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Семантични манипулации в публичния дискурс
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Семантични манипулации в публичния дискурс

Author(s): Martin Tabakov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 5/2017

The article discusses semantic manipulations in which manipulative suggestions are made using specially selected words. Some of these examples of manipulations have become established and are very hard to refute. The notions of “left-wing” and “right-wing” are mutually related mainly in terms of state intervention in the economy and redistribution. It is not correct to qualify populist, nationalist, xenophobic political parties – or, recently, anti-immigrant parties – as “extreme right”, when there is actually a very small “right-wing” component in them and they are primarily “left-wing”. In referring to the National Socialists as “Nazi”, the word “Socialist” is manipulatively concealed. The article also indicates the semantically incorrect use of phrases such as “Turkish slavery”, “corruption”, “king”, “Russophile”, “majority”, etc.

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THE CATHARTIC FUNCTION OF COMMUNICATION

THE CATHARTIC FUNCTION OF COMMUNICATION

Author(s): Maria Pescaru,Mihaela Luminița Sandu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Often, communication is defined as a particular form of the exchange relationships between two or more persons, two or more groups. Iassessment or solving of problems, but sharing one's own feelings, the effort to know and understand the other and the cooperation in finding a mutually satisfactory solution. Communication is a dynamic act; it's the gateway between two interior worlds. Effective communication also means the public expression of feelings and emotions. Expressing an emotion allows us to acknowledge it and to recognize ourselves in it. This study proposes to identify the style of communication, to emphasize the intensity of the religious feeling of the participants in the study, as well as their opinion regarding the need to discharge their emotions in the challenging periods of life. This research is, therefore, a necessary step, a good argument in order to raise awareness for the need for communication, and a condition for mobilizing resources in view of this approach. The survey was carried out on a sample of 120 persons, using as instruments the S.C. questionnaire (Analysis of the style of communication), the questionnaire for the assessment of religious feeling (C.E.S.R.), the questionnaire of investigation of the need to discharge one's emotions. The action of listening is an element to which the approaches of the communication phenomenon can no longer only grant a place in the area of interaction, as it can moreover provide perspectives on the size of the relationship and of the interaction itself. One of the limits of this research can be found in the reduced number of participants in the study. Researches to this respect might continue by using a representative sample, by which we could be able to determine to what extent the results show a characteristic of our society by comparison with Western ones and to what extent can we speak about cultural and mentality differences in this respect.Often, communication is defined as a particular form of the exchange relationships between two or more persons, two or more groups. It does not mean assessment or solving of problems, but sharing one's own feelings, the effort to know and understand the other and the cooperation in finding a mutually satisfactory solution. Communication is a dynamic act; it's the gateway between two interior worlds. Effective communication also means the public expression of feelings and emotions. Expressing an emotion allows us to acknowledge it and to recognize ourselves in it. This study proposes to identify the style of communication, to emphasize the intensity of the religious feeling of the participants in the study, as well as their opinion regarding the need to discharge their emotions in the challenging periods of life. This research is, therefore, a necessary step, a good argument in order to raise awareness for the need for communication, and a condition for mobilizing resources in view of this approach. The survey was carried out on a sample of 120 persons, using as instruments the S.C. questionnaire (Analysis of the style of communication), the questionnaire for the assessment of religious feeling (C.E.S.R.), the questionnaire of investigation of the need to discharge one's emotions. The action of listening is an element to which the approaches of the communication phenomenon can no longer only grant a place in the area of interaction, as it can moreover provide perspectives on the size of the relationship and of the interaction itself. One of the limits of this research can be found in the reduced number of participants in the study. Researches to this respect might continue by using a representative sample, by which we could be able to determine to what extent the results show a characteristic of our society by comparison with Western ones and to what extent can we speak about cultural and mentality differences in this respect.

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The Church Engaged in Economy—Is It Necessary?

The Church Engaged in Economy—Is It Necessary?

Author(s): Arkadiusz Wuwer / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

In the light of the statements of the Magisterium, the presence of the Catholic Church in the world of economy seems obvious and necessary. However, this article focuses on the need to define (1) the type of economy referred to in the Church documents, (2) the type of the presence of the Church in economy as defined in these documents and (3) the kind of necessity mentioned in the abovementioned records. It is in these three dimensions that the author depicts the outline of the attitude presented by the Church with regard to the basic economic issues (interventionism, social market economics, subsidiarity and solidarity in economics, the logic of unselfishness and gift). The conclusion of the text is that the ultimate reason for the presence of Catholic Church in economy is its social mission aimed at creating a society of relations, where the fundamental principle is social friendship (amicitia socialis).

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Ks. prof. dr hab. Józef Herbut (1933–2018)

Ks. prof. dr hab. Józef Herbut (1933–2018)

Author(s): Kazimierz M. Wolsza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Ks. prof. dr hab. Józef Herbut (1933–2018)

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Odmienne języki teologiczne  w dialogu katolicko-ewangelickim

Odmienne języki teologiczne w dialogu katolicko-ewangelickim

Author(s): Józef Herbut / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 1/2018

The main thesis of the paper states that Catholic theology and Evangelical theology use different languages. The differences stem from the philosophical dispute about universals. The following positions emerged in the debate: radical realism (universalia ante rem), moderate realism (universsalia in re) and nominalism (notitia intuitiva et notitia abstractiva). The language of Catholic theology is a language of moderate realism, while the language of Evangelical theology is a language of nominalism. The linguistic differences result in a different understanding of important theological statements. The paper uses an analysis of selected fragments from a Catholic and an Evangelical catechism as a basis for the demonstration of the way the following issues are understood: (1) knowledge of God, (2) the concept of original sin, (3) the nature of the Church, (4) the origin of sacraments, (5) life in the world to come.

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Despre tetra-lemă. Însemnări fragmentare şi fugare

Author(s): Gorun MANOLESCU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

Tetra-lemma with four truth values "true", "false", "true and false", "neither true nor false" appeared in Buddhist logic. Why is Tetra-lemma interesting forus? It is for its avatars, in some cases, in the context of Western epistemology. In these fugitive notes, without claiming completeness, we will focus on how Tetra-lemma slipped in some systems of Western philosophy.

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AL-FÂRÂBÎ

AL-FÂRÂBÎ

Author(s): Deborah L. Black / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2017

Ono malo podataka o životu Abû Nasra al-Fârâbîja dolazi uglavnom od srednjovjekovnih arapskih biografa čiji rukopisi datiraju između četvrtog/desetog i sedmog/trinaestog stoljeća. Najraniji iskaz iz Ibn al-Nadîmovog (u. 380/990) Kitâb al-fihrista daje samo oskudne podatke o al-Fârâbîjevom životu; kasnija izvješća dodat će na ovu osnovu opsežne popise njegovih spisa, podatke o njegovim učiteljima i učenicima i nekoliko anegdota čija je vjerodostojnost upitna. Al- Fârâbî je vjerovatno bio turskog podrijetla, rođen oko 257/870 u Fârâbu u Turkestanu. Iako su nam pojedinosti o al-Fârâbîjevom ranom obrazovanju prilično nepoznate, izvješća potvrđuju da je proučavao logiku kod kršćanskih učenjaka Yuhanne ibn Haylâna (u. 910) i Abû Bishr Matte (u. 940), jednog od prevoditelja Aristotelovih djela u arapski jezik. Budući da je Bagdadska škola bila glavni nasljednik u arapskom svijetu filozofskoj i medicinskoj tradiciji Aleksandrije, al-Fârâbîjeva povezanost s tim učiteljima oblikovala je jednu od najranijih veza između grčke filozofije i islamskog svijeta.

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Области на приложение на знанията: основи и начала за различни логики

Области на приложение на знанията: основи и начала за различни логики

Author(s): Krasnomir Krachunov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2018

Knowledge is used and built in four main areas defined by the following opposites: material-ideal, perceptions-concepts. For the proper use of knowledge, different rules or logic are built.An analysis of the starting point of logics has been made and links have been sought with some general headings in each particular area.A common position is selected from each area and links to the logic beginnings are listed

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Някои аспекти на влиянието на изкуствения интелект върху медиите

Някои аспекти на влиянието на изкуствения интелект върху медиите

Author(s): Stoyko Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The article discusses some aspects of the changes brought about by the entry of bot journalism and artificial intelligence into media practice. In the coming years, these innovations will change news organizations, starting with automated journalism, which provides the opportunity to personalize news content precisely, going through news created on demand and arriving at interactive voice-enabled news.

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Psihologia între știință și tehnică / tehnici

Author(s): Maria-Elena Osiceanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

This article aims to analyze the relationships of psychology with science and technology, in order to identify what does the science establish and what does the technique establish in psychology. It highlights the role of the scientific method in psychology, with emphasis on the peculiarity of inductive and hypothetic-deductive methods in the psychological research. There are also examined the "subjective-objective" and "quantitative-qualitative" problems which acquire very special forms in the field of psychology. The connections of psychology with the technique, and especially with the “techniques” are extremely strong and extended. Basically, there is no investigation or practically applicative domain of psychology that does not refer to a specific technique of evaluation, psycho-diagnosis and / or intervention.

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Апология на разума
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Апология на разума

Author(s): Dimitar Tsatsov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The article attempts to overcome the so-called "interpretations with the first derivative" in the interpretation and evaluation of Logic by Vasil Hadjistoyanov-Beron. For this purpose, we emphasize the importance of Kant's philosophy for the proper comprehension of a number of Vasil Beron’s basic views on the relation between psychology and logic, between philosophy and the natural science, and others.

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MISIR’DA MANTIK ÇALIŞMALARI VE MANTIK EĞİTİMİ ÜZERİNE: TÜRKİYE İLE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

MISIR’DA MANTIK ÇALIŞMALARI VE MANTIK EĞİTİMİ ÜZERİNE: TÜRKİYE İLE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Author(s): Ahmet Kayacik / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Sp. Issue/2019

Egypt, which has an ancient history and culture, has been home to many civilizations and has also accommodated many scientists. With more than a thousand years of history, Azhar University has been a pioneer in the field of religious education, especially in the Islamic world for centuries. In yet another scientific and cultural center of the Islamic world it was also present territory of Turkey and earlier Ottoman and Seljuk. Both cultural environments contributed to the development of various branches of science. Egypt, which remained under Ottoman rule for a long time, was naturally influenced by the educational methods and contents of the Ottoman Empire during this period. However, by the 20th century, both countries continued to exist as a separate state and continued their path with their own internal dynamics. When we approach the subject in the context of philosophy and logic studies, it is seen that Egypt has started the studies in this field because of the changes they have experienced in history. Here influential factor, followed by the establishment of a new government in Turkey is taking time circuit consisting of the institutions. For example, although its history is based on Fatih Madrasah, Istanbul University was founded in 1933, while Ankara University was founded in 1946. However, the first modern university in Egypt, Cairo University was founded in 1908. Since academic studies are mostly related to universities, studies in various fields are shaped accordingly. In this context, the logic seems to have begun work in Egypt before Turkey. This study aims to present the subject by evaluating the qualitative and quantitative data of both countries in general terms.

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Епископът и философите: Мил
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Епископът и философите: Мил

Author(s): Liuben Sivilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

In a series of six articles the reactions of philosophers to the epochal achievement of Bishop Berkeley, set out in his “An Essay Towards A New Theory of Vision“ are followed. The comments to the theory of Berkeley became the occasion for the modern reader to focus on overwhelming conclusions about the philosophical life and philosophical education in Bulgaria. The fourth article deals with John Stuart Mill.

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Философски интерпретации на некласическите логики
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Философски интерпретации на некласическите логики

Author(s): Martin Tabakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

The paper examines questions that are essential to the philosophical interpretation of modern logic. The enormous number of different non-classical logics leads some philosophers to doubt the possibility of classifying them. Our objective requires a classification corresponding to the philosophical interpretation and importance of the systems rather than to their formal technical elements. This will not be a classification in the precise sense of the word, but a “typologization”, since a system may have different interpretations and the demarcation will not be strictly exclusive. I propose the following “typologization” of logics, corresponding to their philosophical evaluation (this is a “typologization”, and maybe even a classification, of the basic, most important and crucial philosophical-methodological interpretations of logical systems): “Logical systems serving as bases for a mathematical theory”; “Logical systems – attempts for the explication of logical inference”; “Logical systems expressing epistemological aspects. Logical systems related to ontological aspects”; “Logical systems as pure mathematical models without philosophical justification”; “Applied logic”; “Quasi-logical studies of language”.

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Ecumenical issues in Józef Herbut’s philosophy of religion

Ecumenical issues in Józef Herbut’s philosophy of religion

Author(s): Kazimierz M. Wolsza / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 20/2020

The philosophy of religion constituted one of the main fields of research by Prof. Józef Herbut. He created an original version of the analytical philosophy of religion. With the use of logical means, he analysed various dimensions of religion, primarily religious language. During the last period of his work, Herbut included ecumenical issues in his philosophical research. His research on these issues consisted of two stages. During the first stage, Herbut tried to create a specific logic of ecumenism. He hypothesised that the reason for the crisis of ecumenical dialogue consists in the lack of a clearly defined goal. Using the logical set theory, Herbut constructed possible models of doctrinal unity of different denominations. These models were constructed a priori, without reference to actual dialogues. During the second stage of his project, Herbut focused on the content of Catholic and Evangelical doctrines presented in catechisms. Here, he also put forward a research hypothesis that the languages of Catholic and Evangelical theology are different because they include different philosophical assumptions. These assumptions reach back to the medieval problem of universals. The language of Catholic theology is heavily influenced by moderate realism, and the language of Evangelical theology is influenced by moderate nominalism (these are two of the four standpoints in the problem of universals). Herbut’s research project is original and innovative in terms of Polish philosophical and theological literature. However, in foreign language literature it is possible to find ones analogous to Herbut’s project (József Fuisz, Charles Morerod).

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Džabirijeva hermeneutika: - Epistemološko čitanje Ibn Rušdova teksta

Džabirijeva hermeneutika: - Epistemološko čitanje Ibn Rušdova teksta

Author(s): Orhan Bajraktarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 22/2018

Epistemology is a theory of sciences, their methods and systematization. This is not a text about epistemology, its sources, meanings, texts and contexts, but about the scope and frontiers of this term in Jābiriʼs epistemological reading of Ibn Rushdʼs philosophy. This text also discusses its role as an essential aspect of Neo-Arabic tradition and culture in our time. In Jābiriʼs view there is a special linguistic system in Arabic-Islamic philosophy known as bayān. In the formative phase of Islam (ʽaṣr tadwīn) this linguistic system spread to all sciences and disciplines such as grammar, law, theology, language and style. In this context, Jābiri thinks that all the questions, areas, themes and subjects of Ibn Rushdʼs text may be reduced to forms and figures in the complex relationship between philosophy and religion: the purpose of the commentaries and summaries of Aristotleʼs works was to bring Aristotle and philosophy closer to the mentality and understanding of the Arabic-Muslim public opinion.

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Неевклидова геометрия в „Критика на чистия разум“?
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Неевклидова геометрия в „Критика на чистия разум“?

Author(s): Rosen Lyutskanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

The paper discusses a traditionally construed as problematic aspect of Kant's philosophy of mathematics: the place and importance of non-Euclidean geometry in the structure of mathematics. Kant's conception of pure intuition in mathematics is usually considered incompatible with the existence of mathematics, leaving no place for the latter. In this paper I argue that we can find a place for them, provided we know where to look. Of key importance in this respect is the concept of symbolic construction, which Kant employs in his discussion of algebra. The concept makes it possible to sidestep the limitations related to the requirement of constructibility in pure intuition. The development of Hilbert's formalism in the philosophy of mathematics can be seen as a continuation of this move that makes manifest its full potential, which was not, and even could not, be realized by Kant.

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Introduction – semiotics of digital gastromania

Introduction – semiotics of digital gastromania

Author(s): Kristian Bankov,Francesco Mangiapane / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Since the adoption of Web 2.0, the Internet has chosen food and nutrition as its favorite topic. The Chowhound boards, for example, have been active since ‘97, a fact which speaks volumes about how much we owe the “great conversation” of online social media for the culinary megatrend we call — according to Marrone (2014) — gastromania. Indeed, food and discussion on the Internet are intrinsically linked, a now inseparable combination.

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YUAN HANEDANLIĞI’NDA BİLİM VE KÜLTÜR

YUAN HANEDANLIĞI’NDA BİLİM VE KÜLTÜR

Author(s): Ayşe Beyza ERCAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

Various reforms were made in administrative and social areas in the Yuan Dynasty, or the Kublai Khanate, which ruled China for nearly a century. Thanks to the ethnic diversity that existed in China at the time, there was sufficient human capital to carry out scientific activities which enabled Kublai Khan to ensure the success of his reforms. Remarkable advances were thus made in the fields of education, culture, translation and science during the Kublai Khan period. Examples in this progressive period include the establishment of an observatory and two different astronomy offices run by Muslim and Chinese scientists in the capital, Khanbaliq. Kublai Khan's reforms and state-sponsored support for developments in the field of science and culture began to bear fruit in a short period of time. Therefore, this new innovative state structure of the Yuan Dynasty managed to be different from other Mongolian nations in different areas of Eurasia. From the perspective of Mongolian history, this study will throw light on the early innovations made and the scientific and cultural studies, which was done in the Yuan Dynasty during this period. In addition to this, the cultural interaction between the Iranian Mongols and the Chinese Mongols will be examined.

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Спекулативната граматика
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Спекулативната граматика

Author(s): Jan Pinborg / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

Jan Pinborg’s article Speculative Grammar traces in a historical and problematical way basic questions of the semantic doctrine of modes of signifying (the theory of speculative grammars). Speculative grammars are investigated: (1) from their appearance and historical and conceptual ground (Aristotle and his Arabic commentators, Donatus, Priscian); (2) through the development and sophistication of the system of modes of signifying (considering in the same time its ontological and logical aspects); 3) to the theoretical criticism against them and the appearance of alternative semantic conceptions (Roger Bacon, Ockham, Buridan…). The importance of the modistic doctrine for the further development of the logic and theoretical grammar is pointed out. A particular emphasis is put on the semantic character of the speculative grammars, together with its systematical account.

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