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The development of demographic movement after the ’90 was associated with changes in language and culture. According to the statistics of the office of Immigration a great number of Albanians have moved and live in the countries of Western Europe, USA, Canada, England etc.The necessity that comes in this phase in the view of language researchers, out of the political and ethnical developments is to preserve the Albanian language of the second generation, in children of immigrants that moved in these years. Their Albanian changes its status, being a second language, very often is not institutionalized. It comes as a need the development of linguistic politics and mechanisms in order for the Albanian language to be saved and preserved from the Albanians that live abroad. Taking into consideration the challenges and difficulties encountered during the collection of data we applied the observation and oriented conversation for the variety of the spoken language and questionnaires with real examples for the variation of the written language. The selection of the sample was conditioned by the country, in Greece we observed the children of immigrants that learn the language as a second language in extracurricular classes with specializes Albanian language teachers. In Italy the selection was more casual, and the measurements were realized only for the variety of the spoken language. Later we studied the conditioning of the selection of the grammar forms from the linguistic and non linguistic factors, and the data was analyzed statistically.
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Synonyms in police lexicon Kosovo – Albania are evident. This phenomenon has occurred because of separate development of leadership and governance in two countries during historic periods. In this paper I will present synonyms covering the scope of police of both police forces of two countries, Kosovo Police and State Police of Albania, including the following:- Synonyms of the names of the police ranks;- Synonyms of the names of police positions and functions;- Synonyms of the names of facilities, directorates and police units;- Synonyms of the names of several criminal offences (Kosovo – Albania);- Synonyms in the field of general police activities.In the end of this paper there will be conclusions with the aim of increasing cooperation and unification of police terminology in Albanian language in two countries, Kosovo and Albania.
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The purpose of the study is to investigate language learning strategy, self-efficacy in English with English proficiency of high school students. The research was carried out in the 2017-2018 academic year on 884 students studying in 5 different high schools in İzmir Buca district. Inventory of Strategies for Language Learning and English Self-efficacy Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. English exams grade averages were taken as English proficiency scores at the end of the term. Normality test was done in the first step in order to decide what tests should be used in the analysis of participants data. Given the number of participants in the survey, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was considered appropriate. MANOVA was conducted to determine whether the English academic achievement grade average and English self-efficacy levels differed significantly according to the language learning strategies high, medium, low. As a result of the study, It is seen that There is significant difference high school students self-efficacy in English and English proficiency according to language learning strategy.
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In this study, with the expectation of positive effect that can result from the classroom environment designed considering the characteristics of the students, it is thought to be significant to find out whether different cultural specifications are represented in the coursebooks and to identify what perspectives are used if they are represented. In this regard, the aim of this study is to investigate the coursebooks used in English Preparatory Schools and the opinions of the instructors about the coursebooks in terms of multiculturalism. Case study design, through which it is aimed to enlighten the current case, is implemented to investigate the case related to the concept of multiculturalism. The unit of analysis of the study is the dimensions of multicultural education and the case is English File coursebooks used in the preparatory classes and the opinions of the instructors using these coursebooks. In this study, document analysis and interview which are the techniques of qualitative data collection are utilized. As a result of document analysis, it is deduced that gender and ethnicity/race dimensions are often represented in the visual, audial and written materials of the coursebooks. However, the dimensions such as disability, political orientation and social class are rarely observed and the dimension of sexual orientation is never represented in the coursebooks. The interviews with the instructors mostly confirm the findings of the document analysis.
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With the aim of investigating the role of first language skills in second language acquisition and school achievement in the immigration context, this study presents the findings of the home language skills of the third-generation Turkish-Dutch bilingual children (n=24) living in the Netherlands by comparing them with their monolingual peers (n=24) living in Turkey. Turkish language skills of the bilingual and monolingual group have been tested through word definition, word order repetition, grammaticality judgment, syntagmatic and paradigmatic word relations, lexical comprehension, lexical production and semantic fluency tasks. The results reveal that the bilingual children lag behind their monolingual peers in word definition, semantic fluency, syntagmatic word relations and lexical production tasks. The causes can be attributed to limited first language input and lack of institutional support for immigrant languages, which may lead to problems on children’s concept and cognitive development besides second language acquisition.
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In this article we will deal with the topic of attribution of wise (âqil) and unwise (ghayr âqil) creatures in Arabic language. Generally, the theory of this topic is presented in grammar books therefore we take these books as an essential source in this regard. Then we will focus on Qur’anic usage of them. Finally we try to analyse reasons for different usage of the Qur’an.
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Meşâhîru’n-nisâ is an encyclopedia of famous women that compiled by Mahmad Zihni Efendi. This book introduces to the famous women in the various field in the alphabetical way. In this study, the contents of Meşâhîru’n-nisâ and its sources and its importance in the Arabic Language and its Eloquence are dealt with.
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Qudâma b. Ja‛far, one of earlier critics of the literary of Arab, dealt with defects of poetry and, he applied logical thought on the poetry. According to Qudâma b. Ja‛far, the poetry established on the four constituent elements: “word”, “meaning”, “metric” and “rhyme”. He determined defects of the four constituent elements and combinations of this elements two by two.
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Finding teaching materials in teaching Arabic is a problem in Theology Faculties as in other faculties that needs a solution. This study tries to give an evaluation of the textbooks and other materials that have been used in teaching Arabic in Theological Faculties in Turkey. This evaluation will be helpful in producing new textbooks and new materials in teaching Arabic in Theology Faculties.
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Mahmad Zihni Efendi (1846-1913) who had lived in the last period of Ottoman State is an important Islamic scholar and Arabic teacher. He undertook many important duties and prepared valuable works in his lifetime. In this study, his life and works are dealt with.
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Ibnu’l-Verdî (691-749/1292-1349) is famous in fields of history, al-fiqh, language and literature. Ibnu'l Verdi, who is a Syrian, left behind a number of books. Al-Qasedatu'llamiyyah -or Nasîhatu'l-Ihvan and Murşidetu'l-Hillan- is a book of poetry consisting some advices. In this article we want to give a brief information about Ibnu'l-Verdî and to give Al-Qasedatu'l-lamiyyah in Arabic and also in Turkish.
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In this paper we examined the problems of Arabic language teaching at the Divinity Faculties in Turkey, and offered some solutions for them. Firstly we emphasized the role of Arabic language among the other religious sciences and the importance of Arabic teaching and its stages in the historical process. Secondly under the title of “external factors” we analyzed the changes of codes and their negative effects over the quality of Arabic teaching at the Divinity Faculties. We said that this external factors had a negative effects over the students’ motivations. Thirdly under the title of “internal factors” we analyzed the negativities obstructing the teaching of Arabic language in level aspired in this foundations. We examined them as the profile of students, academic staff and the quality of educational tools and environment etc. Finally we suggested some solutions about problem, and presented an appreciation for eliminating of negativities.
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This study deals with the natural order hypothesis in language acquisition, which posits that there is an order in which grammatical morphemes are acquired in the first, but also second language acquisition. There have been numerous studies addressing the order of acquisition of grammatical morphemes for major international languages. There have been no such studies for Albanian language, which could serve to improve acquisition of Albanian as mother tongue, improvement of the language curricula in schools, or to facilitate acquisition of Albanian as a second language. This research involved over 100 junior researchers in a cross-sectional research observing more than 200 children of age 0-11 organised in four age-groups over a period of two weeks. The observation collected naturalist non-experimental data to find out whether there is a natural order of acquisition of grammatical morphemes and structures in Albanian as a first language. The existence of an order of acquisition of grammatical morphemes ranked by difficulty level was clearly established. An unplanned finding of the study was the significant role of dialect and vernacular in the process of acquisition of Albanian. The study however did not succeed in clearly establishing the role of school and environment in the process of acquiring Albanian as mother tongue.
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This paper deals with the issue of collocations. More specifically, it investigates the role collocations play in achieving a native-like level of English language proficiency, and the essentials that advanced students of English should know to be able to overcome ‘collocational’ hurdles.The paper proposes that advanced EFL\ESL students be provided with a solid theoretical background to be able to understand the concept of collocation, as this, in turn, can considerably alleviate the process of collocation reception and production. Based on a thorough literature review, the paper highlights aspects of collocations that should necessarily be brought to students’ attention since the true mastery of English is unconceivable without a proper collocational competence. In that respect, first, different definitions of collocations are discussed; then, the most distinctive features of collocations which help in distinguishing collocations from similar phraseological expressions are presented; and, finally, the focus is placed on the different types of collocations. In addition, the paper lays out a selection of useful ‘tools’ and practices such as regular and well-organized note taking (students’ collocation glossaries); consulting collocation dictionaries, electronic language corpora and concordances, all of which are essential for advanced students of English to approximate native-like proficiency.
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The study aims to determine views of preservice teachers training in Turkish teaching programmes in faculties of education on Turkish Special Teaching Methods and to put forward suggestions as to enhancing the efficiency from courses that preservice teachers got/might get. It is thought that these suggestions might contribute to literature. In this study semi-structured interview among qualitative research methods is used. The participants of the research are specified by attainable sampling method. The participants are total 15 Turkish Preservice Teachers training in Universities of Gazi, Niğde and Çukurova in academic year 2013-2014 and having taken Turkish Special Teaching I-II courses. The data are analyzed using content analysis method. In conclusions of the research it is realised that subjects in preservice teachers feel incompetent are principally method, technique and strategies. Furthermore, there are preservice teachers pointing out that they expect to qualify in the content knowledge and also preservice teachers wishing to habilitate in special teaching. The participants generally underline that duration for courses is adequate; but that duration for practicing of the courses must be longer with intent to consolidate the learned ones and thus feedback is more efficient.
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It was often recommended to observe "child-appropriateness" as a basic principle while determining the nature of the texts to be used in Turkish textbooks. However, it could be stated that the scope of the “child-appropriateness” principle is not described in concrete terms in the literature. The concept of “child-appropriateness” indicates responding to the learning needs of the child, depending on age and level, in an appropriate way through quality stimuli. This study was carried out to determine the basic concepts on which the principle of “child-appropriateness” is based upon, as well as determining the principles to be observed in the selection of texts for Turkish textbooks. In this respect, the principle of “child-appropriateness” was systematized through three variables namely, "textuality criteria", "teaching-learning principles" and "children's reality". As a result of this study, it was suggested that the main features of texts to be selected for use in Turkish textbooks could be determined through the systematization mentioned above by taking the developmental characteristics of students into consideration starting from the first grade up to the eighth grade, under the guidance of “the textuality criteria” and “the teaching-learning principles”.
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In the framework of the research in the field of phraseology, we often encounter phrasemes that contain a zoological or botanical component. In the titles of a number of phraseological studies or publications, we find the word „zoonymic (phytonymic) component“. But is the use of these terms somewhat inaccurate or even misleading?
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This article focuses on problems of interference phenomen between Bulgarian and Serbian language. Problems are described in morphological part – interference mistakes concerning nouns, adjectives, pronouns and verbs. The different morphological categories are described in particular – gender, number, tenses ect. The aim is to eliminate this type of mistakes and contribute to the development of languages.
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This paper examines a variety of personality and motivational characteristics of two talented foreign language learners. The purpose of the case study is to present personality-motivation profiles of two teenage gifted L2 English students. The EPI (Emotions Profile Index) and Intrinsic Motivation Inventory tests were used as instruments. The study revealed that two different profiles of gifted students can be distinguished: artistic and scientific. As far as their motivation is concerned, the results show that gifted students can be both intrinsically and extrinsically oriented. The conclusion is that different personality and motivational characteristics of talented students need to be taken into account in order to create an effective curriculum. Further investigation into the field is required, to confirm these results.
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