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The article analyzes a computer game This War of Mine in terms of Ian Bogost’s procedural rhetoric. It reconstructs ideological presumptions of the game, mainly its communitarianism and pacifism.
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In the article the mechanism of use of autobiographical and biographical record of Polish men supporting emancipatory movements in the second half of the 19th century and in the early 20th century is analyzed. The author compares different records about biographies of Benedykt Dybowski, Kazimierz Keller-Krazuse, Ludwik Krzywicki and Ignacy Radliński. The analysis shows the way in which men supporting women’s emancipation are described by historians. The historians use – equally – autobiographical records, anecdotes and fictionalized biographies to create a picture of these men and, moreover, they collate it with the ideas included in journalistic texts of these authors. In these disclosed the literature should verify the emancipant views that are officially proclaimed by men. Analysed mechanism of appraising the authors on inconsistency of thesis and their private/family life is based on naive making autobiographical and journalistic records equal.
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Boy-żeleńskiThe article proposes an analysis of Karol Irzykowski’s Benjaminek (Benjamin, 1932), a stud and an attack on Tadeusz Boy-żeleński’s activity and writings as well as the reaction of the criticized author. The former’s work reveals to be rather an extensive defence of Irzykowski’s critical writings, and the latter’s answer – a pamphlet. Finally, their dialogue that didn’t take place is situated in the context of Polish (and Central-European) cultural immaturity.
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Despite the fact, that polish society doesn’t seem to be so much jolly, we can find often in polish public space many examples of (sense of) humor. There any many rules of official interpersonal communication, which enables saving mutual wellbeing of both “actors” – sender and receiver of message. Many good features of linguistic joke make it an attractive tool for advertisements (also for political marketing) and create between them a specific (and socially desirable interaction – media school etc.
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Franjevačka teologija je u povodu stotinu godina svoga postojanja i djelovanja u Sarajevu (1909-2009) organizirala znanstveni skup i proslavu pod naslovom 100 godina Franjevačke teologije u Sarajevu: 1909.-2009. Znanstveni skup je održan 6. i 7. studenog 2009. u amfiteatru Franjevačke teologije, a 8. studenog – na dan blaženog Ivana Duns Škota, zaštitnika naše Teologije – održana je proslava tako što je svećeničkom euharistijskom slavlju predsjedao provincijal Bosne Srebrene fra Lovro Gavran. Za vrijeme euharistijskog slavlja izvedena je Missa Bosniensis Andrije Pavliča: Bosanska misa posvećena sv. Franji Asiškom, svim nesretnima, ispaćenima i izgubljenima ovoga svijeta, te bosanskim franjevcima i zboru Pontanima, koji je izveo misu. Zbor Pontanima je osnovao profesor naše Teologije fra Ivo Marković. Dirigirao je skladatelj Bosanske mise Andrija Pavlič (inače je dirigent zbora Pontanima Josip Katavić). Sudjelovali su Amila Bakšić, sopran; Zana Staniškovska, alt; Jasmin Bašić, tenor; Ivica Šarić, bas; i Dario Vučić, orgulje. Pokrovitelj Znanstvenog skupa i proslave je bio Željko Komšić, predsjedavajući Predsjedništva BiH. Koji je smisao Franjevačke teologije i uopće koji je smisao franjevačke škole mišljenja od srednjeg vijeka pa do danas? Evo kratkog odgovora. Franjevci, koji su bili nadareni za filozofsko i teološko mišljenje, nastojali su veličanstvenu viziju Franje Asiškog filozofski i teološko razraditi. Vizija Franje Asiškog, koja se temelji na Isusovu evanđelju, naglašava bratstvo i sestrinstvo svih ljudi, ne samo svih ljudi, nego i svih bića, to jest svih Božjih stvorenja u svemiru. Sva bića u svemiru su braća i sestre po stvorenosti. Jednakost među bićima uključuje i razliku među bićima, jer je svako biće originalno. I samo različita bića mogu biti u jedinstvu. Tom vizijom i njezinim prakticiranjem u svom životu Franjo Asiški je ponudio alternativu svijetu mržnje i nasilja, u kojem i danas živimo. To je on rekao svojom poznatom rečenicom koja glasi: “Exivi de saeculo” - “Izašao sam iz svijeta nasilja.” Izašao je iz svijeta nasilja i počeo osnivati svijet mira. Zadaća svih odgovornih bića jest izlazak iz svijeta nasilja i uspostavljanje svijeta mira, slobode i ljubavi. Zamislimo svijet bez nasilja i zamislimo svijet u kojem nasilje više neće biti moguće. Koliko su veliki franjevački mislioci tu viziju uspješno razradili i koliko su franjevci Bosne Srebrene, koji su živjeli i djelovali na Franjevačkoj teologiji, to mišlju i djelom svjedočili, to jest otjelotvorili, neka prosude drugi. U radovima sa znanstvenog skupa, koji se ovdje objavljuju, autori su obrađivali važne teme iz različitih perspektiva, pri čemu se moglo uvidjeti da je do Istine moguće doći samo dijalogom različitih perspektiva. Dijalogom uviđamo da je Istina jedna i da nas Istina sve nadilazi i povezuje u jednu zajednicu, ne samo nas, nego i cijelo čovječanstvo. Karl Jaspers je rekao: Istina je ono što nas povezuje (Wahrheit ist, was uns verbindet).
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The Formation of Russian Rule over the Kazakh Steppe in the Early Nineteenth Century:Focusing on the Relationship between the Local Authorities and Kazakh Intermediaries At the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Kazakh Steppe was composed of four regions: the Inner Horde, Little Horde, Middle Horde, and Great Horde. This research note focuses on the penetration of Russian rule into the Middle Horde and Little Horde: the former, i.e., the Siberian Kazakhs, was put under the control of the Western Siberian Governor-Generalship based on the Statute on the Administration of Siberian Kirgiz (Kazakhs) in 1822, and the latter, i.e., the Orenburg Kazakhs, under Orenburg Province (guberniia) according to the equivalent rules that gradually came into force from 1824 onwards. These rules and statute worked both in the Middle and Little Hordes to divide each into several administrative units, with okrug, volost’, and aul introduced in the Siberian Kazakh Steppe, and with chast’, distantsiia, and starshinstvo introduced in the Orenburg Kazakh Steppe. At the top of all these units, some Kazakh notables served as intermediaries between the Russian authorities and the local population. By closely examining and comparing the dynamics of this interaction both within the Middle and Little Hordes, I attempt to detect regional particularities in the establishment of Russian rule in the Steppe.
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Within the language acquisition researches, the main focusing subject is searching the dominant usage of word category among acquisition and usage. In the findings through the researches, it takes part that noun spurt phenomenon does not have the same validity within the all databases and all languages. This study is based on the natural speech context of the 4-6 years old children groups. Also this is study is dealed with whether there is the noun bias in noun usage of children who acquired Turkish and are in later period. The most important finding of this study is determining that there is the dominance of verb usage rather than noun category which is also valid for either in three age groups. Additionally, it was found that the higher usage ratio of the verb type is the event category.
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This study aims to investigate ELT textbooks from the perspective of gender ideology underlying the representations of female and male figures, considering that coursebooks play an important role in children’s development of ‘gender’. The 7th grade English coursebook published by the Turkish Ministry of Education has been selected as the object of investigation, mainly because they are used by a large population at state schools. Both verbal and non verbal features of the textbooks have been analyzed through the content analysis, and discourse analysis has been applied to the verbal components to depict any possible power assymmetries reflected through language between two genders.
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The problem sentence of the study which aims to evaluate the compatibility of fictional and pragmatic texts in 8. grade Turkish textbooks with textuality criteria, is determined as “Are the texts in 8. grade Turkish textbooks compatible with textuality criteria?” This study is assumed to be important as it will provide feedback regarding the determination of textualities of the texts in Turkish textbooks. The data source of this study which depends on scanning model are the pragmatic and fictional texts in Turkish textbooks that were distributed to 8.grade students in city of Malatya in 2012-2013 academic year. There aare totally 19 texts in the book. 8 of the texts that are going to be examined are fictional texts and 11 of them are pragmatic texts. In the study, the textuality criteria suggested by İşeri (2010) was used as source. Only in 1 of the 19 texts (8 fictional and 11 pragmatic) (Memories and Documents about Ataturk) there is one to one compatibility with the determined textuality criteria. The texts being fictional or pragmatic did not effect their compatibility / incompatibility with textuality criteria. On the other hand the readability points of the texts are incompatible with student level except 5 texts. The readability levels of the 14 examined texts are below the student level. In this context, it is determined that the texts in 8.grade Turkish textbook were not created and selected by taking the textuality criteria into consideration.
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Baltic states have recently begun to leave behind the economic crisis that had touched the whole globe, and their economies are currently growing. What is more, Estonians and Latvians have already adopted the Euro, and Lithuanians are currently preparing to adopt it as their currency. The adoption of the Euro has been bitterly paid for: in Latvia, public servants had their salaries reduced by 20–25%. Nowadays, the economic situation seems to improve. Politically, however, these three states are in a very different situation and cannot be reduced to a common denominator. There is a democratic party system and internal conflicts, but in the case of Lithuania and Estonia, the Russian presence does not represent such an important question.
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