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AN INVESTIGATION OF ECOLITERACY AND IGBO COSMOLOGY IN CHINUA ACHEBE’S ARROW OF GOD

Author(s): Cindy Anene Ezeugwu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

The study interrogates the relationship that exists between language, literacy and the environment given the fact that the need for its sustainability is of essence especially in the contemporary times. This paper investigates eco-literacy in Achebe’s literary corpus Arrow of God. Findings suggest that long before campaign for environmental protection became a global trend, Igbo societies have made significant in road towards saving the biosphere from harmful effects due largely to human induced activities. These attempts are made manifest through traditional religion, myth, superstition and other cultural practices. The researchers’ contend that though the Igbos’ contribution may be deemed insignificant compared to the enormity of the emerging issues, it is still not out of place to assume that the present imput by government, and other agencies towards this direction are rather complementary to the efforts being made by the Igbo societies. The study adopts the Butterfly Effect and Chaos Theory for the inquiry and concludes that if the colonizers had known the thoughts of the Igbo concerning the ecosystem, they would have probably helped to strengthen eco-literacy ideology using natural and sustainable in road already created. The study recommends the need to revert back to some of these natural means which could help to sustain the environment.

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Resorting to Faith in a World of Dystopia

Author(s): Irina-Ana Drobot / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the phenomenon of resorting to faith which is present in the science fiction novel published in 2022 “O lacrima de Batavia” by Sergiu Somesan. The novel could be described as showing what happens after an apocalypse, since the sudden lack of electricity and electromagnetism suddenly occur. The story of the main characters resorts to the old myth of renewal and keeping faith. We could make an analogy with the situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, when many turned up to faith given the situation. What makes anyone resort to faith in difficult circumstances will be analyzed from the perspective of psychological theories. The dystopia described in the novel could have links with various presuppositions in the current political world; however, the author claims to have thought of the idea of lack of electricity before it was given as a possible scenario by the EU.

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Problemi traduttivi a proposito di A Distant Shore di Caryl Phillips

Author(s): Alessandra Lipari / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2020

The author has translated into Italian for the first time a significant passage of the seventh novel by contemporary British author, Caryl Phillips, “A Distant Shore”, and has analysed translationally and metalinguistically the problems concerning the transition from the source text to the target text. In particular, we have focused on the morphosyntactic level, on the pragmatic level and, above all, on the lexical level. The translation work and the analysis of the problems connected to it have allowed, on the one hand, to enter the author's writing laboratory and, on the other, to verify the consistency of translation theories in vogue. It has been noted that, in any case, the translator must also open his/her own laboratory in which to combine metatranslation knowledge, adherence to the source text and own creativity in problem solving.

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“From Japan, With Love”: Frozen and Baymax in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Author(s): Maria Grajdian / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Based on a decade-long fieldwork in the volatile and convoluted area of mass-media in Japan, this paper draws on empirical data and ethnographic research combined in hermeneutic interpretation and contributes with fresh insights into the impact Japanese popular culture has been providing on Western products of similar caliber. In this case, the animation movies Frozen (2013) and Baymax (2014), both released by Walt Disney Productions and hugely popular in Japan, are carefully scrutinized in their cross-cultural significance, on the background of an increasing awareness on the identity crisis faced by the concepts of “femininity” and “masculinity” nowadays and inspite of repeated waves of feminism, public outrage and legislative progress. By proposing the concept of “empowered, enlightened human being”, the current paper seeks to foster a more profound alternative to the ongoing debate, while taking into account the fundamental human needs to belong and to be free – an apparent contradiction, though nevertheless, an essential precondition on the path to becoming a responsible, self-confident citizen in late modernity.

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The Helpless Male: Breaking with the Traditional Male/Female Roles in the Novels Pride of Chanur and Foreigner by Carolyn Janice Cherryh

Author(s): Krunoslav Mikulan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

For decades science fiction literature was almost entirely dominated by men. Female authors, such as C. L. Moore or Leigh Brackett, usually hid behind male pen-names or initials that did not reveal their gender. The prejudices of the period were reflected in the characterization of the principal male and female characters. The typical male hero possessed mostly positive qualities, while the main female character was characterized by passivity and weakness, both physical and psychological. Carolyn Janice (C. J.) Cherryh is one of the authors that have changed the traditional representation of male-female relationships in science fiction. In her novels Pride of Chanur and Foreigner, we can discern at least four levels of subversion of traditional male-female relationships: a) The powerless man is dependent on the woman who is in a position of power. b) The woman is not transformed into the traditional male hero; she retains many of her female qualities. c) The man is not described as useless and stupid, but as intelligent and capable. d) Inter-species sexual intercourse is allowed. Cherryh's work proves that it is possible to speak of contemporary gender related issues in science fiction literature even while following the genre conventions.

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Slovene Literature in Foreign Translations (2000-2020): Trends, Dynamic and Significance

Author(s): Natalia Kaloh Vid,Suzana Mihurko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Literary translation is a communicative process based on the interaction and interweaving of cultures, which represents one of the most important factors for the promotion of a national literature in foreign cultural milieus. The main goal of this article is to analyse trends of translating Slovenian literature into foreign languages based on the data provided by the Slovenian Book Agency (JAK). We are interested in the following two questions: how many literary works have been translated into foreign languages from 2000 to 2020, and which languages are the commonest target languages? We analysed the data in the context of the Slovenia's political situation and geographical position and paid a special attention to the position of a translation in a polysystem.

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Mesnevihana je duhovna titula

Author(s): Mubina Moker,Rosana Ratkovčić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 65-68/2024

Interview with Mubina Moker by dr. Rosana Ratkovčić

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Reflections of “Otherness” in William Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra

Author(s): Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup,Maciej Jońca / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2024

The paper discusses the representation of “otherness” in William Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra. In this tragedy, Shakespeare weaved the ancient concept of otherness to elaborate on the social cleavage in Elizabethan society. Cleopatra, the main female character of the play, is depicted as the other, an alien blamed for the downfall of the Roman Empire. She is the epitome of all evil who destroys the power dynamics of the Roman world by seducing the Roman general. The analysis shows the dichotomies that Shakespeare builds, such as Rome versus Egypt, barbarity versus civilisation, and land versus water to list just a few. The study offers a new reading of the tragedy through the lens of alienation and otherness.

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The Rape of Lucrece and the History of Shame

Author(s): Anna Czarnowus / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2024

Shakespeare’s Rape of Lucrece can be discussed in the context of interpreting shame in antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. In this poem shame has legal and political consequences, since its social context matters and the external world is transformed by the emotion in question. Communal justice is a response to this shame and death. From the feminist perspective, which radically differs from St Augustine’s blaming Lucrece, she gains control by feeling shame and committing suicide. There is also a humoral background to the female shame she feels.

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Nowy kierunek badawczy? Uwagi na marginesie monografii Joanny Kamień, Prawo i literatura jako kierunek filozoficznoprawny, Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, 2024, ss. 407

Author(s): Michał Lewandowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2024

The monograph Prawo i literatura jako kierunek filozoficznoprawny [Law and Literature as a Philosophical and Legal Trend] is one of the most interesting studies devoted to the relationship between law and literature in the Polish scientific literature. Its author, Dr. Joanna Kamień, tries to convince the reader that a new current of research has emerged in Poland, which can be labeled “law and literature”. As a research tool, she proposes the use of four questions, which she has taken from the writings of Cracow scholar Professor Wojciech Zaluski. They read as follows: a) What is the law and what is its nature?; b) What are the values and purpose of the law?; c) What is the basis for the validity of the law and its observance?; d) How are the law studied and learned? This template can be applied to any literary work. The results obtained should then be collated, compared and commented on.

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FROM NOBLES TO SERVANTS: WOMEN'S ROLES IN GEORGIAN MONOGAMY - A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS THROUGH LITERARY SOURCES

Author(s): Nino Gambashidze / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2023

The earliest Georgian literary works, traditionally categorized as "hagiography," chronicle the lives and martyrdoms of notable figures from the early Christian era (5th -9th centuries). In addition to religious themes, these narratives reveal the actions of real individuals who, while advocating for their faith, also asserted their right to act independently, even in the face of aggression and opposition from those in power. This article delves into the roles of women in positions of authority, as well as women from lower social strata, who, according to medieval Georgian and Armenian sources, made significant contributions to the state despite their modest beginnings. The period following Persian, Arabian, and Turkish invasions in Georgia witnessed the introduction of "maidens" and "servants" into the monogamous culture, prompting questions about the purpose of this institution. It remains uncertain whether these foreign women were assigned to monarchs and noble leaders for specific, and possibly ambiguous, reasons. Consequently, both Georgian men and women across social classes grappled with the introduction of this institution, which was never formally endorsed. Unfortunately, servant women often bore the label of being loyal to their masters, further casting suspicion on them as potential "spies" within the royal court. The responsibility of challenging practices like polygamy or moral laxity often fell on the shoulders of accomplished women. Thus, the adage "Behind every successful man, there stands a strong woman" resonates in the portrayal of Georgian women throughout the centuries, continuing into modern times. In the presented article, there is an attempt to show the actions of women in power as well as women of low class who would carry out the idea of service to the state in spite of their social origin, according to Georgian and Armenian medieval sources.

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GEORGIA’S GREATEST MODERNIST POET UNDER THE SOVIET TOTALITARIAN REGIME

Author(s): Maia Ninidze,Natia Sikharulidze / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2024

The article studies the influence of the Soviet Union totalitarian regime on the famous Georgian poet – Galaktion Tabidze’s (1891-1959) life and works. The first two chapters refer to the legitimacy of using the terms “Totalitarianism” and “modernism” in this context and give a short survey of the general views about the tasks. Chapter three discusses the reasons why the Soviet leaders condemned Modernism and oppressed modernist authors. Next three chapters refer to one particular poet – Galaktion Tabidze and his efforts to survive and keep publishing his poetry. The detailed analysis of the changes made by him in his old (pre-Soviet) poems vividly reflect the directives of the Communist leaders. His failed attempt to publish a poem about the brutality of the totalitarian regime against Georgian rebellions demonstrates the strength of censorship. Galaktion Tabidze was not executed but was led to suicide step by step. We consider that literary works of other writers should also be studied from this point of view to make a full picture how the totalitarian regime oppressed writers and artists, controlled and influenced literature and art.

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За актуалния статус на личната библиотека на йеромонах Неофит Рилски в Рилския манастир

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За актуалния статус на личната библиотека на йеромонах Неофит Рилски в Рилския манастир

Author(s): Gabriela Angelova,Kameliya Hristova-Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

The article offers a brief overview of the published works on the private library of hieromonk Neophyte of Rila. The research suggests a comparative analysis of the present inventory of his private library collection provided by the library of the Rila Monastery and his own list, written by himself and kept at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Through this comparative study, the research aims to identify books currently missing from his personal library. This investigation is facilitated by the access granted to the Rila Monastery repository, enabling direct examination of hieromonk Neophyte of Rila’s private book collection.The primary objective of this research is to provide a reference tool that will facilitate the identification and location of missing units within the Library at the Rila Monastery and other pertinent repositories, which may house some of Neophyte’s private books.

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THE FIRST MANUAL OF ROMANIAN LANGUAGE FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS BY PROFESSOR V. MIRCESCO/ VASILE ALECSANDRI

Author(s): Luiza Catrinel Marinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

The present study aims to reread in a contemporary key one of the first Romanian grammars Grammaire de la Langue Roumaine par V. Mircesco précedée d un aperçu historique sur la langue roumaine par A. Ubicini, Paris, Maisonneuve et Cie, Libraires éditeurs, 15 Quai Voltaire, 15, 1863 intended for the use of foreign students, made by two personalities of the nineteenth century: A. Ubicini and V. Alecsandri, who signed with the pseudonym V. Mircesco. The study is a specific analysis of how the grammar and its historical context are interpreted now compared to the past. A key part of the rereading might be how the original grammar viewed the Romanian language, and how that approach is different from modern understandings of the language. The pedagogical aims intended for foreign learners, suggests a focus on making the language accessible to those who were not native speakers. The study looks at how effective this approach was, and whether the pedagogical methods used in the grammar (e.g., explanations, examples, exercises) would still be relevant today or if there are more effective ways to teach Romanian to non-native speakers. Both V. Alecsandri (Mircesco) and A. Ubicini were influential figures in 19th-century Romania. Their perspectives on language might reflect the political, cultural, and intellectual currents of the time. The study examines their role in shaping the image of Romanian as a language that could be both modernized and standardized, perhaps in the context of a broader European linguistic movement. From comparative linguistic analysis, a modern interpretation includes examining the role of language standardization processes in the 19th century, which were aimed at shaping a national language, and how those processes might be seen differently today. The study likely provides a modern analysis of how the Grammaire de la Langue Roumaine both reflects and shaped the historical and linguistic context of the time, and contrasts it with contemporary views on the Romanian language.

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THE EFFECTS OF LITERAL AND SYMBOLIC MASKS IN MARIANA FLAIȘER’S MĂȘTILE DE LA POARTA INFERNULUI (2024)

Author(s): Laura Ioana Leon / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

One of the most recent publications of “Grigore T. Popa” Publishing House in Iasi, Mariana Flaișer’s book, Măștile de la Poarta Infernului (2024) seems to have emerged from the author’s need to see what happens to individuals when they are confronted with hardships, wars, endemics and pandemics, catastrophic events by and large. The author tries to carry out this research by using arts and fiction as tools to investigate the human psyche. Mariana Flaișer discovers that during these difficult times artists come back to their familiar places that enables them to create. The act of creation during these times follows the pattern of denial which the author identifies as the natural response. Denial or the fictionalization of the harsh reality is meant to help us to survive. This is not such an unfamiliar technique in fiction. Mariana Flaișer goes even further to overlap the idea of denial with the mask (that may take several forms, from the one used for protection up to those used in carnivals) that people want to wear with the aim of hiding their real feelings and thoughts. Mariana Flaișer’s book is a thorough description of how our health choices are culturally dictated, coming with examples from world literature and various forms of arts that are meant to support the above-mentioned ideas.

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G. CĂLINESCU’S „WEDDING BOOK” AND ASPECTS REGARDING THE FAMILY THEME

Author(s): Ingrid Cezarina-Elena Ciochină / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2025

G. Călinescu’s “Wedding book” was one of the author’s first novels, as he admitted “an exercise” of what G. Călinescu the novelist would become. Therefore, we should not consider the novel worthless just because it represents an exercise, this novel has its own literary value represented by the intellectual quality, the suppleness of taste, the perfect style it was built upon, values also recognized by the literary critics. Addressing the theme of family as the fulfilment of the human being, the novel represents a true monograph of the family as an institution and at the same time a poem of matrimonial love. The foundation for this novel is marriage, with the purpose of creating a family. The very many aspects of family as a literary theme, such as marriage, the conflict between generations, tradition vs. modernity, devotion, etc. are being illustrated in a such an interesting and valuable manner by the author.

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METAMORPHOSES OF LOVE IN ELIADESCIAN PROSE

Author(s): Cristina Lizeta Furtuna / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

In the prose of Mircea Eliade, complex worlds are built, loaded with symbols and meanings that are revealed gradually to the discerning reader. Eliade’s narratives generally have multiple interpretation keys, obvious in the text, but through which a series of profound, surprising events and experiences are highlighted, which often redefine the way the individual understands the world around him.The theme of full love and transformations through love can be frequently identified in the writer’s work, in different forms which, however, converge towards the idea of love as a way of knowledge and self-knowledge, a gnostic love, which proposes to those involved to leave the horizontal plane and go through some transformative experiences. Eliade’s lovers leave the sphere of everyday life and could open their eyes to a mythical, eternal reality, accessible but only once a series of conditions are met.To illustrate these two poses of lovers in Eliade’s work, we will analyse two of the writer’s novels, Șarpele and Nuntă în cer, with an emphasis on how couples do or do not metamorphose into representations of the Adamic couple. The two narratives capture two different developments in the case of lovers who aspire to be saved from the human condition through love - in the case of the novel Șarpele, Andronic and Dorina, respectively the failure of the lovers in the Nuntă în cer, who miss their chance for happiness because they are, somehow, out of time.

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W stronę postinteligencji, czyli praktyki poznawcze posthumanistycznej pedagogiki postpiśmiennej

Author(s): Maciej Michalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2024

The article proposes changes in contemporary pedagogical cognitive practices, necessary due to the needs of the present day and effective implementation of reforms in subject didactics. The source of inspiration for the proposal presented in the text is post-humanities and the analysis of the postliterate condition. The former calls for greater emphasis on among others the practice of knowledge, participation and engagement, and the development of ways of thinking that help to address the environmental crisis, such as interdependent and long-term thinking. The post-literate condition requires a change of the dominant element in education from the culture of writing to audiovisual culture, as well as, a different understanding of the role of experience and truth. Transformations carried out in accordance with post-humanist and post-literate reflection will lead to the upbringing of a new type of graduate educated in the post-intelligence: having different competences (among others developed self-awareness, resilience and critical thinking) and co-creating a new social formation, characterized by greater interpersonal competences, openness to change and the ability to cope with the dynamics of the modern world.

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Fantastyka przełomu XIX i XX wieku w służbie edukacji polonistycznej na rzecz kryzysu klimatycznego

Author(s): Dariusz Piechota / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2024

This article is an attempt to introduce into school teaching the practice of re-reading the canon from an ecocritical perspective, and taking into account new texts raising the issue of global warming. The author suggests including fantasy from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, in particular the forgotten works of Antoni Lange, into the curriculum. Works such as New Tarzan and The Memorial of Dr. Chiang-Fu-Li may become an impulse for reflection on the nineteenth-century sources of the current crisis. Paradoxically, fantasy prose at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, read from an ecocritical perspective, reveals the aesthetics of modernism in the new, paradoxically realistic setting of the Anthropocene. Apocalyptic images seem extremely compatible with the contemporary realities, and constitute a kind of intergenerational parallel (19th–21st century).

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Biografie psów w baśniach Hansa Christiana Andersena pt. „Krzesiwo” oraz „Bałwan ze śniegu”

Author(s): Katarzyna Mencfel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2024

The aim of the article is to analyse literary biographies of dogs in fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen. Fairy tales as a genre accompany readers from the youngest years, becoming an important element of childhood memories. Returning to them as a more mature reader allows for new interpretations, which take into account the complexity of literary characters, including the non-human ones. Special attention in Andersen’s works should be given to animals, who receive their own literary biographies. The article discusses the methodology of analysing animal biographies, and then, presents zoocritical intepretations of two selected fairy tales by the Danish writer. The ecocritical interpretation focuses on literary representation of dogs, including their symbolism and function in the narrative context. The conclusion of the article is devoted to suggestions on how to integrate animal biographies into teaching Polish in primary schools, including the teaching potential and educational value of this approach.

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