GÂNDIRE ŞI COMUNICARE ÎN PERIOADA CONTEMPORANĂ

Author(s): Eugeniu Nistor / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2016

Two elements are part of an efficient message: the thought and the word. Many contemporary thinkers are interested in the absolute way thinking and communication merge; thus, for Karl Jaspers, the complete efficient communication is represented by the Řexistential communicationř with its refined aspect ofŘspiritualized communicationř, while Ludwig Wittgenstein thinks that the task of reestablishing the real correspondence between the language and the world exclusively represents the privilege of the logic form in a sentence. The philosopher Lucian Blaga starts from the premise that human being is a metaphorical animal, proving that, in a communicative process, metaphor not only has the expressive function, that of linguistic ornament, but also a cognitive one, that of revealing the world's mysteries. The Canadian professor and researcher Marshall McLuhan underlines the fact that the progress of human communication is synchronized with technological progress and out of the three technological eras (manual, mechanical, electronic), the last one is overwhelming regarding the speed of information. For the philosopher, logician, essayist Alexandru Surdu, the author of a philosophic system (unfinished yet), in five courses, there are some archaic terms of our language (commented from Noica's perspective) that represent the ideal form of ''Romanian philosophical uttering'' through which the language and diversity of communication achieve extra potential and efficiency in nowadays world.

Васил Хаджистоянов-Берон и неговата „Първа българо-немска граматика“

Author(s): Denitsa Dimitrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

This article focuses on the contribution of the First Bulgarian-German Grammar Book, written by Vasil Hadzhistoyanov-Beron, the Bulgarian scholar from the National Revival period, to the enlightment of Bulgarian youth in the pre-Liberation period, and to the education of the nation in foreign languages, seen as a means for its integration with the European intellectual level. Beron's work is approached both from a linguistic point of view and with regard to its patriotic and moral message.

Иван Гюзелев – реформатор на българското учебно дело

Author(s): Emil Indzhov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

This article presents the educational activities of Ivan Gyuzelev during the 1870s and early 1880s. The article analyzes his pedagogical work at the Gabrovo School, including his preparing school programs and normative documents and creating school structures. His work as a school inspector in 1878 is traced. A main topic of the article is Gyuzelev's pedagogical reforms as Minister of Education in 1880. His legislative and administrative work is analyzed in detail. The conclusion is drawn that Gyuzelev's reforms succeeded in setting the course of formation of a post-Liberation school structure and defining the main problems of education.

Spór między saintsimonistami a furierystami o własność ziemi w kolonialnej Algierii w XIX wieku

Author(s): Kamil Popowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2019

In the nineteenth century, the French utopian socialists, Saint-Simonians and Fourierists, developed different concepts of the colonisation of Africa. These concepts collided in Algeria. The Saint-Simonians were impressed by the Arab system of the tribal ownership of land. They wanted to preserve it and ultimately bring the two peoples, the Arabs and the French, together in the spirit of a commune. On the other hand, the Fourierists wanted to expropriate Arabs from their land and hand it over to the French colonists so that they could build new economic communities of a phalanstery type. This article presents the theoretical disputes between the two schools and also describes the actual practical consequences of these disputes for the French colonial politics.

„Ryszard II to ja”. Teoria dwóch ciał króla i elżbietańska praktyka polityczna

Author(s): Emilia Olechnowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2020

The purpose of the article is to show how the doctrine of the King’s Two Bodies formulated by lawyer Edmund Plowden influenced political practice and its artistic representation. It is worth emphasising that the image of the king as a one-man corporation includes an immanent conflict resulting not only from the coexistence of conflicting identities in one person, but also from the need to constantly negotiate relations between them. Therefore, the concept of two bodies could simultaneously serve as a tool for legitimising and contesting power. This paradox is well illustrated by Queen Elizabeth I’s famous declaration “Richard II is Me”, which has been intriguing researchers for decades and receiving extensive comments. So far it has not been placed in the context of the doctrine of the King’s Two Bodies, in which it sounds probably most fully. The perspective of abolished temporality inscribed in it sheds a new light on the queen’s identification with Richard II: both the historical ruler and the hero of the Shakespearean chronicle.

За сър Роджър Скрутън (1944-2020), платонично

Author(s): Ewa Atanassow / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2020

This article offers a personal tribute to the late Sir Roger Scruton – writer, thinker, composer, musicologist, jurist, conservationist, wine connesseur, publicist and gadfly at large – interpreting his life and work in light of Platonic philosophy.

„Латински смутители в Константинопол: Анселм Хавелбергски и Уго Етериано“ от Георги Каприев

Author(s): Milan Georgevich / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2020

Umjerenost u grčkoj i islamskoj tradiciji i etika vrline Kur’ana

Author(s): M. Ashraf Adeel / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2020

This article looks at some of the salient analyses of the concept of wasaṭīyah (moderation) in the ancient Greek and the Islamic traditions and uses them to develop a contemporary view of the matter. Greek ethics played a huge role in shaping the ethical views of Muslim philosophers and theologians, and thus the article starts with an overview of the revival of contemporary western virtue ethics, in many ways an extension of Platonic-Aristotelian ethics, and then looks briefly at the place of moderation or temperance in Platonic-Aristotelian ethics. This sets the stage for an exposition of the position taken by Ibn Miskawayh and al-Ghazali, which is then used as a backdrop for suggesting a revival of the Qur’an’s virtue ethics. After outlining a basis for its virtue ethics, the Qur’anic view of the virtue of wasaṭīyah is discussed briefly and its position on this virtue’s nature in terms of the individual and the community is presented.

Posztmodern teológia? Avagy a like esélye

Author(s): István András / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2021

Guardando la nostra epoca sorgono in noi domande: „dove andiamo così” o „che fine avrà l’uomo”. L’articolo seguente porta davanti ai nostri occhio una risposta speciale che si costruisce sul lavoro di Leclercq e descrive l’uomo postmoderno come virtuale, senza gran affetto verso la teologia ma capace di creare qualcosa di nuovo. Seguendo l’itinerario di Leclercq possiamo osservare come dalla teologia monastica attraverso la scolastica con le scoperte del mondo moderno si arriva al postmoderno dove diventerà una da migliaia. Questo mondo prepara la via per qualcosa di nuovo in cui precisamente sarà presente anche Dio.

„За всяко следващо поколение проблемът с образованието е нов“ (Уайтхед)

Author(s): Dimitar Tsatsov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The review is for a new study by Prof. Veselin Petrov, which is dedicated to the application of A. Whitehead's philosophical ideas in education and learning. For the Anglo-American thinker, this is an area that is very important for the development of civilization and therefore devotes dozens of studies on this topic.

Франсиско Суарес като мост между схоластиката и философията на Новото време

Author(s): Aleksandar Spirdonov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

This article addresses the problem of the position of the Spanish theologian and philosopher Francisco Suárez (1548–1617) in the history of philosophy, delineating the main parameters of his system and establishing the profound influence he has on modern philosophers. The author examines the parallel views that produce ties of continuity between René Descartes and Francisco Suárez. The article devotes attention to Suarez’s conception of “formal concept”, which leads to a new interpretation of truth that differs from the Thomistic one. The author reaches the conclusion that the essentialism, logicism and subjectivism in the epistemology and ontology of the scholastic philosopher from Salamanca condition to a significant degree the development and specific contents of modern philosophical though. This conclusion, repeatedly noted by Heidegger, poses the question of the need to reconsider Suarez’s place in the history of philosophy.

Radical demand and spontaneity in K.E. Løgstrup's phenomenological ethics with continuous reference to S. Kierkegaard

Author(s): Velga Vevere / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Danish philosopher and theologian Knud Ejler Løgstrup (1905–1981) was professor of ethics and philosophy at the University of Aarhus. During his lifetime he published numerous books in phenomenology. In the context of the current article we should mention here Norm and Spontaneity, Art and Ethicsand, the most significant, The Ethical Demand and Controverting Kierkegaard. The purpose of thecurrent article is research the basic notions of his ontological ethics—the ethical imperative (radical,unspoken, one-sided and unfulfillable) and the sovereign expressions of life (trust, mercy, love, forgiveness, open speech, etc.). If the first one regards the demand for unselfish actions of the individual,then the second one—spontaneity and openness towards the other. In order to disclose these notions,the article confronts Løgstrup’s interpretation with Søren Kierkegaard’s (1813–1855) ethical stance,since the concept of sovereign expressions of life was offered to the reader in the book ControvertingKierkegaard. Løgstrup criticizes Kierkegaard for not paying attention to the real life phenomena andconcentrating upon the solely religious self-reflection of the nuclear abstract individual. The articleconsists of introduction, two parts and conclusion. The introduction sets the stage for further investigation giving the historical background, tracing influences by the leading phenomenologists of the 20thcentury (a special role here is assigned to Hans Lipps, Martin Heidegger and Frederic Gogarten). Thefirst part is devoted to the explication of the ethical imperative, while the second part—to the sovereignexpressions of life and human interdependence. The research is summarized in the conclusion, stressing possibility to apply Løgstrup’s phenomenological approach in nursing and psychiatry.

Phenomenology of cognition in the context of many-sided humanism of Staņislavs Ladusāns

Author(s): Māra Kiope / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Phenomenology contains potential that can be expanded to include the development of cognitive phenomenology concepts. One of the most notable works in this area is related to the name of StanislavsLadusāns (Staņislavs Ladusāns, 1912–1993), the famous Latvian and Brasilian philosopher. The articlewill outline the key elements of S.Ladusāns’ phenomenology of cognition, showing how his many-sided gnoseology was developed as the basis for multidimensional humanism to transform culture intoa more humane one. At first phenomenology of cognition is discussed as the ground of many-sidedhumanism. The notion of many-sided or multidimensional humanism clearly affirms that human understanding about the human itself is based on a plurality of principles. At the end of the seventiesStanislavs Ladusāns decided to realise the philosophy-as-rigorous-science approach—a clear citationof Husserlian idea—and to concentrate attention on the human person within the manifold relations—providing his/her existential experience. All the system of rigorous science of many-sided humanismshould be grounded on the theory of cognition. On the basis of epistemology, Ladusāns wants to builda unified picture of human existence, including the discoveries of many sciences and integrating theminto multidimensional humanism through philosophy. Meanwhile the phenomenology of cognition inits final form as it is appears in the monograph Gnosiologia Pluridimensional (1992) was build up byStanislavs Ladusāns during many decades. One of the first most important episodes in this process wasthe reinterpretation of the Thomistic concept of induction. Stanislavs Ladusāns deals with the conception of the general critical reflection by demonstrating the judgment-formation of the mind. Ladusānsholds that the sensual experience providing material contents of our knowledge displays certain nexuses between forms of experience, these may be transferred onto general inductive judgements. Thesecond significant episode in the construction of system of the phenomenology of cognition is linkedwith the concept of “doubling-of-cognition-structure” by which the religious, spiritual experience becomes philosophically legitimate. Even in the case of religion the objective evidence comes first; itgives an opportunity to reason to ascertain about the existence of God. Stanislavs Ladusāns places phenomenology of cognition or many-sided gnoseology at the corner-stone of his programme of culturalregeneration. The capacity of reason is incapable for revigoration of culture—these are overestimatedor underestimated—this has to be established in a truly gnoseological investigation. In the contextof critics of culture and ideologies is presented Ladusāns’ correspondence with Welte and Heidegger,which reveals the intensive quest for thinking about being that where characteristic of the seventies ofthe last century aspiring towards the grasping of the Highest Being.

Ebû Süfyan el-Gazânişî’nin Tanrıbilim ve Din Bağlamında Komünizm Eleştirisi Olan el-Burhânü’l-kāṭıʿ fî isbâti’s-sâniʿ Risalesi: Tahlil ve Tahkik

Author(s): Ersan Türkmen / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Abū Sufyan al-Ghazānishī who is from Kumuk Turks and was born in Dagistan is one of the intellectual people. Ghazānishī who completed his education in classical method had been interested in modern science and tried to penetrate to new claims around the modern sciences related to the period that he lived in. He, who is a versatile author, had written in different sciences. Especially when anti-religious movements such as communism began to spread in the region where he lived, he had written important works. Among these works, there is an epistle named as el-Burhānu’l-ḳāṭıʿ fî is̱bāti’ṣ-ṣāniʿ which constitutes our work. The author in this work criticizes the negative views that alleged especially by the communist thinkers about the existence of God, the truth and necessity of the religion. He uses the classical evidences like possibility, teleology, prophecy and miracle by constructing newly. On the other hand, he defends his thought by using new cosmological evidences related to the teleological argument. Ghazānishī tries to analyze the accuracy and necessity of the religion by discussing the religion from practical perspective. That is, he analyzes the practical part of the religion to prove the necessity of the religion by referring to ethical principles. Again, he mentions about the physical benefits of the religious responsibilities to support his views. Additionally, he answers the doubts that are asserted by the tendencies refusing religion with the help of logical approach.

Conception, Connotation, and Essential Predication: Peter Auriol’s Conceptualism to the Test in II Sententiarum, d. 9, q. 2, art. 1

Author(s): Giacomo Fornasieri / Language(s): English Issue: 54/2021

This paper comprises two parts. The first part is an introduction to Auriol’s moderate conceptualism, as it is presented in his Commentary on Book II of the Sentences, distinction 9, question 2, article 1. The second part is an edition of the text. In the introduction, I focus on Auriol’s use of the noetic tool of connotation. My thesis, in particular, is that connotation is a necessary prerequisite to his moderate conceptualism. To this purpose, the first part of this introduction will be devoted to a brief presentation of Auriol’s conceptualism. In the second part, Auriol’s theory of essential predication will be presented. In the third part, I will present my claim that Auriol’s theory of essential predication can only be made sense of when read against the background of his theory of connotation as applied to intellectual cognition. Finally, I will offer a collation of Auriol’s Commentary on Book II of the Sentences, distinction 9, question 2, article 1, obtained by collating eight manuscripts, which hand down Auriol’s text, that is, Firenze, Biblioteca nazionale centrale, ms. Conv. Soppr. B.6.121, Firenze, ms. Conv. Soppr. A. 3.120, Napoli, Biblioteca nazionale, ms. VII.C.3, Padova, Biblioteca Antoniana, ms. 161, scaff. ix, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, ms. latin 15867; Pelplin, Biblioteka Seminarium duchownego, ms. 46/85, Vaticano (Città del), Biblioteca Apostolica, ms. Borgiano 404, Vaticano (Città del), Biblioteca Apostolica, ms. Vat. lat. 942.

Откъси от Панепистемия

Author(s): Peter Beron / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

A Bulgarian translation of excerpts from Dr. Peter Beron’s largest work, the seven-volume Panépistème, published in Paris in 1861–1867

Преходът на Димитър Михалчев от идеите на Вилхелм Шупе към концепцията на Йоханес Ремке

Author(s): Dimitar Tsatsov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

According to the past hypothesis regarding Dimitar Mihalchev’s transition from the ideas of Wilhelm Schuppe to those of Johannes Rehmke, this shift concluded in the autumn of 1905. However, a newly discovered letter indicates the end date was actually in July of that year. Mihalchev's motive to adopt Rehmke's ideas and to abandon Schuppe's views was the Bulgarian philosopher's strongly critical attitude to neo-Kantianism and particularly to Windelband's and Rickert's conceptions of knowledge and values.

ІСТОРИКО-ФІЛОСОФСЬКА РЕФЛЕКСІЯ ПЕРЕДУМОВ ІДЕЇ ПРАВ ЛЮДИНИ

Author(s): Svitlana Borysivna Zhdanenko,Eduard Anatoliyovych Kalnytskyi,Yuliia Vasylivna Meliakova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2021

It is shown that the origins of the modern concept of human rights as the leading political and legal doctrine are in the horizon of the formation of philosophical knowledge. The ideas of the thinkers of antiquity, the Middle Ages and the New Age regarding freedom, equality, justice and human dignity, which constitute the basic principles and values of the concept of human rights, are considered. The genesis of human rights occurs in the context of the development of natural-legal thinking and the search for a balance between individual happiness and public good. It is proved that modern ideas about human rights are based on philosophical concepts, the quintessence of which was the proclamation of the autonomy and freedom of the individual.

ЛЮДИНОЦЕНТРИЗМ В СУЧАСНІЙ ІСТОРИКОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЧНІЙ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ЦИВІЛІЗАЦІЇ

Author(s): Ihor Skakun / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The article deals with the historical, cultural, philosophical and anthropological discourse in modern scientific paradigm. Philosophical and historical directions of contemporary science developed the actual and effective concept of human dimension. The goal of the study of the topic: anthropocentrism is a key paradigm of civilizational development. The concept asserts itself of anthropocentrism and biocentrism and forms a balanced system of the scientific world picture. There is a logical connection with the natural sciences, humanitarian aimed ideas. Anthropocentrism in the modern context is a model of development focused on the full disclosure of the capabilities of each person. Anthropological theme provides potential efficiency in anthropological research paradigms. Anthropocentrism has been the dominant ideology since antiquity. During the historical development of human civilization, this idea has become even more established. The key concept in the historical and civilizational context is the concept of "humanity". Man is a defining element of socio-cultural life. Research methods was constructed on the general scientific, cultural, philosophical and philosophical methodical arsenal. An important methodological approach in the coverage of this topic is hermeneutics. Scientific novelty: Scientific knowledge cannot be thought outside the moral and aesthetic context. This axiological idea is central to the modern picture of the world. Conclusions. The importance of the process of anthropologization is the ability to combine diverse knowledge into a coherent system.

Jan Baudouin de Courtenay, Czy historia i filologia mogą umiejętnie rozwiązać swoje zadanie bez ścisłego związku z filozofią, a mianowicie z filozofią historii i filozofią języka? Cz. I

Author(s): Mateusz Kowalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2021

The thesis by Jan Baudouin de Courtenay published here is probably the oldest of the texts by the Polish linguist. The text was submitted in 1864 as a part of the logic and philosophy course taught at the Warsaw Main School by Henryk Struve. It clearly shows an attempt by the young researcher to embark on a scholarly path, which turns out to be far from the one Baudouin de Courtenay took later in his academic activity. The future linguist argues here in defence of linguistics as a so-called physical science (a natural skill, as he often calls it in his dissertation), thus contrasting it with philology and history.