

Райна Кацарова и най-ранните теренни звукозаписи на традиционна музика от България

Author(s): Ventsislav Dimov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

This study presents the earliest resources of the folk music archive of the Institute of Art Studies, BAS: fieldwork recordings of traditional music made in the period 1938–1950. The text is part of a project, Raina Katsarova and the beginnings​ of recording activities in Bulgarian ethnomusicology. The study is based on the folk music recordings made by Raina Katsarova in 1938–1950, and by her collaborators Ivan Kachulev and Elena Stoin (1948–1950), using a Presto recorder and instantaneous discs. The study presents the earliest recordings (231 metal core acetates: 142 12-inch and 89 8-inch), digitised by Alex Nushev) containing songs, instrumental music and rarely, verbal folklore. There are 1,570 items or about 31 hours of recorded music in store for describing, identifying and studying (by the author and Dr Galina Denkova) The interpretation, apart from the recorded sound, includes handwritten fieldwork notebooks or other fieldwork material from the verbal folk music archive and the personal archive of Raina Katsarova (kept at the archive of the Institute of Art Studies), papers by Raina Katsarova delivered during her trips to several Bulgarian regions and places in 1941– 1944 (kept at the archive of The Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum, BAS), pictures from academic and personal archives, publications in periodicals. It is the first attempt to make such a comprehensive and full presentation with a detailed chronological description of the earliest fieldwork recordings in Bulgaria. The second part of the study seeks to make analytical readings of the recording database. Two views of the early recordings are offered: exploration of the areas of the recorded voices and music (places and regions, where the recordings have been made and where the informants and repertories belong) and of the tradition bearers on the grooves (analysed by age, sex, education, settled way of life, ethnic group, profession, etc., mostly by the classifying columns and ‘marginal notes’ in the fieldwork notebooks). The conclusion underscores that by using recorders in the 1930s and the 1940s Bulgarian science joined the mainstream of the West-European ethnomusicology. Raina Katsarova was the founder of fieldwork sound recording presenting songs, instrumental music, manufacturing of instruments, ring dances and games through their cultural functioning, their role in the life of the community and men. She set the beginning of the anthropological and culturological turn in Bulgarian folk music studies. Raina Katsarova’s legacy and that of her collaborators on fieldwork recording, Ivan Kachulev and Elena Stoin still holds unexhausted potential for informational content, creativity and future insights. That is why it is worth completing the process of their digitisation and cataloguing, publishing more extensive information about them and about the initial stages of their exploration.

Живот, посветен на българската народоука

Author(s): Elena Ognianova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The author, a writer, folklorist and ethnographer, offers her views on​ the scope of Raina Katsarova as a researcher and a person, citing her works, academic and social activities and mostly, her own contacts during their close friendship and cooperation of four decades. The patriotism of Raina Katsarova, a woman from Koprivshtitsa, is highlighted along with her role in promoting folk songs on the radio, the press, training aids, books, and song collections. The article provides interesting facts about Raina Katsarova’s cooperation with Academician Mikhail Arnaudov regarding a research area, pioneered by Katsarova in Bulgaria, that of ethnochoreology. Raina Katsarova’s social activities are highlighted along with her scientific contribution and international weight.

Милена Шушулова Павлова: „Музика и публики. Нови концепции за отвореност“

Author(s): Elisaveta Valchinova-Chendova,Todor Petev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The book deals with topical contemporary musical practices and processes of musical communication. The fundamental to the art of music problem of communication is commented on. Music is communication and in this light, actual processes and contemporary musical and cultural practices in the field of the so-called ‘classical’ or ‘art’ music are treated. Drawing on serious literature, related directly or indirectly to the subject matter, the author formulates and considers in all their bearings several significant issues pertaining to the digital breakthrough, the role of the social media, public interest, analysis of audiences, etc., as social and cultural phenomena of enormous psychological effect, shaping new practices and audiences. Contemporary music education and that of young audiences are highlighted. The sociological survey conducted by the author and her analysis of the results is central to the study. The text is dialogical, intended for various readerships, which is yet another advantage to this book. Apart from the viewpoint of the musicologist, we provide the opinion of Prof. Dr Todor Petev, a renowned Bulgarian sociologist, the doyen of mass communications studies (1944–14 October 2015). In his opinion, the analysis of good cases and the innovative music educational endeavours (al fresco grand concerts in public areas in Europe) is the book’s strong side. Another fresh thematic line is that of the young audiences (the analyses of the survey of students, Ch. 10). It is gratifying to see that the author leaves the ending open to interpretation by readers, enabling them to continuously provide an infinite amount of new examples.

Танцовата музика в ръкописите на учителя Иржи Хартъл (1781–1849) от Стара Пака

Author(s): Zdeněk Vejvoda / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

The collection of dance music manuscripts from the late 18th and early 19th century by Jiří Hartl is unique among European sources. Jiří Hartl was a skilled musician, playing the violin, clarinet, organ and bassoon. He was also responsible for the local organ, establishing a tradition of instrumental music. This is evidenced by his collection, which contains 840 dance instrumental melodies (1810– 1820). The records are those of the first violin with instrumentation glosses, solo contributions of other instruments, and the names of most of the dances. The collection also contains verbal notes, which help to reconstruct the composition of Hartl’s band. The manuscripts contains the dances ländler, steyrisch, schotisch/egosse, marsch, ungarisch, zweitritt, contra, menuetto, deutschen, hulán, třínožka, bauer, bažant, bonapart, englese, furiant, husa, kalamajka, kögeltanz, švihák. Hartl’s legacy and life story epitomize the versatile work of small-town teachers in Bohemia in the early 19th century – an essential support for cultural growth and a successful national emancipation movement.

Филтриране на народното. Народна музика и идеология в Чехословакия през 50-те години на ХХ век

Author(s): Matěj Kratochvíl / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

In 1950s Czechoslovakia, traditional folk music was officially presented as the most important resource of national musical identity. Folk- or folk-inspired music was almost omnipresent. Although this intensity was waned in the following decades, the role of the folk music as a symbol remained strong until the end of the communist rule in 1989. While the ideology of communism used folk music as its tool, it also influenced the way this music was collected, researched and presented. The paper presents examples from two closely intertwined areas documenting these issues: folk music research and folk music revival.

Българската традиционна култура - поглед отвътре

Author(s): Georgi Gerov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2003

Ludic role of religious rituals

Author(s): Tudor Cosmin Ciocan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

This paper was made as part of a wider research I made about rituals and their meaning and roles they are playing in the religious system of thinking. The way they are thought, displayed, precisely followed as instructed and believed, makes them a powerful social act that has been always provided by any religion, and also a tool for religion to make the human society what it is today. After I speak about what is a ritual and its religious content in general, I am enumerating roles and functions of play and theatre in particular have, both for profane and religious purpose. Do we still use play/games as adults because they are rewarding, they give us pleasure? They are used as means of relaxation, or for continuing the age of childhood; or it is in our nature to play games in everything we do? In this paper I have emphasized play as adaptive potentiation or adaptive variability useful both in therapy, as in religious ceremony. The relation and comparison of rituals with play is due to the fact that playing is the most engaging behavior performed by man and animals, and it can be found as foundation of almost any ritualist activity.

Книги 2015 г.

Author(s): Emiliya Voleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 31/2015

Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year.

Naturalna technika: swarming i komunikacja międzygatunkowa

Author(s): Ekaterina Nikitina / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of swarming and its expression in modern technologies and art. The main focus of this work is a philosophical comprehension and interpretation of the performance “Mind-Controlled Cyborgroach” created by the Moscow art-group “18 Apples.” The author discusses the phenomenon of the uncanny as a manifestation of entomophobia and technophobia, and she explores the ontological questions of human and animal being and compares categories of “natural” and “human” technics. The article also focuses on the problem of the Other in the context of the basic tasks of bioethics.

Czarna perła. Kino popularne między kolonializmem a nowoczesnością

Author(s): Oliwia Mimi Bosomtwe / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2016

Czarna perła, 7lm Michała Waszyńskiego z 1934 roku, w przewrotny sposób prezentuje klimat i nastroje społeczne panujące w międzywojennej Polsce. Dla Modrisa Eksteinsa balet rosyjski Diagilewa oraz wywrotowe i pełne nowej energii Święto Wiosny Igora Strawińskiego były – wraz z oburzeniem towarzyszącym premierze – zapowiedzią Wielkiej Wojny (Eksteins, ;1996, 21-69). Podobnie niepozorny film Waszyńskiego i stojąca za nim historia ilustrują kontrastowość i wielogłosowość polskiej tożsamości pomiędzy wojnami. Korzystając z pojęcia „wernakularnego modernizmu” (Hansen,2008,243-244) oraz kategorii klasy, rasy i kolonializmu Y, chcę przedstawić Czarną perłę jako produkt nastroju polskiego dwudziestolecia międzywojennego. Film ten można traktować jako tekst kultury popularnej syntezujący elementy głównych problemów nowoczesności po I wojnie światowej, takich jak napięcie między klasami społecznymi, geopolityczny układ sił związany z imperializmem czy nowe znaczenie kobiecości. Interesuje mnie to, jak te kwestie przenikały do kultury popularnej w Polsce, kraju peryferyjnym, choć pełnym fantazji i aspiracji wznieconych przez odzyskanie niepodległości w 1918 roku. Postaram się to prześledzić, analizując Czarną perłę.

Publicystki lwowskiej „Awangardy” o „sprawach teatru, kina i radia”

Author(s): Małgorzata Radkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2015

In my article I present results of my research that has been done within the “pioneers with a camera” project, financed by the National Science Centre. The main goal of the article is to show women’s involvement in the film culture of Lviv in 1930s, embodied in the Film Club “Awangarda”. As active members of the “film society” consisted of film critics and researchers, but also artists and filmmakers, women were authors of numerous articles published in the “Awangarda” magazine on – as the title explained – the issue of cinema, radio and theatre”. The combination of research perspectives, including women’s studies and film studies, allowed me to examine archival press materials in terms of women’s creativity and emancipation, understood as openness for new technologies, and participation in visual culture, both as consumers and creators. What makes the Galician context important is the fact that that was the part of Poland where the first Polish cinematoscopes arrived and then developed at the highest rate, especially in Cracow and Lviv. My article and the project as a whole are particularly focused on women’s participation in the development of Polish cinema from the perspectives of film studies, history, culture and anthropology.

W metropolii i poza nią – kina na Dolnym Śląsku przed rokiem 1945

Author(s): Andrzej Dębski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2015

The article addresses issues of regional cinema history in the case of Lower Silesia before the year 1945 and enlivens the discourse on the relationship between metropolis (Wrocław) and periphery. The development and growing significance of cinemas in local communities is shown on the examples of Strzelin – then a city of several thousand residents – and Kloster Street in Wrocław. Discourse of metropolis and periphery is expanded by the examples from Świdnica (“the first stationary cinema in Silesia”), Polanica Zdrój (“the biggest cinema in Kłodzko County”) and Bolesławiec (“the first city in Lower Silesia in which sound films where projected”). The article is concluded with a description of Historical Database of Cinemas in Lower Silesia, which – being a tool for data capturing and analysis – constitutes a substantial support for traditional methods of research in humanities.

Kino i kultura popularna w Piotrkowie przed pierwszą wojną światową

Author(s): Marta Piestrzeniewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2015

In the 19th century Piotrkow was a town where Polish and Jewish society lived together. Poles, however, presented a greater percentage of the whole society, that was 60% . Since1867 the development of economy and culture was directly associated with the administrative functions of the town. Those who organized the cultural life in the town were mainly the intellectuals. They initiated a great number of social enterprises as well as formed the public opinion. Moreover, the news from Warsaw exerted the direct influence on the cultural life of the town. The capital city of Poland affected Piotrkow in nearly each sphere of life. The Warsaw press was subscribed and the Warsaw repertoire of theatres and cinemas was imitated.

Wątki żydowskie w polskim kabarecie na początku XXI wieku

Author(s): Diana Karwowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

The paper deals with the image of Jews in contemporary Polish cabaret. Increasingly, homegrown artists take up the subject of anti-Semitism and intolerance although sometimes they include stereotypical figures, clever Jews. Sometimes you can still find very nostalgic references to the lost past. Generally, this subject does not enjoy the popularity of cabaret performers; their focus on describing the present Polish society rarely takes into account any representatives of other nationalities. The analysis of these representations is supplemented by the reflection on the vitality of prejudices against the Jewish community and the place of their Polish heritage in popular culture.

„Czciciele torrentów” Rozważania o współczesnym modelu kinofilii

Author(s): Grzegorz Zyzik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2015

Contemporary cinema screen seems to be losing the status of the dominant interface for the viewer of the movie. Digitalization and computerization have contributed to the transfer of a film text in precinct other “media generation” and cultural codes. Susan Sontag predicting the collapse of the movies this process was associated with the disappearance cinephil in its current form. The purpose of this article is to answer the question of whether today we can talk about the experience cinephil. Experience film gains its specificity by the fact that there is a network of different types of discourses. The article aims to present contemporary model cinephily. Its specificity is associated with the activities of network users. Since everything today is changing, it becomes logical to introduce them also in the traditional meaning of the concepts cinema and cinephile. Interesting also seems to question whether the experiences of modern cinephiles enter the canon of human customs and practices of the XXI century, and if so, what will take place. The conclusions of the issues raised will be used to answer questions about the shape of modern cinephily, its implications for changes in the perception of film content and specific to redefine the relationship between reality and media representation.

Docudrama czyli świadkowanie między trudnymi i łatwymi przyjemnościami

Author(s): Wiesław Godzic / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2015

The goal is to explain the importance of docudrama for Polish spectators. It could be said that after years of rejection docudrama (when docusoaps and reality shows dominated) the 67 programmers turned back to this genre. Author advocates for Polish docudrama as a very important genre in Poland due to its proximity to film documentary tradition and its ideology. Author produces a series of close analyses of different recent 67 productions dealing with representation of history. In Warsaw Uprising (2013) reality has been, so to speak, glued together and colourised in order to make it attractive. Serial docudrama Time of Honor (2008-2014) describes as well as rewrites episodes from the BBCC. It is a dramatized story of real historical events pretends to be docudrama. On the other hand Great Escapes (2005-2006) series attracted large audiences and demonstrated an efficient and original use of the language of television.

Dna jako kod kulturowy

Author(s): Jan Domaradzki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2015

Science has always fascinated artists and many inventions and discoveries have become a source of artistic inspiration. Also, genetics and the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule (€[), represented by the double helix model, inspires visual arts and becomes a leitmotiv for artistic creativity, an object of art and even an artistic technique. Thus, the aim of the present paper is to describe cultural representations of deoxyribonucleic acid in painting, sculpture, architecture, cinema, music and functional art. It expresses the three main forms by which €[ is represented in modern art, such as: an icon, an index and a symbol. Nevertheless, €[ is also used by artists as a unique crafting tool and an artistic technique that can be observed in bioart. Another example of cultural presence of €[ is common speech, where it is one of the most popular metaphors frequently used in marketing, economic consulting, urban planning, sport and advertising. The paper argues that €[ is not only a biological code but a cultural one as well. It is a symbol of modern science and a cultural icon. And it is due to the fact that this ‘molecule of life’ is immensely rich in cultural meanings: it is associated with uniqueness, beauty and casual power. It is the essence of life and the source of immortality. At the same time, €[ enables to propagate new explanations of social ideas on human nature, heredity, destiny, the origins of life, identity, morality and the organization of society.