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За преводните варианти на κναφεΐον 'тепавица' в Лествицата на Иоан Синайски

Author(s): Tatyana Mostrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

The study presents various Slavonic renderings of the Greek word κναφεΐον 'a fuller's shop', which is used metaphorically in the Eighth Step of the Ladder – “On Placidity and Meekness”. That part of the step was the object of systematic collation with its Greek source. The collation shows a development that began with the changing of the word глаждениѥ 'scrubbing off, 'wiping off from the first version (attributed to the Preslav Literary School) to the word гаждениѥ 'rebuke', 'reproach' and went as far as the second fundamental Athonite redaction of the work from the third quarter of the 14th с. (where we see оумывальство 'washing out') and the subsequent change in the Cyprian copy from 1387. If we add the Serbian fundamental revision of the Ladder, a revision made around 1360, we have five variants of the rendering of κναφεΐον. Those variants show the main stages of the history of the text. They can serve as lexical markers as each one of them is represented in a group consisting of dozens of copies with definite textological characteristics.

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Мотивирани съществителни имена с абстрактно значение в първите две книги на ранния старобългарски превод на Римския патерик

Author(s): Presiyan Borisov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

This is a paper about the derivational nouns with abstract meaning which occur in the first two books of the Old Bulgarian translation of St. Gregory the Great's Dialogues which are known in the Slavic tradition as Roman Paterikon. In the first two books there are 333 nouns of this kind. They are divided into 14 suffixal groups (-ние, -тие, -ие, - ьство/- ьстви, -ость, -ота/та, -ина, -снь/-знь, -ьба, -оба, -ьда, -изна, -эль, -Ґни), each of the suffixes being present in the manuscripts of the Old Bulgarian canon. The number of nouns in the suffixal groups attested in the material corresponds to the data on the productivity of these suffixes in Old Bulgarian manuscripts established by R. Tseytlin (Цейтлин 1977; Цейтлин 1986). The calquing as a kind of translation technique is rarely seen (in some two-stem compounds). Therefore the conclusion can be drawn that the process of translation was focused on the meaning and not on the morpheme structure of the word in the language of the original. On the basis of the lexical material discussed here we may assume that the Slavic translator did not know the Latin original and worked with the Greek version of the Dialogues. Between the Old Bulgarian and the Latin version there are many inconsistencies at the level of syntax and semantics. On the lexical level this becomes manifests in the lack of Latin counterparts for many Old Bulgarian words (or the presence of only approximate ones). Of the 333 nouns of this group found in the first two books of the Dialogues 248 (or 74.5%) are attested in the manuscripts of the Old Bulgarian canon, which indicates a significant degree of commonality between the lexical material of the two books studied and that of the Old Bulgarian manuscripts. The number of surveyed nouns registered in the Slavonic translation of the Homilies on the Gospel is smaller, but still more than half of the total number (183 or 54.7%). A possible reason for this can be found in the fact that the places of occurrence of both translations can be attributed to different regions, but that the language was still largely unified at the lexical level. It should be noted that only 22 of these 183 nouns are not attested in the Old Bulgarian manuscripts. The results concerning the degree of matching between the suffixal nouns with abstract meaning from the first two books of the Roman Paterikon with those in the lexical material of the Old Bulgarian manuscripts and the Homilies, are largely similar to those presented in our earlier study dedicated to suffixed nouns denoting persons (Борисов 2013).

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Omonimia și analiza gramaticală: subiectul

Author(s): Florina Băcilă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 54/2016

The area of homonymy was extended to other language levels, in addition to the lexical one, being defined as an association of identical sound complexes with different meanings. With this in view, the objective of the article is to examine some issues regarding the consequences of homonymy for grammatical analysis. We will discuss the homonymy present in structures with a Subject – a complex part of a sentence, the topic of much scholarly debate. We will consider its presence in multi-interpretable units, in which the Subject may be erroneously labelled as Predicative, Subject Complement, Attribute, Direct Object, etc., especially because many Romanian constructions with a Subject are in a direct relationship with some significant morphological elements, but, at the same time, remain ambiguous outside a wider context. In conclusion, for disambiguation, one can use intonation, agreement, word order, etc., not neglecting the fact that some of these situations are a result of the identical case forms which exist in Romanian (for example: Nominative – Accusative). This fact proves, once again, the necessity of an integrated approach to the Romanian grammar, in order to avoid the current confusions; although a morpho-syntactical issue, grammatical homonymy, with influences upon syntactic unit analysis, must also be studied in connection with semantics and phonetics, as it represents a typical case of interdependence between the branches of any language.

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An Unknown Work of St. Romil of Vidin (Ravanica)

Author(s): Klimentina Ivanova,Predrag Matejic / Language(s): English Issue: 4/1993

The article contains an analysis of a work (its contents and language) in Hilandar Slavic manuscript № 640, where in the heading for the text the author is indicated to be the "venerable elder Romil". The conclusion is that the author is the monk-hermit and hysechast known to medieval Slavicists and Byzantologists as St. Romil of Vidin (St. Romil of Ravanica).

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Ролята на л. 165 в състава на Савина книга

Author(s): Ekaterina Dogramadzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1993

Leaf 165 of Sava’s Gospel was copied by a different copyist at the same time and in the same area as Sava’s Gospel. A new assumption is expressed in the article about its role in the composition of the codex. Leaf 165 was probably a fragment from the Gospels different for each service in which the texts for the consecration of a church were a customary component. On this occasion were read precisely the pericopes from the Book of the Apostles. Sava’s Gospel contains only three of the four basic components of the hand-written Gospels: Synaxarion, Menologion and 11 matins gospels. Soon after the manuscript had been completed, it became necessary to supply it with the fourth basic component: Gospels different for each service. Thus emerged an additional part of which only leaf 165 has been preserved. A new reading of the text is also suggested: Hb 3.1-4 of the Book of the Apostles and a heading with a reference from the Gospel.

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Зографский список Сборника царя Симеона

Author(s): Cvetana Raleva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/1993

This article discusses some palaeographic and textological features of a newly discovered copy of Symeon’s Miscellany. The copy is kept in the library of the Zograf Monastery on Mount Athos. It was discovered in 1979 by E. Weiher. The copy is not dated and has no beginning but it is in a good state. It is supposed that this copy was made in the late 16th с. in Southwestern Russia. It belongs to the group of the so-called “defective” copies. The article contains also a comparative description of the Zograf copy and the Miscellany of 1073.

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„Слово за Антихриста“ – един малко познат български апокриф

Author(s): Anisava Miltenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1993

The paper introduces an apocaliptic text, unknown so far, where motifs of the written and oral tradition are interwoven. Arguments have been put forth in favour of its Bulgarian origin, determining the time of its appearance (probably the 13th century), and its dissemination is traced. An analysis is offered of its contents considering its literary sources (the Apocalypsis of Andrew Salus, The Revelation of Methodius of Patara, The Vision of Daniel etc.), and folklore parallels are indicated (the motifs of “the fall of the kingdom” in folk songs and legends). An interpretation is made of the correspondences between an unknown apocryph and the drawing in the minei of Brashov of the late 14th century, originating from Bulgaria. The text of the Hludov MS No. 241, from the 15th century, is published in the Appendix.

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Правописна, морфологична и лексикална преправка на словата в Троянския дамаскин

Author(s): Vasil Vasilev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1993

If we compare the Troyan collection of homilies with other archaic and modern Bulgarian written representations, we can come to the conclusion that the copyist Avram Yerey Dimitrievich altered not only orthographically, but he also made certain changes in terms of morphology and vocabulary. In fact, he remodelled eighteen sermons in this manuscript. No changes were made only in “Oration about the Ten Commandments”. But in the .New Troyan collection the text of this oration was entirely remade in the spirit of the already mentioned Troyan collection. The results of the orthographic, morphologic and lexical refashioning of the homilies from the Troyan collection that have been carried out, give grounds for accepting that the alteration was done by the copyist. He skilfully realised the continuity between the mid-Bulgarian literary tradition and the modern written practice with respect to orthography and, at the same time, he enriched to a great extent the bulk of synonyms with old and modern lexical items.

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Приемственост и традиция в новобългарските преводи на Евангелието

Author(s): Diana Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1993

The investigation of the modern Bulgarian biblical translations as part of the common inheritance of our nation raises interesting questions related to the theme of continuity and conveyance of the literary tradition down the ages. The textological tradition in the modern Bulgarian translations of the New Testament are traced in the article. These interpretations are based in factological material derived from written records of different periods of our literary history and other Slavonic versions. The results from the investigations show that the translations of the New Testament from the time of the Bulgarian National Revival follow an older tradition existing in the previous Church-Slavonic and domestic early printed literary works which is an evident continuity of a group of Middle-Bulgarian records from the 13th – 14th centuries.

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От Преславския събор до Преславската школа. Въпроси на графематиката

Author(s): Heinz Miklas / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1993

On the basis of new findings the internal (diastructural) differentiation of the two Slavonic writing systems and its effect on the editing technique of Old-Bulgarian glagolitic sources are discussed. It is shown that the so-called (sub) redactions should be interpreted not so much diatopically (as has been the case so far) but primarily on a diastratic-graphic level and that they partly result from an uneven stage of the overall scriptural evolution and partly meet different requirements of various types of texts. Because of its greater age and developmental decline by the end of the 10th century, the differentiation of the glagolitic system is inferior to its Cyrillic counterpart; yet wide enough to call for an original reproduction of this script in critical editions. Computer-generated samples illustrate the current possibilities.

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Лексические совпадения Бесед Григория Двоеслова и Второго Жития Вячеслава с лексикой Иоанна Экзарха

Author(s): Emilie Bláhová,Živka Ikonomova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/1993

In this article the lexical coincidences between two groups of works are examined. On the one hand, there are the Sermons upon the Gospel of Gregory the Dialogist and the Second Slavonic Life of Prince St. Wenceslas, which emerged in the 10th and 11th centuries as a summit of the translators and literary activity in Bohemia, on the other – we have the works of the famous Old Bulgarian writer John the Exarch: Hexaemeron, Theology, Sermon of the Transfiguration and Sermon of St. John the Theologian. The coinciding words are analysed in a word-building semantic and stylistic aspect. This is a possibility to show their usage in different texts and different contexts. Special attention is paid to words with terminological meaning. No information about direct contacts between Bohemia and Bulgaria in the 11th century being available, an assumption that the Bohemian men of letters have known the works of John the Exarch through Russian mediation is expressed.

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Два превода на Житието на Григорий Велики

Author(s): Petko Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1993

The article is devoted to the study of two Slavonic versions oi Vita St. Gregorii Magni – the first can be found in the old-Bulgarian Codex Suprasliensis, the second precedes the full Bulgarian version of Dialogi St. Gregorii Magni written in the 14th c. On the basis of textological, lexical and grammatical evidence is shown the independent translation of each version, as well as the different manner of translation in the Slavonic Middle Ages. The text of the Vita from manuscript Q. I. 275 from the GPB-collection in St. Petersburg is appended.

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Повествователен модус и литературен жанр в средновековните православни литератури: тезиси

Author(s): Norman Ingham / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1993

Insufficient attention has been paid to the fundamental distinction between genre (literary kind, or work-type) and mode (manner of representation). Aristotle’s triad of narrative, dramatic, and mixed modes (the latter now generally replaced by lyric in theoretical schemes) is too often misunderstood to be a set of basic “genres”. Instead, mode is a separate, cross-genre factor and may be said to operate even in texts that cannot be identified with established genres. Narrative, in particular, is fundamentally a modal concept, and not generic. Since subject-matter and mode (together with style and function) are sufficient to shape a text, medieval Slavic narrative writings, and especially the more secular ones, often lack clear genre adherence. A further thesis worthy of future study is that there could exist relative modes, i.e., historically determined variants of modal usage that were not yet genres.

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За ораторското умение във Венецианската реч на Константин-Кирил

Author(s): Sava Sivriev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1993

The article is an attempt to understand the rhetorical mastery of Constantine-Cyril in his dispute with the upholders of the trilingual doctrine in Venice after his Enlarged Passional. In Venice he set forth his arguments in favour of the thesis that the Slavs had to have their own script and divine service. The rhetorical skill of Constantine was based on ancient oratory, on Aristotelian rhetoric and the use of rhetorical syllogisms.

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The Linguistic and Literary Reforms of Patriarch Euthymius: A Return to the Sources

Author(s): Maurice LaBauve Hébert / Language(s): English Issue: 3/1993

In the article is examined Euthymius’ reform of Bulgarian letters and orthography based on the textual accounts available to us. The point of article is to examine and analyze these textual accounts and to attempt to reconstruct Euthymius’ motives for undertaking his orthographic and literary reform. There are two extant accounts which must be examined in detail: Grigorij Camblak’s „Слово похвално“ and Konstantin Kostenechki's „Сказание изьявленно о писменех“.

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Славянски митологически компилации

Author(s): Tatyana Slavova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1993

This article examines a Slavonic mythological compilation, excerpts from which are found in the Rafli prophecy book, the Christian Topography of Cosmas Indicopleustes and in the Interpretation Paleia. The compilatory text presents the seven planets as ancient divinities: Cronos, Zeus, Ares, Mithra, Aphrodite, Hermes and Hecate. Two major sources were used in its construction: (a) Nonius’ comments to three speeches by Gregory the Theologian, translated at the dawn of Cyrillic writing, and (b) a fragment from the novella “Barlaam and Josaphat”, representing a piece from the “Apology” by Aristides (2nd century A. D.), preserved in an unknown Slavonic translation.

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Рунически надписи от село Чукурово, Софийско

Author(s): Rajko Sefterski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1993

At this article for the first time are published 14 inscriptions of the runic linear type, discovered at the beginning of the 20th century but not published in the archives of acad. Jordan Ivanov. They represent a fragment of the full stone inscription and of separate inscriptions made on the stone blocks and are probably connected with a Proto-Bulgarian sanctuary (Old-Bulgarian “kapishte”) near the village of Chukurovo (Gabra) in the region of Sofia, situated 30 km southeast of Sofia. We share the opinion that they belong to the Proto-Bulgarian tradition of runic writing dating back to the days of Khan Krum, who had annexed the Sofia region to Bulgaria in 809.

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Славянските първоучители и Беларус

Author(s): Peter Kucarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1993

In his research the author uses archive and rare press materials to prove that Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius were widely known in Bielarus in the 19th century. Solemn celebrations were held in their honour in 1885 in Minsk, Vitebsk, Lepel, Polotsk, Rechitsa, Grodno, Moghiliov, Slutsk, Belinichy. The Beilorussians drew the faces of the first Slavonic teachers on icons, medallions, named churches and monasteries after them, carved the Cyrillic alphabet on objects of everyday use. Every school at the time had been provided with the portrait of Sts Cyril and Methodius and every child had been given their hagiography.

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Състав на славянските ръкописни четвероевангелия

Author(s): Ekaterina Dogramadžieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1993

Some 40 articles and five types of chapter numbers are included in the references to the Slavonic continuous text codices. Some chapters (synaxarion, menologion, 11 matins gospels, gospels different for each service) are obligatory, others appear more frequently or more seldom. As regards their purpose the chapters are divided into two basic groups: (1) for liturgical use, and (2) for private reading. The first group is divided into five subgroups and the second – into six. The chapter numbers are great chapters, Ammonian sections and pericope chapters, Eusebian canons, division of each gospel into five parts. The chapters and chapter numbers have different periods of use. For this reason they could be used in the dating of undated manuscripts.

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За още един препис на Службата за Константин-Кирил Философ

Author(s): Bojka Mirčeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1993

The article posses some fundamental questions concerning one of the earliest original hymnographic works of Old Bulgarian literature. New data on some of the earliest transcripts of the work in Russian manuscripts from the 12th–14th cc. are put forward. The MSS belong to the Central State Archives in Moscow and are part of the collection of the Moscow Synod Printing House. Russian scholars at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th с. were familiar with these transcripts but until recently their whereabouts remained unknown. Their present pressmarks have been established with a high degree of accuracy and the text of one of them is published.

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