Хартово поимање односа права и морала у контексту правног расуђивања

Author(s): Brano Hadži Stević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The author analyzes one aspect of the relationship between law and morality in Herbert Hart’s theory – the one that deals with the judge's reasoning in hard cases, when the issue of legal qualification comes to the fore. In such cases, the dialectical nature of legal reasoning is visible, since the judge comes to a rational decision by valid argumentation rather than by simple deduction. Hart pointed out that in hard cases, the judges have in mind the concept of what law should be, but that is not a sign that there is a necessary connection between law and morality, since the word “should” indicates only that there are some criteria of criticism, which are not necessarily moral criteria. The author will try to analyze his position and determine whetherHart really separated law from morality, what type of connection betweenthe nature of law and moral exists, and what, in Hart's opinion, awareness ofwhat law should be actually implies.

Хенри Сиджуик и философското изграждане на публичността

Author(s): Hristo Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The quotation from The Methods of Ethics by Henry Sidgwick, placed in note 1 in this article, seems to be especially topical today, when astronomy and ethics are very different from what they were in the second half of 19th century. The present-day situation, subjected to the dynamics of development in the realm of social media, suggests that our notions of personal identity and the self-directing moral determination of identity are under the sway of fluidity and the variety of moral discourses in the public sphere. In the 1870s, in his The Methods of Ethics, Sidgwick greatly contributed to the formation of original discussion on that same issue. He was also the moral philosopher who thus proposed a proper interpretation of the philosophical issues regarding person and morality left as a legacy of Early Modern thought in the conceptions of writers such as Locke, Hume, and Kant. The present article discusses all these topics.

ХИЛОН КАК НРАВСТВЕННЫЙ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬ СПАРТЫ

Author(s): Sergey Kocherov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2017

The article assesses the role of one of the Seven Sages, Chilon, a lawgiver and a mentor of the ancient Sparta. The analysis of Chilon’s aphorisms displays that they are not just a sum of worldly wisdoms. More appropriately they may be perceived as a compendium of moral instructions that have become an integral part of the Spartan educational system. A special attention is given to deciphering the original meaning of the maxim “Know thyself” that is attributed to Chilon. The author hypothesizes that in a Spartan polis, whose citizens were used to a minimum of written laws, Chilon’s edification could serve as binding unwritten rules.

Хилъри Пътнам за литературата, морала и социалните науки

Author(s): Marina Bakalova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

This article addresses the issue of how moral philosophy and social sciences can play a role in defining visions of a better future for humanity. The author analyzes Hilary Putnam’s relevant ideas in this respect, including the possible impact of knowledge obtained through literature in this process. The article emphasizes two aspects of Putnam’s discussion. First, the author focuses on what underlies the current inability of social sciences and practical reasoning to perform their proper visionary functions. Second, the author presents certain potentially interesting consequences of Putnam’s ideas on errors in practical reasoning, which are applicable to a classical debate in this field.

ХОРЕОГРАФІЯ ЯК КОНТЕМПОРАРНЕ МИСТЕЦТВО: культурологічний аспект

Author(s): Natalia Korysko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2015

The article covers the problem of the mutual influence of contemporary art and choreography. The author briefly analyzes historical and cultural premises that caused transformations in contemporary choreographic art, the newest cultural processes that influenced it, the development of technology and change in philosophical views of society. Symbolic examples prove choreography to enter all spheres of art. At the same time it should be noted, that the newest synthetic arts influence choreography, urging it to the changes of its own.

Христианская биоетика: Восток и Запад

Author(s): Konstantin Lazukin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 64/2017

Comparative approach to East and West positions in many ways is very difficult, especially today in the context of vast globalization. Mass mobility and impressive migration increasingly blur the boundaries of definitions. However, a certain approach of the parties to moral and ethical principles, including an understanding of "natural law", philosophical thouths variety, anthropological categories, axiological system and historical perspective helps to trace the development of thought and to designate the dichotomy of East and West mentality. Despite the large amount of scholarly work in this field, the issue about choosing the future path of human development has been high on the agenda of bioethics professionals. Lyginamoji Rytų ir Vakarų pozicijų analizė daugeliu aspektų yra labai sudėtinga, ypač šiandieninės globalizacijos kontekste. Masinis žmonių judėjimas ir migracija vis labiau trina apibrėžimų ribas. Vis dėlto, atsižvelgimas į tam tikrą šalių požiūrį į moralinius ir etinius principus, įskaitant „prigimtinės teisės“ suvokimą, filosofinių minčių įvairovę, antropologines kategorijas, aksiologinę sistemą ir istorinę perspektyvą padeda atsekti minties vystymąsi ir įvardyti Rytų ir Vakarų mentalitetų dichotomiją. Nepaisant didelio mokslinių darbų kiekio, atliekamo šioje srityje, tolesnio kelio pasirinkimas žmogaus vystymosi klausimas bioetikos profesionalams išlieka labai aktualiu.

Християнски идеи за свободата на човека и нравствения избор според представителите на руската религиозна философия (Ф. Достоевски, Н. Бердяев и Б. Вишеславцев)

Author(s): Kostadin Nushev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

Within the framework of this article is made an attempt to mark some important Christian ideas about human freedom and their importance for the formation of some basic positions of Christian ethics on moral self-determination and moral choice. Secondly, the article brings some important philosophical ideas and interpretations of freedom and moral choice of three of the prominent representatives of Russian religious philosophy (F. Dostoevsky, N. Berdyaev and B. Visheslavtsev) who are crucial for the Russian intellectual tradition and philosophical approach to the subject of freedom.

Християнският възглед за страданията в контекста на библейските идеи за Божественото наказание

Author(s): Konstantin Kovachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The article is about the Christian and ethical views of the problem related to the suffering reflected in the light of the Biblical points of view and ideas in terms of God’s Rightness and Punishment.

Християнські духовні цінності: людська особистість і релігійна етика М. Бердяєва

Author(s): Anatoliy Yakovenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2007

Доручення Президента України №1-1/657 від 08.07.2005 р. “Щодо подолання морально-духовної кризи суспільства” орієнтує на виховання людини духовно зрілої, морально досконалої. Це можливо виконати ефективно опираючись на вікові істини, християнські духовні цінності, на Бога. І Бог тут не є чимось чужим і зовнішнім для людського “я”, а є його власним ідеалом вищої досконалості, тим, що в самій людині робить її справжньою людиною, є її найвищою свободою, свободою власного перевтілення (переображення), якого можна досягти через творчість людини, що збагачує саме божественне життя. У нашому дослідженні підкреслюється, що для сучасної людини актуальним є устремління до вищих цінностей, до Божественної гармонії й досконалості. Це релігійна, метафізична потреба, яка не усувається ніяким вдосконаленням соціальності, яку можна задовольнити лише релігійною за своєю природою творчістю, творчою самореалізацією людини.

ХУМАHИК?

Author(s): Svetozar Stojanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2000

The author's coinage "Humanic" is made in analogy to "Titanic" and is meant to suggest the possibility and probability of the self-destruction (auto-apocalypse) of a good part of humanity if not of the entire humanity. The section titles indicate the whole range and depth of the problematic centered around this basic diagnosis: Modernity, postmodernity or auto-apocalypse? Post-postmodernism; Alienation of techno-science, Inadequacy of human and society; Image-istic turn and image-istic world; What philosophy, religion and art literature do not tell us? (Anti)apocalyptic moral decisions.

Хуманисти, още едно усилие!

Цветан Тодоров и съвременният дебат за хуманизма

Author(s): Boyan Manchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Хуморът в хуманитаристиката

Author(s): Daniela Konstantinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

Ценностите – универсалии между нормата и емпирията

Author(s): Lyubomir Christov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

In its genesis this work of writing is “nest-like” and particular. It was born in the inevitable for any explorer solitary communion with the books (those most unselfish friends of ours), in conversations, in the spiritual confrontation of concepts, in degrading societal and intellectual relations … Do not ask where! In the overcrowded lap of solitude, of course…. Some of the “nests” date back from those odious totalitarian times. Others shaped up after the “democratic” catastrophe in Eurasia, whose levelling mediocrity and amoral demagogy set out to sweep up certain invaluable and idiosyncratic cultural and ethnic traditions… Verbally, though, they became possible as a result of concentrated philosophical speculation…

Ценностна обусловеност на индивидуалните цели за поведенческа промяна при младежи със социални девиации

Author(s): Teodorina Milusheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

The following paper examines how the ability for goal setting is associated with the specific value-profile of young adults with social deviations. Presumably plain, specific and realistic goals are an effective mechanism and strategy for action and help the individual in addition to achieve motivated and intentional behavioral change. The study was conducted in social work institutions for young adults with deviant behavior – shelters and transitional programs, therapeutic communities and rehabilitation programs. The analysis outlines motivational and value-profile differences between the groups. Respondents also differ in terms of ability for specific, relevant and attainable goal setting regarding behavior change. The ability for goal setting is positively correlated to social deviation awareness, stages of change and motivational profile of youngsters.

Цицерон и Сенека о пријатељству

Author(s): Slobodanka S. Prtija / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

This paper analyses the views of Cicero and Seneca on the nature and origins of friendship. By comparing their views and thoughts on friendship, we notice the similarities and differences between these two Roman writers. Cicero and Seneca wrote the most important classical Latin texts on friendship. Cicero’s dialogue Laelius de amicitia is partly praise of friendship and partly a discussion of various questions that deal with friendly relations. While Cicero wrote this work in 44 BC, the fictional settings of the dialogue between Gaius Laelius and his two sons-in-law, Gaius Fannius and Quintus Mucius Scaevola, took place many years earlier in 129 BC. Scaevola revealed to a young Cicero decades later (88 BC) what he learned from Laelius about the nature and value of friendship. The definition and practice of friendship are treated in only several letters of Seneca’s Epistulae morales ad Lucilium. Letters 3, 6, and 9 deal with the theme of friendship. In addition to these letters, letter 109 is usually also considered a friendship letter. The primary difference between the two writers is that Cicero’s dialogue belongs to a different literary genre from Seneca’s philosophical letters addressed to his friend Lucilius. Cicero’s work deals more broadly with friendship in political life and devotes considerable attention to the questions around the (in)stability of friendship. Besides diverse philosophical sources, in particular, Peripatetic and Stoic, Cicero adduces his own insight. In Laelius de amicitia he defines true friendship (vera amicitia) as an accord in all things, human and divine, conjoined with mutual goodwill and affection (omnium divinarum humanarumque rerum cum benevolentia et caritate consensio, 20) with its basis in virtue (nec sine virtute amicitia esse ullo pacto potest, 20). Therefore, Cicero asserts that only virtuous and good people (viri boni) can be true friends. He distinguishes true friendship between boni and friendship between Stoic sages (18‒9). Seneca, as a Stoic, speaks of the consummate Stoic sage, namely in letters 9 and 109. According to Seneca, the basis of true amicitia is a shared will to achieve and maintain virtue (cum animos in societatem honesta cupiendi par voluntas trahit, 6.3). Both Cicero and Seneca agree that true friendship requires people who possess or pursue virtus (Amic. 92; Ep. 109.16). Seneca goes further and, dealing with the relation between friendship (amicitia) and self-sufficiency (ἀυταρκεία), emphasizes that the ideal sage who is self-sufficient naturally wants to have friends, not so they can help him in his need, but so he can help his friends. Therefore, the main element of Seneca’s view of friendship is the importance of amicitia for one’s progress towards, and the development of, virtue. Accordingly, Seneca links moral progress to friendship asserting that by training the other in virtus, he exercises his own virtus (109.12).

ЦІННІСНИЙ АСПЕКТ ФОРМУВАННЯ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ

Author(s): Artem Shahan / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2014

The article deals with the formation of value orientations of citizens under conditions of ambivalent public rhetoric. The system of values of civic culture, characterized by the motivation to create certain values, namely the attitude of the individual to himself as the subject of civil society, critical thinking, optimism, positive attitude to social reality, the need for active participation in social processes and significant changes.The theoretical factual paper describes the scientific approach to the definition of conceptual and categorical apparatus. The author examines the concept of "civic culture" as a special subsystem of general culture, from the perspective of evolutionism and functionality. Exploring the structure of culture the author isolates its relationship with modality, the maturity of society, thoughts and actions, characteristic of a society, social dependency, behavioral patterns, values and ideas that reflect the relationship of features that is specifically taken from society.Special attention is focused on the author's definition and characteristics under the concept of "value". The author argues that it is the value of organizing knowledge, motivating behavior and activities of the individual, making human life filled with meaning.Summarizing scientific approaches to the definition of the concept the author identifies two main groups of values which are important in the formation of human beings, namely, material and spiritual, and concludes that values are ideas, norms, processes, relations material and spiritual order, having a positive objective value and are able to meet the specific needs of people. Human values is the link that connects its public and private life.Based on the scientific analysis of the author defines defines the value system of modern trends of Ukrainian state. The author believes that things that happened in Ukraine are caused by a break of certain social consciousness of citizens , determined the transition from traditional society to an innovative type of paternalism to civic participation,from authoritarianism to democracy. This process is accompanied by the transformation of value systems that formed the basis of society and state.The author believes that Ukrainian society has undergone fundamental structural changes due to the destruction of the existing value system for decades. Social transformation led not only to changes in economic, political and cultural institutions, but also become a source of instability social environment caused blurring objects identification values. There is a contradictory process radical reassessment of the totality of values, which leads to difficulties in adapting to the individual requirements of modern times, strengthens the processes of social anomie.The author believes that the important form of expression of civic culture is law and morality. The law and morality form the model and the value-normative standards of society orientations.In the process of historical development of civic culture the ideals and norms of rationality have been absorbed.This active, rational-activist culture in my opinion, is today a prerequisite of social and cultural development of manyWestern countries. That culture directs people to actively mastering social reality in all its spheres.According to the author in the structure of civic culture stand stable values not subject to the passage of time, we can say, classic, universal primary function is to convert the objective imperatives of social activity in the subjective goals, motives actions and deeds. Civic values is to strengthen the existing system, they meet the criterion of general significance and that is objectively serve the integrity of society by rationing behavior of the person.In conclusion, the author distinguishes four important basic components, namely cognitive, as the basis of socio-psychological, economic, political, legal, cultural and historical knowledge; axiological as important values, an ideal position; reflexive, as a special ability to think critically, the ability to explore and discuss the nature of events, using various sources of information, etc.; behavioral, as a way of socially transformative activities based on sustainable values.Characteristic features of civic culture is its autonomy, rationality, and rational-critical attitude to reality, democracy, tolerance and pluralism. The ability to exercise their rights, freedoms, availability of high responsibility towards society and the state, patriotism . Those are valuable principles on which is formed a high level of civic culture.The author argues that the purpose of civic culture is to build value orientations of members of civil society, as well as symbolic and normative mediation of their interaction with each other. Without civic culture, understood as the capacity for dialogue, consensus and co-operation in general civil purposes, the company is doomed to collapse.

ЦІННІСНІ ДЕВІАЦІЇ В СОЦІАЛЬНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ ЯК ЗАГРОЗА СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНОМУ РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ

Author(s): Evgen Mykolayovych Manuylov,Yury Yuriyovych Kalinovsky / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2021

Problem setting. Nowadays, social networks have become an integral part of communication processes in society. The influence of social networks on the socio-cultural development of Ukraine has both positive and negative manifestations, since both values and antivalues are spread in these communication systems, there are subjects who are guided by the norms of morality and law, and those who neglect them, direct their efforts to the harmonization of a certain sphere of public life, or vice versa, produces xenophobic sentiments, inciting enmity in the domestic society at the cultural, national, religious and other levels.Recent research and publications analysis. Significant numbers of scientific works are aimed at elucidating the signs and criteria of deviating as a social phenomenon. According to A. Demkiv, those values, the worldview and behavior that deviate from the organizational culture that exist in a certain social community are considered deviant. In the context of this research, it is important to note A. Khlebnikova’s reflections on the recognition and determination of the axiological status of the social network in modern society and the scientific work of P. Kravchenko, which proves that religion, morality, values, language, traditions contribute to the internal consolidation of local social groups, and in this process, social networks perform a leading role. Researchers A. Onishchenko, V. Gorovoy, V. Popik and others devoted their scientific research to uncovering the negative impact of social networks on the development of the Ukrainian state and its socio-cultural and informational spheres.Paper objective. This research involves the disclosure of the negative impact of value deviations of social network subjects on the domestic socio-cultural area, information and spiritual security of Ukraine.Paper main body. The wide range of values presented in social networks has a consolidating, humanistic nature - they are reproduced by scientific and creative communities, spiritual and cultural associations, volunteer and human rights organizations, and so on. In turn, anti-values are presented in the content of extremist organizations, xenophobic associations of various orientations, which creates an ideological basis for the emergence of social conflicts, disintegration processes, and civil confrontation. Thus, social networks have become an influential actor in the development of the socio-cultural, spiritual, value, information space of our country.Considering Ukrainian society as a holistic formation, it is worth noting that value deviations are those ideas about the ways of being and about spiritual life that do not correspond to the humanistic and national guidelines for the democratic development of Ukrainian society. In the context of the research, worldview guidelines that contradict moral attitudes, existing legal norms, accepted traditions of the domestic society, etc. can be considered as value deviations in social networks.Freedom in social networks has a dual manifestation: on the one hand, it is free opportunities for self-realization of individuals and diverse perspectives for the development of the country’s socio-cultural space, and on the other hand, freedom in social networks creates conditions for the popularization of antihuman attitudes, pseudo-values, xenophobic ideologies and worldview systems.Conclusions of the research. The value deviations of social network subjects are a logical continuation of the deformations of the moral, political, legal, spiritual and other humanistic direction attitudes that are widespread in Ukrainian society. Undoubtedly, the influence of value deviations on domestic socio-cultural development is destructive and it can manifest itself in illegal, immoral, aggressive models of behavior.

Ціннісні засади глобальної ділової етики

Author(s): Volodymyr Zabolotny / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2009

The article devoted to the up-to-day processes of inquiring for universal value bases of global ethic and business ethic specific. Particularities of traditional East and West ethics are revealing and those differences of entrepreneurial ethics that are the nature of capitalisms’ "spirit". Systematization of values foundations in different projects of global ethics, establishing the possibility and necessity of making active the ethical regulation in the sphere of business.

Цінність як феномен онтологічного процесування і синкретичності культури

Author(s): Maxim V. Kozmenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2012

The article gives a theoretical justification of the phenomenon as archetypal values and fundamental element of syncretic culture and processing energy component within the ontology.

Черната смърт: реакции и сътресения

(няколко примера от късносредновековната култура)

Author(s): Sergey Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 54/2021

This article briefly describes the disturbing effects of the bubonic plague pandemic (later known as “the black death”) on the culture of late medieval Europe. The main focus of this text is on the exemplar description by Giovanni Boccaccio in his novel Decameron of the devastations and the turmoil, caused by the plague on the 14th century Florentine society.