Nova Posoniensia VI.
A pozsonyi magyar tanszék évkönyve
Misad Katalin–Csehy Zoltán (szerk.): Nova Posoniensia VI. A pozsonyi magyar tanszék évkönyve. Pozsony. Szenczi Molnár Albert Egyesület, 2016, 210 p.
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A pozsonyi magyar tanszék évkönyve
Misad Katalin–Csehy Zoltán (szerk.): Nova Posoniensia VI. A pozsonyi magyar tanszék évkönyve. Pozsony. Szenczi Molnár Albert Egyesület, 2016, 210 p.
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This research brings to light examples of lexical borrowings from medical English used in Romanian with the original English spelling and pronunciation. These borrowings are therefore difficult to understand for both medical practitioners and patients. By providing different textual contexts in which these loanwords appear in Romanian medical language, we will try to find appropriate Romanian equivalents for the terms in question, adapted to our language.
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In this paper I will analyse the recipe # 43. Riso alla cacciatora by Pellegrino Artusi from a text-typological perspective, showing that it has the main surface features of narrative style. Nonetheless Artusi’s text is normally interpreted (i.e., intra-linguistically translated, in Jakobson’s terms) as a recipe. However, it is a far well-known fact that there is no necessary one-to-one correspondence between the surface features of a text on the one hand and its function on the other. So from the genre perspective Artusi’s text is to be considered a non-prototypical recipe at the interpersonal level (in Halliday’s functional terms), whereas from the typological perspective it is to be considered an instance of narrative style at the ideational and textual levels.
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The article analyzes the linguistic-stylistic features of political discourse, which has become one of the most popular objects of linguistic research in recent decades. The peculiarities of language arrangement of political discourse on phonetic, grammatical, lexical, syntactic and stylistic levels are described. The examples of terminological metaphor and euphemisation in politicians’ speeches are given. It is shown that English political discourse as one of the subtypes of publicistic style has its own characteristics at the outer level of the text and internal level of language and speech features for both native and non native speakers.
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Grammar is one of the main aspects of training in a foreign language. Studying grammar considerably simplifies the construction of sentences in oral and written language. Besides, the knowledge of particular grammar structures prevents difficulties in comprehension of speech and texts. Grammar training can be realized through structural, communicative, deductive and inductive approaches. Each of them has its own pluses and minuses. The logical combination of these approaches can lead to a successful comprehension and consolidation of grammatical material in students’ memory, as well as further use of grammatical skills in language practice.
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The article is devoted to the issue of the status of the socio-political vocabulary in modern Ukrainian literary language. The analysis is conducted on the base of its principal features: place of socio-political vocabulary in the whole lexicon, thematic diversity, common sememes, ideological component, structure and stylistic stratification, sphere of use, and topicality of denoted concepts.
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The article is devoted to the determination of the communicative moves and typical model of the feminine contact-establishing communicative tactic implementation within the framework of romantic discourse based on patterns of the dating show “The Bachelor” contestants` interaction. The basic linguistic features of feminine communicative moves were also characterised, in order to identify successful and failing ways of implementation of every mentioned communicative move, namely: greeting, introduction and emotional state within the feminine contact-establishing communicative tactic.
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The main features of the judicial discourse are thoroughly studied in the article. The key trends of the term “judicial discourse” are analyzed in linguistics. The interaction of communicants is characterized in court and strategies of language behavior of lawyers are traced in the judicial discourse. The cooperation of trial participants is described as a complex process of exchange of views, in which a special place among all speech acts belongs to a directive. The basic constituents of the judicial discourse are distinguished. The characteristic linguistic features of the judicial speech are defined and described.
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This paper presents an analysis of paroemias with the “food” component in the Tatar and Russian languages. The subject of the study is the functional-pragmatic originality of paroemias with the “food” component in Tatar and Russian linguocultures. The paper proposes a typology of phraseosemantic groups, the most significant of which are familyrelations. In this group, the food code enters the sphere of imagery and is focused on the characterization of lexemes with the semantics of kinship – family. Paroemias with the “food” component in the compared languages show similarities at the level of semantics, while imagery, which is inherent in languages with different structures, remains unique and reflects the specifics of the worldview of the people.
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This paper analyses closing formulae in French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish business letters from a pragmatic, lexical and semantic perspective. Starting from the speech act theory, the paper shows the ways to express request, apology and gratitude in these formulae, with a special focus on the morphological and semantic aspects. Moreover, another aim of this paper is to provide a contrastive approach on these formulae, by highlighting situations of symmetry and asymmetry in the studied languages. Last, but notleast, this approach is of a synchronic nature, as the only references to a diachronic approach are some etymological considerations.
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The necessity to provide quality, coherence and transparency in language skill assessment during tests and exams implies the implementation and development of modern evaluation strategies, meant to acknowledge the actual level of language learners and to anticipate their needs in the changing environment of the job market. The European initiatives to promote multilingual and intercultural education represent new challenges for teachers to elaborate language tests designed not only to assess the students’ level, but also to raise their awareness regarding their strengths, weaknesses and potential. Therefore, it is important to make these tests relevant both for the students, who must become aware of their abilities, and for the examiners, who should dwell on this experience to improve their teaching and testing methods. The purpose of this article is to propose some new criteria to have in mind when designing a test, to give some examples of well-structured or poorly elaborated exam subjects and to offer insights into the concepts of test validity, reliability and usefulness.
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This paper aims at explaining, in theoretical terms, the notion of the interlingual phraseological dictionary as being both contrastive (systemic) and translational, and at defining the differences between the two within the frame of translational lexicography. It is centred around the notion of phraseme/phraseologism/phraseo-lexeme as a lexical unit (LU) in the form of phrase as a formative and a meaning, usually one, as a hieararchically defined semantic structure attached to it. Depending on the nucleus of the formative, the following phrasemes: verbal, nominal, adjectival, adverbial, prepositional, and others featuring verbal structures are the most frequent phraseologisms. In terms of the contrastive lexicon, phraselogisms appear both in the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) as corresponding (absolute equivalence) or partly corresponding structures (partial equivalence), without a text or with the original text only (two dictionaries of this kind are the subject of our analysis). The translational dictionary consists of two sections: the systemic one in SL and TL, and the original text and its translation; in it, phrasemes always appear in appropriate grammatical forms that confirm or negate the systemically stated LU and its form in SL and TL.
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The present paper focuses on the use of English words in the field of medicine, adapted or not to the Romanian morphological system. It is widely known and acknowledged that English has got the necessary tools and it is very close to becoming a language studied and spoken by most people worldwide. It is precisely the starting point of our discussion: English – a “spring” of words and phrases for languages in need. Therefore, does the Romanian medical vocabulary need to borrow words from English in order for people to make themselves better and more easily understood or is it only a matter of personal choice?
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Retention matters, say higher education officials recently, and this study will highlight some stages in the development of this concept, and explore the possible ways to improve retention in teaching Japanese in Romania, a difficult field where drop out rates are high. We analyse data from the activity of the Japanese Department of “Dimitrie Cantemir” Christian Uniuversity, which prove that, although Japanese is a very attractive subject, the motivation of students decreases during their studies, many of them dropping out or turning to other languages, due to the intrinsic difficulty of the language and lack of opportunities to use it professionally and socially. Finding strategies for improving their motivation is subject for future research.
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Ideea națională în perioada pașoptistă începe să devină prevalentă și să dinamizeze întreaga viață intelectuală, pe fundalul procesului de segregare a naționalităților din Europa centrală și sud-estică. În perioada 1830-1840, ideea națională înseamnă recunoașterea comunității de limba, origine și aspiraţii ale romanilor. Identitatea poporului roman se definește odată cu statornicirea limbii române și a dezvoltării literaturii moderne. În anul 1840 se poate vorbi despre o adevărată conștiință națională și literară, anul apariției revistei Dacia literară, un rol deosebit de important având publicarea primului manifest literar important Introducţie care pledează pentru o literatură originală inspirată din folclorul, literatura și frumuseţile patriei. Sincronizarea literaturii române cu cea europeană evoluează după 1840, această „occidentalizare” stârnind controverse și polemici despre găsirea și identificarea specificului național, dar și ironizarea demagogiei și a falsului patriotism. În studiul În contra direcției de astăzi în cultura română, Titu Maiorescu avansează teoria formelor fără fond care pledează pentru dezvoltarea de la fond spre forme și nu invers, evidențiind că nu trebuie împrumutate forme ce nu se potrivesc fondului nostru național. Spiritul critic încurajează conștiința națională și năzuiește spre identificarea idealului în spiritualitatea românească. Sentimentul marginalizării culturale a românilor este prezent în raport cu civilizațiile occidentale.
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This article presents a lexical analysis of the German lexeme Arsch and the Polish lexeme dupa. The departure point is the thesis that linguistic taboos connected with this vulgarism are more and more often broken. This can be observed in the numerous examples given in the text and the formative and collocational potential of the analyzed lexemes.
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A contrastive study can be designed as a presentation or investigation procedure. In the present contribution, they are used in a complementary way by additionally examining the already numerically divergent pure cases of German and Polish with respect to their differing syntactic roles. Particular attention was paid to the individual language-specific case change – preferably in the active-passive diathesis, under the influence of negation, and in relation to numbers / measures and quantities.
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The travel reports about observations and experiences journalists of the weekly newspaper DIE ZEIT made while travelling in the GDR in the years 1964 and 1986 and which they published in books belong to the genre of travel literature (reference is made to Goethe, Schummel and Döblin). Both travels were made at the invitation of the government of the GDR and were allegedly completely free – but part of a “plan”. Due to the isolation resulting from the construction of the Berlin wall in 1961, both books met with great public interest. In their politically accented report, obviously designed to medially support the so-called “new East politics” of the Brandt government, the journalists paint a glowing picture, minimizing the reality of the party dictatorship, even though solid analyses of the actual conditions in the GDR were available. This can be compared to Lion Feuchtwanger’s “Moskau 1937” which he published “for his friends” about his travel to Moscow. However, the communist Feuchtwanger openly expressed his sympathy and characterized the Soviet Union as a dictatorship. To sum up, the reports of the ZEIT journalists can be classified as ‘political-fictional’ literature of purpose, on the one hand, because of their concealed political objective, and on the other hand, because the authors, due to their salon Marxist background, were, like Feuchtwanger, possibly of the opinion that they saw something “great”.
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Herman Stehr (1864–1940) belonged to the generation of writers who had the chance to establish a serious opposition against National Socialism during the Weimar Republic, the Fascist movement and the Third Reich. Not only their age but also their experience predestined them to assume such an honourable position. Hermann Stehr, at the early stage of his career, was considered a modern writer, not only because of his writings but also because of his political views, when in the 1920s he took an active part in the building of democratic structures of the Weimer Republic. Around 1930/31 a change occurred his work and in his political views. From this time onwards he actively supported the Nazis and legitimized their politics in his writings both nationally and internationally. The symbiosis between him and the Nazis became more and more visible as they started promoting him as one of the leading German writers. The aim of this paper is to present one of the most renowned German authors of the first half of the 20th century, who due to his conformism during the Third Reich lost his chance to defend humanistic values. Consequently, this paper proves that it is a grave error to classify Stehr, a writers of conservative views, as part of Inner Emigration. Hermann Stehr most certainly did not belong to that group.
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