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The research the results of which are partially presented in this paper is based on the notion that the Gorani idiom is one of the segments of Gorani culture. In other words, I perceive it as an identity question which is only one part of the larger ethnic issue. In that regard, I do not attribute more significance to the Gorani idiom than to other symbols/markers of this community, but in this paper it is in the focus of observation. By analysing language (idiom) and its communicational function it is possible to observe, trace, and explain different processes regarding ascription and description of the ethnic identity of individuals and community. Following this idea, I am trying to analyse and explain communicational function of the Gorani idiom in the context of rights of its usage and possibilities of realization of these rights in one multi-ethnic environment in which Serbian is the official and major language. The analysis of the communicational function of the Gorani idiom seemed very inspiring for research to me due to the fact that the Gorani are educated in Serbian schools in Serbian – which is the mother tongue within the educational curriculum, and besides this they use Serbian as a main language in the public sphere. In the environment (Belgrade) where the research was conducted Serbian is used in parallel with several dialects; members of different confessions and ethnic communities, cultures and subcultures live there – which overall implies various questions regarding the usage of the Gorani idiom and its symbolic role in the process of creation of Gorani`s ethnic identity. The analysis of the usage of ‘Nashinski’ among Gorani who live in Belgrade has led me to the conclusion that they use the Gorani idiom and Serbian in everyday communication, therewith Gorani idiom is present only within private sphere of communication (among family and relatives). Apart from this it is evident the appearance of mimicry of Gorani idiom and the attempt of increasing language competences in Serbian which might affect the decrease and an intensity of the usage of Gorani idiom within the private sphere of communication. Therefore, there is concern that the decreased scope and intensity of the usage of the Gorani idiom might negatively affect its reproduction and its existence. The state and its public policy do not undertake any attempts in order to provide organised and systematic conduction of care for Gorani idiom and Gorani ethnic community.
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This paper provides a comparative analysis of verbal synesthetic metaphors with the basic taste adjectives in Polish and English: słodki/sweet, gorzki/bitter, kwaśny/sour, słony/salty. Since taste seems to be an ideal candidate for a universal, biologically determined source of metaphors, the authors seek to verify the hypothesis of metaphor embodiment. The corpus-based analysis of nominal phrases with basic Polish and English taste adjectives indicates that cultural influences on the metaphorical mapping, as well as the importance of the target conceptual domains, must be taken into account.
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This monograph is one of the results of more than twenty years of research, especially in the field of translation studies (traductology), but also partly in the field of language problem management and problem management in general, which gives this work an interdisciplinary character. The individual chapters of the monograph are based primarily on research that has taken place in the last eight years (since 2013), in which the author addressed both theoretical issues of translation of the New Testament and empirical research, the source of which was older and newer translations of the New Testament into Hungarian language and their revisions. In one of the chapters, the author also used the results of his research in the field of language problem management and problem management in general. The main theoretical goal of the author's research was and is to contribute to the application of the relevance theory developed by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson in the 1980s to the translation of the Bible into Hungarian, but also to revisions of existing translations. An important aspect of this research is considering the problems of translation (more precisely the problems of the translation process, but also those of the perception of translation) as a management of language problems, based on the language management theory developed in the 1970s and 1980s by Jiří Neustupný and Björn Jernudd. The most important practical goal of the research was and is to provide technical assistance to translators and other professionals involved in the revision of older translations (especially, but not exclusively) of the Bible through the analysis of the management process or various translation solutions, and also to help ensure that newer translations, as well as revisions of older ones, are detached from traditional approaches based on either the so-called formal, or the so-called dynamic (functional) equivalence and approach the translations or revisions from the perspective of the relevance theory, using also relevant knowledge from the field of language problem management and various theories of problem management. The monograph consists of four thematic blocks. In the first, the author synthesizes his research in the field of language problem management and applies it to translation in general, with special regard to translation of the Bible. The second block is devoted to various translation issues of a theoretical nature. In the third block, the author deals with the most important and most recognized translation of the Bible into Hungarian, the translation of Gáspár Károli from 1590 and its subsequent revisions until the most recent one, which was published in 2011. The last thematic block deals with the issue of different types of translations of the Bible into Hungarian intended for different groups of readers, as well as with strategies for achieving diversity in the process of revising existing translations. The monograph also contains a preface, a bibliography and other references. The target audience of the monograph is both translation experts––traductologists and translators (not only of the Bible), as well as other experts who participate in the revision of existing translations. In addition, the monograph can also serve as additional teaching material for students of bachelor's, master's and doctoral translation studies. As the monograph combines a theoretical approach and practical issues in language problem management that occur in the translation process and the perception of translation, it can contribute to the improvement of new translations and revisions of the Bible into the Hungarian language.
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The author of this article demonstrates that Christmas, due to its multidimen-sional character, can be the basis for cross-curricular work of foreign language learners. By analyzing examples of cross-curricular activities suggested by university students who specialize in pedagogy and language, he argues that Christmas can be an adequate topic for the introduction of cross-curricular content in a foreign language class and for the development of different learners’ skills both at the primary and secondary levels. On the basis of the material collected from university students, he draws a conclusion that information from various school subjects can be integrated around Christmas within the monodisciplinary model which has been suggested in scholarly literature and which is discussed together with other models in the theoretical part of this article.
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Fire as the ‘Logo’ of Artistic Worlds. The aim of the present paper is to analyse the image of fire created by two representatives, one of the Acmeist and the other of the Romantic school of poetry, N. Gumilev and S.T. Coleridge, revealing similarities and differences between their approaches. The obvious parallelism of the poets’ works is demonstrated, with particular attention paid to the fact that specific fire-related images were emphasised by Gumilev in his translation of Coleridge’s works. The attributes of the artistic universes of the Russian and of the English poet are shown: the continuity and constant interaction of their elements, the identity of the properties of the whole and of its various parts in each case.
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A handbook of the Polish language for foreigners – beginners and intermediate students. It includes 40 methodological units devoted to the basic Polish grammar issues, the key to exercises enabling the students to work with the handbook on their own, and an example test on grammatical correctness.
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Prof. Zenon Klemensiewicz authored handbooks of contemporary Polish grammar, historical Polish grammar, syntax, and history of the Polish language. The latter constitutes his crowning achievement, and remains to this day the most important synthesis of Polish linguistic history. Half a century has passed since its publication. In this time, many monographies have been published which present the evolution of the language in various epochs; moreover, multiple monographies have been devoted to vocabulary and word-formation. These works justify the need to prepare a new synthesis. Such a synthesis is also needed for another reason: it must make use of new methodological concepts. For example, the description needs to pay attention to the communicative aspect. A new, multi-volume synthesis ought to be a collective work, developed by a team of the most distinguished historians of the Polish language.
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The tendency of conversationalization in the public discourse is known as shifting boundaries between written and spoken discourse practices, shifting the public discourse towards a more conversational, informal and spontaneous style to create the impression of a casual conversation with the public. Analyzing a wide range of political speeches held in three discourse contexts - when politicians are in power, in opposition and in the personal context - this paper investigates the phenomenon of conversationalization in the discourse of Albanian female politicians. Using a qualitative and comparative analysis, we aim to examine the form, the context and the purpose of conversationalization in the political discourse of the female politicians. The results are that the tendency towards a conversational and sometimes rather casual discourse is documented on the morphological, syntactic, lexical and phonetic levels; secondly, it is not expressed constantly and consistently in the political discourse analyzed, but prevails in the speeches held by female politicians in the context of the opposition; and thirdly, its purpose is as much public understanding as possible, to gain more popularity in order to secure public understanding, sympathy and support.
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