Politică, stat şi morală în gândirea iluministă

Author(s): Constantiu Dinulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2010

Illuminism has represented an essential qualitative shift in the evolution of manhood spirituality as it brought with it a categorical victory of reason over medieval dogmatic conceptions. This article is a synthetical presentation of the ideas (freedom, supremacy of the law, separation of powers etc.) of the main illuminist thinkers (Kant, Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, ďHolbach, Rousseau etc.), who, during the Modern and Contemporary Ages, would become true norms of the rule of law, met in the political practice of Western states.

Pluralismul valorilor si terapia filosofică

Author(s): Cătălin Stănciulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 16/2007

This article is interpreting Berlin’s value pluralism both as having a therapeutic character in relation to the Western tradition’s metaphysical monism, and as leaving open the possibility of a left-wing form of liberalism. I’m also rejecting the possibility of giving it a strong, metaphysical sense by radicalizing the so-called “incommensurability” of values.

Despre diversitatea populismelor

Author(s): Mihai Ghiţulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 16/2007

Cet article porte sur l’impossibilité de trouver une définition concise pour ce qu’on appelle „populisme” et, par conséquent, d’encadrer ses manifestations dans une typologie. La première partie est une discussion générale, ayant pour répères les les principales contributions théoriques sur ce sujet et quelques exemples concrets des plus célébres, tandis que la deuxième concerne les manifestations populistes particulières de la vie politique roumaine contemporaine.

O abordare politică a globalizării

Author(s): Anca Tanasie,COSMIN FRATOSTIłEANU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 15/2007

La globalisation est gouvernée à la fois par le politique et par un procésus économique inexorable. Elle suppose une philosophie politique tout à fait nouvelle du point de vue qualitatif, impliquant non seulement une re-lecture de l’histoire de la pensée politique, mai aussi une tentative d’élaborer un nouveau système de valeurs normatives nécessaires à la confrontation avec l’avenir global.

Equality and Justice

Author(s): Gianina-Anemona Radu / Language(s): English Issue: 37+38/2013

Equality’ is a contested concept: “People who praise it or disparage it disagree about what they are praising or disparaging” (Dworkin 2000, p. 2). Our first task is therefore to provide a clear definition of equality in the face of widespread misconceptions about its meaning as a political idea. So in what respects are people equal? According to the Declaration of Independence, all men are equally endowed with rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.We must ask whether justice is always synonymous with equality.How, then, is social justice to be defined? Would we want to live in a society in which incomes were, literally, equal? And, if not, what's the right amount of inequality, and do we have too little or too much at present? In thinking about distributive justice, the natural tendency is to focus on income and wealth. Our own treatment of the topic will follow a similar bias. Nonetheless, other outcomes or "goods"- political rights, individual liberties, economic efficiency, and happiness - also matter."

Holism, “dialectica disensiunii” şi argumentarea deliberativă bazată pe valori

Author(s): Cătălin Stănciulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 30+31/2011

A holistic interpretation – in terms of what Brandom (2000) calls „the ontological priority of the social” - of the appeal to subjectivity, interpretation that defines assertions as the assumptions of responsabilities to other participants to what Brandom calls the „game of giving and asking for reasons”, and a Rortyian pragmatist interpretation of the Berlin’s notion of value pluralism (Rorty, 2007) may contribute to an understanding of value-based public deliberative argumentation in terms of what Sartori (2001) calls „dialectic of dissension” rather than in those of Kock’s „enduring dissensus” (Kock, 2003; 2006; 2007; 2009a; 2009b).

Horror a disztópiában, disztópia a horrorban, avagy zsendül a magyar ugar?

Author(s): Lilla Erdei / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2019

Dystopia seems to rule contemporary fiction, whether it be literature or film, popular genre pieces or philosophical parables created by representatives of ‘high art’, snapshots of Western or Hungarian zeitgeist. Genre theory and common sense agree in the most likely explanation: dystopia as a strong diagnosis of anxiety ruling our world. (This statement can also be applied on the so-called post-horror in which topics and elements of the horror genre appear as more diffuse and, at the same time, more focused on societal malaise.) It must be added that dystopia does not only criticize particular societal settings but utopian logic – derived from More and his followers – in general as well for making too direct and ambitious plans for the improvement of the human condition, both in the sense of societal institutions and moral values, and therefore legitimizing the efforts of the different regimes to redesign what it should mean to be human. As this short overview of the Hungarian scene emphasizes, neither writers of dystopian fiction like György Dragomán, Zoltán Bene, Roland Acsai and Zsófi Kemény (and Attila Veres, the societally aware Hungarian representative of weird fiction) nor filmmakers like Kornél Mundruczó and Péter Lichter offer a handbook on how to prevent our society from turning to the totalitarianism, terror, alienation or even annihilation depicted in their works – but the general attitude of warning is still clear to understand.

A disztópiák Alkonyatjától a disztópiák alkonyáig?

Author(s): Péter Gombos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2019

In my study I would like to present the status of juvenile dystopias in literature proceeding from the past and having assumptions about its possible future. First and foremost my intention is to show how they became dominant in juvenile literature and what factors contributed to the sweep of this genre (starting from the appearance of anti-authoritarian literature and the disappearance of taboo topics). I would like to highlight the role of anti-utopias in the 21st century, especially that of “the Twilight of dystopias”, The Hunger Games, the series that helped counter-utopia become a dominant genre. Here I cannot avoid talking about the importance of The Giver in the process. I am also trying to find the reasons of this almost unbelievable popularity, mostly with the help of American findings, taking into consideration the phenomenon of “white dystopias”. Last but not least, with the help of several studies and analyses, I make an attempt to predict the future of the genre.

A megvalósult utópiák földjén

Author(s): Dénes Tamás / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2019

The essay tries to interpret the effacement of the utopian thinking through drafting the features of the digital world. Utopia is being defined as epoch-marking, a mark that can indicate best the orientation towards the future of any era. The Enlightenment, Postmodernity, and the information societies can all be examined by this criteria. The central thesis of the essay claims that utopias seem to have disappeared today because we’ve already entered the world of utopias, of non-spaces. In order to explain this, the author analyzes the space and time related experiences of the information society. In this regard time simplyfies itself to instantaneousness, places become “non-spaces” – using the terms of the antropologist Marc Augé. Through this transformation, as a horizon is being eliminated, and even if not, the future can be conceived without the human factor.

Mędrzec i świat

Author(s): Pierre Hadot / Language(s): Polish Issue: 764/2019

FILOZOFIJA LIBERALIZMA - TEMELJI I OSNOVNI POJMOVI

Author(s): Dželaludin Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2014

The liberal philosophy as a set of normative claimsis facing many challenges. The principles of liberal philosophy are faced with a number of different provenance of questioning, in which liberalism seeks to defend with their own ideological sources. In so far work aims to present the foundations and basic concepts that form the back one of the liberal philosophy. In this regard, the paper presents the principles of tolerance, freedom, individualism and autonomy, equality, and private property, each principle in determining the manner represents liberalism and its individual phases and emphasesin their own development. These are the principles that enable and ensure the perception of liberalism as aunique intellectual tradition. It is therefore important to understand the man return to them as a sugnificant heritage even, or just therefore, they are the same source for complaints about the deficiencies of liberal responsesto the challenges of the modern pluralistic world.

LAVIRINT MOĆI: POLITIČKA FILOZOFIJA FRIDRIHA NIČEA

Author(s): Lino Veljak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2015

Review of: Lino Veljak - Vesna Stanković Pejnović, Lavirint moći: politička filozofija Fridrih Ničea, Mediteran Publishing, Beograd, 2014.

DVIJE RASPRAVE O VLADI

Author(s): Damir Sekulić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2015

Review of: Damir Sekulić - John Locke, Dvije rasprave o vladi, preveo Saša Novak, Naklada Juričić, 2013.

O POLITIČKOM MORALU I NJEGOVOJ OBJEKTIVNOSTI U DWORKINA

Author(s): Zdravko Križić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 48+49/2000

Dworkin chose the middle road between the philosophy of natural law, with all the difficulties of this viewpoint, and legal positivism and other directions that deny the necessary connection between law and morality. His theory of law as integrity, consistently developed during three decades, is challenging and fruitful for discussion. Its attraction lies in the understanding of law as something greater than a system of rules, law being the attitude of judges as well as of citizens who put principles ahead of legal practice in order to determine the best direction into the future and to have the best connection with the past, showing thus that we live in a brotherhood regardless of our different interests and persuosions.

Priča o Alkibijadu

Author(s): Mario Kopić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 26/2017

Demokracija (demokratia), koja doslovno znači vladavinu (kratos) naroda/puka (demos), jest vlast prema kojoj narod vlada nad samim sobom: kao masa ili mnoštvo (plethos). Za razliku i naspram vlasti što je u rukama nema narod, nego narodom vlada bilo jedan određen pojedinac (tiranin, monarh, despot, autokrat, diktator), bilo samo nekolicina, samo neka određena skupina ljudi (aristokrati, oligarsi, teokrati, tehnokrati). Poznajemo dakle autokraciju (autokratia), aristokraciju (aristokratia) i demokraciju. Poseban je povijesni primjer bila "narodna demokracija", naizgled podvojena vlast naroda, pučko pukovlađe, ali zapravo partijska oligarhija koja se skrivala iza "diktature proletarijata".

Свободата и алтернативите на либералната демокрация

Author(s): Olga Simova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2018

This paper investigates the understanding of freedom within two kinds of theories: libertarian theories and theories of participatory democracy. They both attempt to propose an alternative to liberal democracy. The first part of the paper describes the balance between individual, “negative” and political freedom, as well as between freedom and equality – a balance that has already been achieved in theories justifying liberal representative democracy. Against the backdrop of this, the two subsequent parts analyze the understanding of freedom, first, in libertarian theories, which tend to privilege individual freedom by eliminating political freedom and equality, and, second, in theories of participatory democracy, which claim to have resolved the antagonism between freedom and equality, but have actually achieved something quite different: they have pushed aside individual “negative” freedom in favor of political freedom.

"MIKO TRIPALO: OTVORENO DRUŠTVO" Goran Sunajko i Dario Čepo (urednici) - Centar za demokraciju i pravo Miko Tripalo

Author(s): Leon Cvrtila / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01-02/2017

Utylitaryzm reguł, znaczenie intencji i ocena terroryzmu

Author(s): Wacław Janikowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44/2018

Rule utilitarianism, relevance of intention and moral permissibility of terrorism In this paper I consider the puzzling question of moral responsibility of some quite specific terrorist acts. One distinguishable, but highly controversial, example of such a case may be the allied terror-bombing of German cities by English and American forces during the end of World War II, with so many civilian victims. I propose strict definition of terrorism, and after that, go on with the question: Is it really so obvious and certain that all acts of terrorism are impermissible on moral grounds? Then I investigate the relevance of intention for moral evaluation of any case of terrorism. In these matters I get involved in dispute with Jeff McMahan’s thesis that all acts of terrorism are inherently morally wrong and impermissible, and criticize his employment of the Principle of Double Effect.

NIKO NE MORA DA BUDE ZAO

Author(s): Slavoj Žižek / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 142/2008

Još od 2001. godine, Davos i Porto Alegre su dva grada blizanca globalizacije: Davos, ekskluzivno švajcarsko odmaralište gde se globalna elita direktora, državnika i medijskih ličnosti sastaje uz jaku policijsku zaštitu radi održavanja Svetskog ekonomskog foruma u pokušaju da ubedi nas (i sebe samu) da je globalizacija sama sebi najbolji lek; a, s druge strane, Porto Alegre, brazilski grad u suptropskom pojasu gde se sastaje kontraelita pokreta protiv globalizacije u pokušaju da nas (i sebe samu) ubedi da kapitalistička globalizacija nije naša neizbežna sudbina – to jest, kako to kaže njihov zvanični slogan, da je „drugačiji svet moguć“. Međutim, čini se da su sastanci u Porto Alegreu nekako izgubili polet – u proteklih nekoliko godina sve manje slušamo o njima. Kuda su nestale sjajne zvezde Porto Alegrea?

A Foray Into the System of Anthropological Sciences

Author(s): Cristian Bocancea / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2018

In philosophy, theology or modern social sciences, we can always identify an anthropological axiom, that refers to the genesis, the evolution of the human species as well as the ”human nature”. Starting with the modern period, this type of thinking found itself organized as part of some positive sciences, that can be seen as an actual ”system of anthropological sciences”, put together by British, American, French and German scientists. The English have developed what we call ”social anthropology”. In the United States, several academic disciplines have thrived as part of the ”general anthropology”: archeology, physical anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology and applied anthropology. The French are mostly known for their work in the field of ethnography and ethnology. As for the Germans, they focused on studying popular culture (Volkskunde).