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The current paper presents results of two experiments attempting to replicate with Polish speakers a Stroop-like interference of grammatical number with the counting task, first reported by Berent et al. (2005) for Hebrew. Both experiments tested the influence of the type of number morphology (marked with overt suffix vs. unmarked) of nouns on the strength of the interference effect. Additionally, the second experiment investigated the processing of nouns with a mismatch between grammatical and conceptual number and tested the possible effect of animacy on number interpretation in order to determine the time at which the information about grammatical number is activated. The first experiment showed a significant interaction between the grammatical number and visual numerosity of the counted words and the effect of markedness, with marked singulars producing a bigger congruency effect than unmarked singulars. However, in the second experiment the influence of morphology was reversed and the overall effects were considerably weaker.
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The Text from the book "Job" in Croatian-Glagolitic breviaries is preserved in the Proprium de Tempore as reading for August in two basic textological variants. In the breviaries of the so-called Northern or Krk-Istrian group, the text of Job 1:1–4:9 is textologically very clearly dependent on the translation preserved in the oldest known Old Church Slavonic prophetologies (parimejnik). In the non-prophetology part (Job 2:11–4:9) it coincides mostly with the text of a full middle Bulgarian translation preserved, for example, in the manuscript F.I.461 of the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg. In the breviaries of the so-called Southern or Zadar-Krbavian group the text follows the Latin pattern. It is conserved in four manuscripts that contain the whole book of Job (1:1–42:16). Although in the southern breviary group the Latin version of this biblical book is closely followed, it is clear from the textological comparison that in section 1:1–3:15 we find a consistently edited version of the breviaries of the so-called northern group. In the rest of the book Job in breviaries of the so-called southern group, it is not possible to prove the connection cither with the version of the northern breviary group or with the translation of the prophetology or with the Old Church Slavonic translation of the whole book. Therefore, it is possible to assume that Job 3:15–42:16 was translated directly from Latin for the southern breviary group probably on the occasion of a linguistic and textual reform of the Croatian-Glagolitic breviary, perhaps in the middle of the 14th century.
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The paper proposes and illustrates the identification of the manuscript RNB F.n.I.122 with the Evangelium Bucovinense, studied by V. Jagić, the traces of which were lost in the twenties of the last century. On the textual and lexical level the analysis of some variants in the text of the Gospel of John shows a series of coincidences with the Gospel of Tsar Ivan Aleksander, although in many cases interesting readings are observed that are more faithful to the ancient tradition witnessed by Codex Marianus. There is no doubt, however, that even in the Evangelium Bucovinense there are middle Bulgarian variants . In general, the effort to update the older version is clear, taking into account the recent innovations in the Balkan area.
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The article discusses the Slavonic version of the Euthalian Apparatus, with particular reference to MS Bodl. 942 in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, a 16th-century Fourth-Redaction Apostolos. Although this manuscript was clearly not written for any special purpose, it has an exceptionally complete apparatus. No immediate connexion can be established with the few other manuscripts with relatively extensive apparatus, which evidently represent separate lines of descent from the archetype. The chapter-headings, moreover, are of the Third Redaction. The implication is that as there are four redactions of the Slavonic Apostolos, so each, when first translated, was accompanied by its own redaction of the Euthalian Apparatus. Moreover, although most Fourth-Redaction manuscripts contain only the argumenta, there are those with more extensive apparatus, which invite further investigation. It is also clear that the Third Redaction has be en less isolated within the tradition of the Slavonic Apostolos than has hitherto been assumed. The importance of paratextual elements in the transmission of the Apostolos is stressed.
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This study presents the Greek New Testament vocabulary that is found only in the text of the Apocalypse, the last canonical and the only prophetic book of the New Testament. The apocalypse was written in Greek, probably at the end of the first century during the reign of Nero (68) or Domitian (81–96) on the Island of Patmos. The original Slavonic translation was made on the basis of the text with commentary by St. Andreas of Caesarea at the earliest stage of Slavonic writing and it was probably the work of St. Methodius. Nowadays there exist six versions of the Book of Revelation, spread across the Slavic lands in the Middle Ages – two with commentary and four without it. The study presents the Greek vocabulary typical of the Apocalypse text and the translation into different Slavonic versions. The aim is to add this vocabulary to the words known from the translation of the other biblical books, which are the first texts translated into Slavonic at the earliest stage of Slavonic literature. In order to show its position in the development of the entire Christian biblical tradition, the entries are supplemented by their correspondences in the Greek Old Testament canonical text (LXX) and in the Latin translation of the Sacred Scriptures (V).
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The statistical research is based on a frequency list and an index a tergo to the Books of the prophet Jeremiah, prepared by the author on the basis of manuscript F.I.461 of the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg. The basic glottometrical parameters of the analysed text (statistical structure of vocabulary, percentage between quantity of words and their uses, the part of words used only once, the repeating index, interrelation among groups of words with determined frequency, their distribution as parts of speech, percent of foreign and domestic lexis) are shown in tables and compared in their synchronic and diachronic aspect with data from other texts analysed in a similar fashion.
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The authors study different equivalents of the Hebrew word sheol in selected old and new Slavic translations of the Bible. The equivalents of this lexeme have been excerpted from several Slavic translations of the Bible, which were selected on the basis of diverse criteria. The translations are presented chronologically and old translations are opposed to the new ones. They represent three groups of Slavic languages: West Slavic, East Slavic and South Slavic and are connected with the base of translations, i.e. the original text and/or Greek or Latin text. They can also be classified according to religious denomination and the strategy of the translation. The observation of those equivalents enables us to see not only their variety and mutual influence among translations but also the struggle of Slavic translators with a very difficult language matter. Many factors were important in that struggle: genetic and structural distances between Semitic and Slavic languages, different perceptions of reality in distant cultures, the discrepancy between biblical and Slavic realities and the influence of religious denomination. Another important factor was the state of biblical knowledge at the time – incomparably poorer in the case of the oldest Slavic translations in comparison to modern ones.
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This paper argues in favour of Bavarian Standard German as a standard variety in its own right, like German Standard German, Austrian German, and Swiss Standard German. Therefore, the respective linguistic features are being discussed as well as historical and actual political backgrounds, and the factors still hampering the further and far-reaching acceptance of Bavarian Standard German, as well.
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Pomozi Péter – Karácsony Fanni (szerk.): Magyar nyelvű otthon. Magyarország. Pomozi Péter (szerk.): Magyar nyelvû otthon – 2. Vajdaság, Pomozi Péter (szerk.): Magyar nyelvû otthon – 3. Székelyföld. Az Anyanyelvápolók Szövetségének, valamint a Magyar Nyelv és Kultúra Nemzetközi Társaságának kiadása, Bp., 2017.
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Nagy L. János (szerk.): Harminc év a magyar helyesírásért. Erkel Ferenc Gimnázium, Gyula, 2018.
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