Игрови аспекти на трансценденталните схематизации

Author(s): Kristiyan Enchev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

The aim of the article is to check the possibility for virtual phenomena, or their elements, to interact with one another and to produce a pluralistic critical ontology. A transition from a priori to a posteriori is to be conducted with the following modifications of paradigm: transcendental synthesis becomes a dynamic condition for immediate experience; imagination appears as a distinct potentiality, as an „inter-topos“ of free figuring when pro-cepts meet schema-images. In that sense, imagination obtains the status of „active potentiality“, or a kind of pliable modus of the transcendental synthesis.

Контекстуални и теоретически аспекти на учението за естествената машина на Г. В. Лайбниц

Author(s): Lydia Kondova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

This article discusses the specific distinction Leibniz drew between natural and artificial machines and aims to clarify the contextual and theoretical particularities associated with this theory, thus serving as a kind of introduction to highly specialized research, particularly that conducted by Michel Fichant. The modern debate on the ideality vs. the reality of the body is typical of this problem field; the aim being to define the place of the body in this debate and to evaluated the role this doctrine plays in resolving the question. For this purpose, the study sets itself the following main tasks: (1) to serve as an introduction to the problem of the relation between body and substance, presenting the specifics of the ontological scheme and the metaphysical proofs of substances; (2) to clarify the historical and philosophical context in which Leibniz’s concept of the organic machine appeared; (3) to analyze the categories of aggregate and organism, of natural and artificial machine; (4) to demonstrate in what sense it may be said the natural machine meets the necessary and sufficient conditions that define a substance – namely, to be united and active; and (5) to define the dividing line between the natural machine and artificial ones. The study concludes with a brief recapitulation of past achievements and, registering the interest provoked among other scholars, defines the significance of Fichant’s contribution to the solving the problems related to Leibniz’s metaphysical system that are of key importance for our times.

Аргументът на Пътнам срещу философския бихевиоризъм

Author(s): Dimitar Elchinov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

This article presents a critique of Hillary Putnam’s influential argument against philosophical behaviourism, as expounded in his article “Brains and Behaviour”, dating from 1963. The author begins with a brief reconstruction of philosophical behaviourism as such, and his critique proceeds in parallel with the reconstruction of Putnam’s argument against it. The main problems the article identifies in this argument are: 1) that it is speculative and hence vague; 2) that it unfoundedly ascribes to philosophical behaviourism an ontological commitment, and attacks its empirical stance in a way suited for a critique of a metaphysical stance.

Потенциалност на освободеното време

Author(s): Kristiyan Enchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2-3/2017

In my article, I introduce the idea of “broken” imagination, splitting it into force and forcelessness. Force – as far as an image, in its plasticity, is released for kinship. Forcelessness – imagination itself comes into contact with the impossible, which in itself is unimaginable. The element of singularity coming from the imagining entity has a weakening effect on the imagination, “weakens” with respect to singular specifics, this being a “weakness” of this particular (subjective) singularity. The forcelessness of the imagination, in turn, carries a un-predefined possibility to create kinship ties between imagery contents as “released time”. The idea of a form without substance that constantly transforms itself raises the question of the truth of the virtual being of the self-transforming form: this is the meaning of а neologistic nomination of the reformed virtualism – virtualetic metamorphysics.

Еквивалент и метафора

Author(s): Vyara Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2-3/2017

The article compares Max Black’s views on metaphor as substitution, comparison and interplay. The author refers to Alfred Stiеglitz’s theory of equivalents as a demonstration of Black’s interplay theory, showing that, in some aspects, the theory of equivalents has a broader and deeper creative potential. The article presents the development of the theory of equivalents in the works of Bernard Stiеgler, Minor White, and George Legrаdy.

Ръселовата философска логика: 25 години залози и печалби

Author(s): Denitsa Zhelyazkova,Kristiyan Enchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2-3/2017

Лингвистичният обрат и раждането на логическия анализ на езика: Готлоб Фреге (1891–1895)

Author(s): Kamen Lozev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 6/2018

The paper reveals the changes which took place in Frege’s way of thinking in the years 1891-1895 with regard to some fundamental notions defended in his Begriffsschrift, 1879. The “judgeable content” was rethought in terms of its Sinn (meaning) and Bedeutung (sense or denotation). This change of mind helped Frege explain the epistemological and informative aspects of identity statements and prepared the ground for precise formulation of some of his important conclusions presented in the first volume of his Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, 1893. The paper traces the application of the notions of Sinn and Bedeutung to proper names of objects, concept words and sentences. The author emphasizes Frege’s arguments as to why the Bedeutung of the sentence should be its truth-value.

Ролята на Васил Хаджистоянов-Берон за духовното развитие на България и интегрирането ѝ в европейската култура

Author(s): Martin Tabakov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The main objective of the article is to make a comprehensive study of the life and activity of Dr. Vasil Hadjistoyanov-Beron and highlight his contributions to the intellectual development of Bulgaria and the integration of Bulgaria into European science and culture, particularly to the development of Bulgarian science, education, enlightenment and culture. Vasil Hadjistoyanov-Beron was an encyclopedist; he was the compiler of the first Bulgarian textbook on natural history, the first textbook on logic, the first German and French grammar books (in Bulgarian), and the first scholar to make archaeological excavations in Bulgaria. Headmaster of the Bolgrad High School and a member of the Constituent National Assembly that adopted the Tarnovo Constitution (1879), he contributed to the institutional building of the Bulgarian state. The article deals consecutively with his youth years – when some of his views were formed, with the years of his medical practice in Romania, and with his activities in Turnovo and Bolgrad. Particular attention is devoted to his merits for the establishment of the Bulgarian national identity, the awakening of Bulgarian national consciousness, his struggle for an independent Bulgarian church and Bulgarian education. In a separate section, we analyze his book on logic. The text is mainly based on recollections of his youngest daughter, which she shared with her grandson (the author of this article).

IN MEMORIAM

Author(s): Martin Tabakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

Statystyka jako jedna z nauk realnych

Author(s): Mirosław Szreder / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2014

The author discusses the views expressed by Julian Daszkowski in the article "On rhetorical and non-logical aspects of applied statistics". Without under-mining the fundamental goal of reflection for it to philosophical dilemmas of science statistics, the inconsistencies in theoretical considerations were stressed by the author of polemics. He especially emphasizes the importance of mathematics and of probability for statistical surveys.

O retoryczności i nielogiczności statystyki stosowanej

Author(s): Julian Daszkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2014

Starting from basic research the article describes a structure of applied statistics as parallel to the structure of Aristotle's rhetoric, embedded in his dialectics. According to the author the essential functional similarity between them lies in the acceptance of probability not only in persuading adversaries but also in statistical inference. As a result, the theoretical argument reflections on scientific activities can serve the research practice.

Modyfikacja testu niezależności

Author(s): Piotr Sulewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2013

This paper proposes a modification of the classic test of independence chi-square involving the use of modular statistics, as a measure of discrepancy between the observed and hypothetical distribution. Module statistics differs from Pearson chi-square statistics that deviation square of the theoretical and expected empirical probability is replaced by absolute value. For the proposed statistics is given the critical value |X|α by different size samples of significance α∈{0,01; 0,05; 0,1}. The ability of two-part tables was examined to detect a relationship between characteristics, defined as the power of the test as well as the results were compared with the power of the test of independence, using statistics by X2 z (k – 1)(w – 1) degrees of freedom. The author examined whether the distribution of discrepancy measurements of two-part tables is consistent with the theoretical distribution of chi-square by X2 z (k – 1)(w – 1) degrees of freedom. Their usefulness in statistical practice was indicated too.

Основи на идеогенезиса (Откъси)

Author(s): Krassimir Mantchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 52/2020

Mesto spekulativne gramatike u ranoj Hajdegerovoj filozofiji

Author(s): Bojan Sretović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 34/2020

Heidegger’s often neglected early work on logic bears traces of what would become his later philosophy’s turn to language. Following Husserl’s claim in “Logical Investigations“ that the existence of a priori laws which determine the possible forms of meaning speaks to the old idea of a universal grammar, Heidegger offered a phenomenological reading of Duns Scotus’ De modis significandi. In addition to phenomenology as the dominant strain, Heidegger in his habilitation work attempted to bring together neo-Scholasticism, neo-Kantism and the philosophy of life. The neo-Kantian preoccupation with the problem of fringe phenomena, such as the impersonal sentence, the question and negative judgment, was of particular significance for Heidegger. While Husserl’s idea of pure grammar took precedent over Lask’s metagrammatical theory of predication, Lask’s presence in Heidegger’s early work was immense. His examination of the role of reflexive categories drew Heidegger’s attention to the hidden structures in living language upon which philosophical discourse must draw.

Islamski pristup kritičkom razmišljanju i primjena u odgojno-obrazovnom procesu

Author(s): Dina Sijamhodžić-Nadarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 24/2020

The first section of this paper shows how the Qur'an relates to critical thinking and the encouragement of higher cognitive processes in man, including both the ethical and educational aspects. A variety of Qur’anic concepts that indicate higher intellectual processes and critical thinking are analyzed. The Sunni perspective, which encourages the development of critical reasoning and understanding, is also emphasized. The paper also reviews medieval Islamic scholarship, which, following the Qur'anic and Sunni idea of promoting critical thinking, advocated the spread of scientific reasoning by elaborating theoretical and practical concepts of teaching that would promote higher cognitive levels in students, taking care of ethical, moral and emotional aspects of education. These ideas and concepts, that are still relevant and applicable in the new educational context, need further operationalization and elaboration, which is pointed out in the paper.

La presencia del estoicismo de Lucio Anneo Séneca en la literatura española durante la Edad Media y su proyección posterior hasta el siglo XVII

Author(s): Angel Vega Guardia / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 12/2018

This article analyzes the deep mark left by the Cordovan philosopher throughout an extensive historical period. The influence of his Stoic thought began to be obvious from the fifth century. Numerous translations, copies and writings confirmed this fact. Progressively this doctrine became decisive and crucial during the Late Middle Ages, being already an intellectual phenomenon from the fifteenth century. This was reflected in the morality exposed by the Neostoicism movement, especially Francisco de Quevedo.

AL-ATTASOVA FILOZOFIJA ZNANOSTI: ISLAMIZACIJA ZNANJA

Author(s): Dževad Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2010

Muslim understanding of modern science is predominantly marked by its instrumentalist conception according to which modern science is metaphysically and ethically neutral. Such understanding of modern science overlooks its basic epistemistic and methodic event which lies in abstract mathematical, leveling, reductionistic plan, set up before any research, that determines the way in which beings or happenings are being thrown to the very research. In such a predominantly Muslim understanding Naquib al-Atttas stands out with his own critical position. He belongs to the circle of contemporary Muslim thinkers who have devoted significant attention to the consideration and revival of Islamic philosophy, knowledge and education in which horizons one should seek answers to the challenges of modern technological scientific western culture.

Boj za okus in moralno odličnost: tipologija vrednotnih habitusov

Author(s): Breda Luthar / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 039/2002

Članek se ukvarja z operacionalizacijo pojma življenjskega stila kot načina performativne konstrukcije simbolne neenakosti v sodobni družbi. Avtorica meni, da za empirično preiskovanje kulturnih praks ne zadošča izčrpno beleženje praks in izbir okusa, saj te predstavljajo le posledice kulturne konstrukcije razrednosti. Ugotavljati je potrebno etično ozadje "boja za okus", ki nam šele pojasni logiko skupinjenja. To pa pomeni, da je potrebno odkriti trajnejšo osnovo družbenih praks in kulturnih okusov - etične drže ali interpretativne skupnosti, ki delajo kulturne izbire smiselne in predvidljive. V drugem delu članka so predstavljeni rezultati empiričnega raziskovanja - segmentacija respondentov v pet vrednotnih tipov ali pet idealtipskih "interpretativnih skupnosti" v Sloveniji na osnovi anketiranja reprezentativnega vzorca respondentov.

Challenges of Non-classical Logic to Philosophy

Author(s): Martin Tabakov / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

We are discussing important problems prior to philosophy of logic that Non-classical logic has raised. The main one is the proliferation and, respectively, the question of monism and pluralism in logic. Another challenge to philosophy, related to the imposition of non-classical logic, is the appearance and application of the term “philosophical logic”. For me, two questions related in fundamental ways. Because I believe that one of the answers to the question, “What, actually, is “philosophical logic’?” is that part of its task is to philosophically discuss precisely the problems that the emergence and validation of non-classical logic pose for philosophy. And this is a concrete example of how to understand the tasks of the still unclear concept of "philosophical logic". So I will first focus on this notion.As for the reasons for the term – “scientific and theoretical”, and “social and practical”, I will mainly focus on the first, but in the end I will also touch on the second.

Дилемата на Бенасераф и неомайнонгианството

Author(s): Boris Nikolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

This article aims to present the application of neo-Meinongianism to Benacerraf's dilemma. This dilemma embodies the problems of the ontology of mathematical objects. The two schools of thought in philosophy of mathematics – realism and anti-realism, are the two sides of the dilemma. The dilemma poses a challenge to the ontology of mathematical objects: in order to be adequate, it must not make the semantic and epistemological problems related to it unsolvable. This further complicates the ontology of mathematical objects. In a sense, we can assume that neo-Meinongianism, as a non-traditional approach, can offer a satisfactory solution to the dilemma, for, on the one hand, it preserves the standard referential semantics and, on the other, it makes a modification in the epistemology of mathematical objects.