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This article discusses the relationship between internet addiction, which is a widespread problem, and ethical action and sensitivity changes that are expected to arise due to usage of internet and virtual world. It is aimed to demonstrate that moral development stages and ethical actions can change in the light of evaluation of differantiation of communication in the internet and virtual world from the actual social life. Furthermore, factors such as uncontrolled action and facilitation of accessibility to pleasure have been theoretically shown to facilitate internet dependency.
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In this paper, when I use the concept of ‘early Christian literature’ I mean the body of texts from Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages that affects the controversies around the issue of God’s Grace and the role of free human will in the context of making a choice in a strict ethical sense. For that reason, firstly, here I analyze the problems that arose with relation to the doctrine of Pelagius. Secondly, in this paper, by ‘recent receptions ofthis early Christian literature in Bulgaria’ I mean those receptions – in a theological, literary, and ethical sense - that we encounter in current studies of Christian Latin literature done by the promising young researcher Rosen Milanov. Thirdly, the present study attempts to answer the question of the ethical connotations of those same receptions in the present-day moral controversies in Bulgaria – a country rich in conservativeviews of Eastern Orthodox nature, concerning contemporary ethical issues such as those related to the ratification of the Istanbul Convention last year. In this way it may be possible to obtain a more clear outlook on how such distant historical events as the Pelagian controversy about the value of free moral choice could still influence the modification processes in the sociocultural layers of modern Bulgarian society with its Eastern Orthodoxheritage.
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Contemporary philosophy pays particular attention to the discourse on the diversity of life forms and the limits of biopolitical power. The American philosopher Eugene Thacker, who has analysed the concept of life from Aristotle to the present, argues that life has not been discussed in its own terms, but has been the subject of appeals to other disciplines, such as biology, theology, ontology and so on. Deleuze describes life as an impersonal, inorganic power, an absolute immanence that obeys only itself. His concept of pure immanence laid the foundations for the concept of biophilosophy. Foucault's analysis of the concept of life drew attention to the relationship between life and power, which he described as the basic mechanism of biopolitics. Now philosophers are looking for a new approach to understanding the essence of life, which would not be tied to the object and subject, but would be immanent only to itself. Biophilosophy attempts to provide such approach by rethinking classical philosophy.
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Spinoza and Kant are considered to be polar opposites with respect to ethics. The radical difference between them is supposed to consist in Spinoza’s ethical egoism, or interest-based Strebensethik, and Kant’s duty-cantered, deontological Sollensethik. I challenge this opposition and argue that both in Kant and Spinoza we deal with a notion of the self’s realization that is “interest”-based and therefore does not involve self-sacrifice. I show, on the one hand, that the streben in Spinoza’s Strebensethik consists in realising one’s essentially human interest, which resides in ethical-rational action, and, on the other hand, that sollen in Kant’s Sollensethik is in fact a streben of the Kantian “proper self” (eigentliches Selbst) after the realization of its ethical-rational interest.
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Many critics of Martha Nussbaum claim that her account of the capabilities approach is a perfectionist theory that does not provide a unique standpoint to political justice and only complements Rawls’ conception of primary goods. The purpose of this article is to show that the capabilities approach differs from primary goods in a sense that the former is orientated towards the ends of a good life, while the latter towards the means. The author argues that the capabilities approach takes an intermediate position between neutrality and perfectionism, maintains a position of relative autonomy, and in turn it can be viewed as a unique metapolitical category, that is to say, a principle of politics capable of accommodating different political views.
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In this article, Levinas’ philosophy is interpreted as an ethical and Talmudic consideration of existential paths. After Auschwitz, the concept of otherness and the diversity of other faces presupposes a free and diverse “being on the road,” an ethics of journey, and denies theodicy and an essentialist interpretation of being. The thesis is proven by comparing Levinas’, Baranova’s and Adorno’s approaches to ethics and Exegesis. Levinas’ philosophy is elaborated by referring to the exegetics of the Exodus and the concept of an incomprehensibility of Auschwitz. The author discusses the philosophies of Levinas and Adorno who both consider the Holocaust as an occurrence not open to interpretation. Levinas advocates the end of theodicy as a justification for divine history and argues the primacy of ethics, while Adorno develops anti-theodicy and presents the relevance of critique of instrumental reason.
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This article aims at presenting Meister Eckhart’s category of interior poverty as a contemporary proposal for the issue of sustainable consumption. Attempts to appropriate the discourse almost exclusively by means of economic optics seem unfounded in this context. Indeed, the issue of sustainable consumption is multifaceted, hence the idea to look at it from the perspective of the original thought of Meister Eckhart, who remains remarkably contemporary in his views on interior poverty. Renunciation in the form of depriving man of desires above all and not of things themselves remains a challenge to the intemperance and excesses of our everyday choices; moreover, the positioning of duty in being rather than action, in other words, by Meister Eckhart, is closer to our times than we used to think and remains an inspiring factor for contemporary searches for the core of personal interior preparation within a context of intemperate consumption.
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It needs to be clarified in the literature as to how humanism could embrace environmental ecosystems in cities and society. Some scholars argue that Stakeholder Theory could help bridge the environmental ecosystems under a humanist approach. For this reason, this study aims to fill this gap by exploring how Stakeholder Theory and Humanism can be connected to the fostering of sustainable development in cities and society. The main findings highlighted in the urban and societal contexts the role of stakeholder and humanist responsibility, the role of stakeholder consensus about humanist themes and environmental issues, and last but not least important, the need to consider the environment as a non-human stakeholder in social and urban governance. These directions should also be further detailed and explored in the multi/interdisciplinary fields of Sociology, Philosophy, Social Sciences, Humanities, Political Science, and Urban Studies. Therefore, this study provided a conceptual framework of three propositions which revealed that a stakeholder-oriented and humanism-oriented governance can embrace environmental concerns in cities and societies. In this way, consensus, responsibility, and considering the environment as a non-human stakeholder are critical elements in urban and social governance.
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The publication is devoted to the question of the place of the state and citizen-user in cyberspace. Two opposite approaches are considered, each of which is based on the positions of the primacy of a state or a person in the issue of cybersecurity. The arguments of the supporters of both approaches are given and the conclusion is made about the effectiveness of their dialectical interaction in order to increase the effectiveness of cybersecurity measures.
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The article examines the philosophical, moral and ethical, psychological, political and social aspects of the war in Ukraine through the prism of the consequences for the child. Investigating war as a phenomenon that destroys the stability of an established environment, the article analyzes the essence of a person as a relationship of emotional, spiritual, and psychological states. Attention is focused on the destructive impact of hostilities on the child’s psyche, as well as on his existential experience.
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As a crossing point of the ideological options, of ethnic issues and confessional confrontations, the Romanian culture seems to obey the alternating rhythm of the historical loss of memory and, at the same time, of the anamnesis. On this background, the present times always appear as being doubtful, always menaced. Such tearing proved to be advantageous to the proliferation of many ideologies which found the ideal scene for materialization. Thus, the literary ideologies appear as natural reflexes to this kind of tectonics. In fact, there is not any specifically Romanian in all these phenomena. Ruptures have always been instrumented and used in ideological battles everywhere on the earth.
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Government all over the world exists to provide essential services to the citizens because that is the only way the citizens can feel the positive impact of governance. This paper examined the effects of ethics and accountability in governance on effective and efficient public service delivery. There cannot be effective and efficient public service delivery if there is the absence of ethics and accountability in governance in the public sector. Those who carry out the task of governance are given the power by the citizens and as such expected to ensure that the power given is used to deliver efficient and effective public services. This paper is qualitative in nature because data for the paper were gathered through secondary means and analyzed through the historical and descriptive methods. The paper adopted the social contract theory as theoretical framework. The paper found out that the low level of public service delivery in Nigeria which has manifested in high level of unemployment, poverty and insecurity is as a result of lack of strict adherence to ethics and accountability by those saddled with the responsibility of delivering public services in Nigeria. The paper recommended amongst other things that the citizens must be alive to their responsibility of ensuring they hold government and its officials to account for their actions and inactions and be ready to throw away inefficient government through elections and other legitimate means.
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This study aims to map out the ways in which ethics (moral philosophy) and International Relations (IR) are converged around certain norms in the literature. Besides comprising communitarian and cosmopolitan norms and values in Normative IR Theory (Normative Theory) in which the two academic disciplines are congregated, this mapping tries to display that certain norms in some critical theories has tangible ethical meanings as well. Thus, it can be claimed that ethics in IR has in fact larger intellectual and theoretical dimensions. Accordingly, “community/state” which is one of the ethical norms and driving force of political acts and attitudes in Normative Theory put forward by communitarianism, and the other one which is “universal right” in cosmopolitanism are discussed at first. Then, the “class” norm of Marxism, the “race” norm of Postcolonialism, the “gender” norm of Feminism and the “environment” norm of Green Theory which are asserted as the determiners of policies and actions, are treated within the context of ethics. In conclusion, it is exhibited that international ethical studies cannot be bounded with Normative Theory.
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Procjenjivanje etičkih, pravnih i političkih prilika u nekoj državi pretpostavlja prihvatanje epistemoloških kriterija. Obično su ti kriteriji razlučeni u sedam dimenzija: (1) neznano je saznatljivo; (2) napredovanje je uz iskušenja i pogreške; (3) mjerenja i teorija su nerazdvojivi; (4) analogija omogućuje uvid; (5) nova istina je povezana starom istinom; (6) nadopunjavanja čuvaju od protivrječnosti; i (7) velike posljedice proistječu iz malih izvora. To je primjenjivo za svaki pothvat unaprjeđenja znanja. Potrebno je istaći važnost da ti kriteriji budu s odgovarajućom strogošću primjenjivani na složene uzajamnosti koje se tiču politike, prava i ekonomije. Ovdje će u okviru pitanja o ustavnoj historiji bosanskohercegovačkog društva biti ukazano na neke od najvažnijih činjenica ontotopološke uzajamnosti etike, prava i politike. To znači da je pitanje o tome stanju neodvojivo od druga dva – otkuda i kako je to društvo dospjelo u ovu svoju sadašnjost te kamo i kako iz nje može dospjeti u bolje stanje? Iako je pravo u središtu ove rasprave, njegova nemogućnost izvan etičkog i političkog okvira je to na što valja ukazivati.
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Napaść Rosji na niezależną Ukrainę, zbrodnie rosyjskie popełniane na terenach okupowanych i konieczność opuszczenia kraju przez miliony mieszkańców Ukrainy to wydarzenia bezprecedensowe w powojennej historii Europy.
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Benjamin Franklin brought forward the principles of natural law and morality as the main element in judging the particular acts of human behavior and which of his actions are right or wrong, good or harmful to others around them. His view of democratic citizenship is at the heart of creating a democratic society in which questions of the citizenship, the federalism, the constitutional government, the role of civil association, and religious freedom are freely debated. He introduced the rationality in the actions, and the skepticism in planning and implementation, not only in politics but also in life as at the base of the pyramid of prescriptions stand virtues as a manifestation of high intelligence. He was the statesman at the heart of the formation of the young American nation's mentality, and some of his thoughts gave rise to the most powerful economy in the world. For many, Franklin is in many ways an exceptional historiographical case, encompassing the global emergence of political economy and at the same time codifying a typically capitalist ethos.
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This article is intended as an essay about love. I regard love as one of the wonders of the world, as the most beautiful and great human feeling – an expression of the innermost experiences of the human heart and human soul.
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The Authors discussed the basic truths of Pope John Paul II’s personalistic philosophy, upbringing in the light of the philosophy of christian personalism and the significance of educational values in the Pope’s teachings. Material and methods: An analysis of chosen doctrines connected with health. The analyses used documents and teachings of John Paul II, bishop and professor Karol Wojtyła’s papers on ethics and other papers on the teachings of the Pope. Results: The Pope saw the task of rasing the young generaton in conveying the proper hierarchy of values, with health seen as a gift, appreciation for it as respecting it in every person and multiplying it as a common and personal good. Conclusions: John Paul II accentuated the dignity of every person, and build upon it the notion of health in a perspective of salvation, inseparable from spiritual and moral health. The Pope incorporated health in the strict hierarchy of christian values.
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