« J’allais sous le ciel, Muse ! et j’étais ton féal ». Le vagabond dans la poésie française de la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle

Author(s): Maia Varsimashvili-Raphael / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2014

Throughout history, vagrancy appears as one of the notions of the Human Condition. Its artistic and poetical representations are drawn from multiple sources and offer various models. The fantasy of vagrancy in French poetry in the second half of the Nineteenth Century is fashioned as much through the vagrant’s relationship with space as with Society. Its models spring from marginality and contestation. Spatial structure presents an opposition between « closed » and « open », « interior » and « exterior », and so forth... These separations fluctuate and interact mutually. The poet conjures, from any questing, marginal figure, his own image. The general tendency, from Hugo to Rimbaud, shows both a crushing of the poetical figure, transforming it into a magus or a prophet, and the proliferation of the accursed poet’s « negating anger ».

Le vagabond et ses avatars chez Apollinaire

Author(s): Olivia-Ioana Costaş / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2014

Passionate about mundane details and singular beings, Apollinaire deploys throughout his stories and novels quite a collection of mysterious and paradoxical characters. A central place in his collection is occupied by the wanderer which illustrates the propensity of the writer towards the occult and the picturesque, towards the anecdotal and the extraordinary. As a being always on the run he is sometimes associated with a bohemian spectator, jouisseur of the street and sometimes a marginal presence bordering on antisocial. Versatile character, the apollinarian wanderer does not refer to a specific social type. Wanderer, bohemian, chiffonnier, antique dealer, he has a rather metaphorical position that allows him to expose multiple identities at once. His multivalent nature makes it difficult for a true literary taxonomy. Always seeking innovation and surprise, Apollinaire was able to refine the ambivalence of the wanderer and often relates it to the image of the artist. Marginal and mystifying, the apollinarian wanderer is yet lacking any pejorative sense because its uniqueness is only a sign of originality. With its attractive heterogeneity, the apollinarian prose creates a vast and fine repertoire with a wanderer who is constantly redefining the concept of wandering. With its multiple facets, it actually becomes a living metaphor of a work that is looking through a hybrid and plural writing, mixing genres and composite images. Exploring the prose of Apollinaire, however, we can detect multiple lines of coherence that ultimately reveal a rich array of the wanderer. Despite the nature of the chameleonic apollinarian wanderer, our challenge is to analyze his literary metamorphoses and thus arrive at a definition that surprises in its many urban disguises.

Le vagabondage moderne dans le théâtre de Henri-René Lenormand

Author(s): Tomasz Kaczmarek / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2014

The motif of the wanderer is not new in the French theatre, but in the first half of the twentieth century due to the general crisis of values, some authors refer to it in order to display the plight of modern man. One of them is H.-R. Lenormand, an author not very well-known to a wider audience nowadays, who under the influence of Strindberg writes plays which refer to the expressionist aesthetics. He creates a lot of works in which he employs the technique of the station drama.. It is this form that allows him to focus on the evolution of the character and his metamorphosis. While in Les Ratés he shows buffoons heading for the brink of despair and finally their certain death, in L'Homme et ses Fantômes he focuses on the inner journey of the main character, who is looking for the reason for his suffering in his own soul.

Sur les traces du vagabond dans les textes beauvoiriens : exploration du monde et découverte de l’autre

Author(s): Anna Ledwina / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2014

Simone de Beauvoir – a writer, journalist, and philosopher, a pioneer of modern feminism, a collaborator and life partner of Jean-Paul Sartre, was also a tireless traveller, who embarked on numerous journeys described in her autobiographical accounts and correspondence. The author of The Second Sex invariably seeks new sensations and is attracted to other people. Memories of visits to foreign countries are characterized by detailed descriptions and exploration of the world. Each destination is presented from the viewpoint of aesthetics, avoiding interactions with the local population. Over time, under the influence of her trips, Beauvoir becomes aware of the complexity of "the Other" and the need to support people and reject own isolation. Her writing becomes involved, subjective, and empathetic, reflecting growing interest in the problems of other people and sensitivity to social injustice and ideological issues. The shrewd observer searches for the meaning of life and her own "self". The universal dimension of the human condition appears to be far more important than individual experiences of the previously egocentric woman.

Du vagabondage à la sainteté – la quête de soi dans Becket ou l’honneur de Dieu de Jean Anouilh

Author(s): Sylwia Kucharuk / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2014

At first glance, the protagonist of the play has none of the characteristics of a vagabond. However, subjected to a more thorough analysis, he proves to be endowed with many features typical of a wanderer, such as alienation, unrest, loneliness, social isolation and individualism. In the text he is described as a man who is « in the search for himself, » his exile is, first and foremost, a metaphysical search for his own « self » and for the meaning of life. He is also a character undergoing a metamorphosis – from a lecher he becomes a saint. The shift seems to come as a consequence of being an exile from his own country. This exile, however, in its literal dimension, becomes too heavy a burden for him, and, be rid of the burden, he chooses to die a martyr. This article presents the evolution of the personality and the shift in the social standing of the character, as well as the reasons for, and consequence of, his exile.

L’errance de l’artiste dans La Montagne secrète de Gabrielle Roy

Author(s): Anna Żurawska / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2014

The aim of the article is to examine the figure of a vagabond and an artist in the novel The Hidden Mountain (La Montagne secrète) by Gabrielle Roy which, according to Antoine Boisclair, is the first Quebec novel completely devoted to painting. It presents the wandering of the artist who does not perceive his vagabondage as movement from one place to another, but regards it as the essence of both his existence and his creation. First, the analysis explores the problem of wandering as narrative basis, examining the tension between the external reality and the inner experience of the painter. Then, the aim of the artist’s journey, symbolically delineated by the Hidden Mountain, is analyzed. The final part of the article is devoted to the concept of art presented in the novel, with particular emphasis on the humanistic dimension of artistic creation.

Vagabondage dans Le Mont Damion d’André Dhôtel

Author(s): Aleksandra Komandera / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2014

The paper discusses the theme of wandering in the novel by French author André Dhôtel. The protagonist of Le Mont Damion, Fabien Gort, is not a typical vagrant, as he is a member of an intellectual and quite rich family. However, because of his strong absent-mindedness and strangeness, Fabien is unable to find a place in social structures. People’s hostility leads him to many wanderings and unexpected encounters which influence his existence. The novel seems to be also a generic wandering, as it possesses some features of picaresque novel, adventure novel, initiation story and fairytale fantasy.

L’errance du cœur et l’oubli des injustices chez Panaït Istrati

Author(s): Anca Porumb / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2014

Using a simple narrative technique, Panaït Istrati is an excellent painter of the Balkans and, above all, he is the friendship seeker. Our study starts from an interrogation: What makes the main character, Adrien Zograffi, wander from one place to another? Is there his taste of adventure or any ideal? The two parts of the work describe several important moments from the volume The Youth of Adrien Zograffi, where Romanians, Greeks and other nations from a Romanian town near the Danube share their happiness and their sadness.

La Figure de l’enfant viator chez Le Clézio, un nouveau type de pícaro

Author(s): Diana Presadă / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2014

The first short story in the volume Mondo and Other Stories serves as a model for the other stories in the collection in terms of the themes, the representation of the child’s portrait and the stylistic peculiarities of the text. More exactly, the story describes the world of “children seen as kings” (Brée, 1990: 100) where everything is dominated by goodness, purity, beauty and magic. As the reference to Sinbad the Sailor at the beginning of the book suggests, the story depicts a moving journey in pursuit of a dream. This is the journey of a child who, refusing the adult world from which he feels alienated, is in search of himself and the unknown. As an image of the viator child, can we consider Mondo a new type of vagabond? Why is he emblematic of the author’s fictional universe and of universal literature? By answering these questions, the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the originality and uniqueness of Le Clézio’s writing.

La légende du Juif errant dans La Mémoire d’Abraham de Marek Halter

Author(s): Paweł Kamiński / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2014

In the very beginning of the 17th century appears a famous legend of the Wandering Jew named Ahasverus, who is characterised by some immutable features. Since then, the story has inspired various artists and despite the passage of time it keeps on arousing a great interest among both writers and readers. The main goal of the present study is to compare the collective protagonist from The Book of Abraham, a twentieth century novel by Marek Halter, to the legendary figure. Therefore, we present a vast and accurate picture of the interactions between the Jewish protagonists from Halter’s novel to the features typical of Ahasuerus.

En quête de soi, enquête sur soi. Représentations du vagabond dans Fuir (1988) de Linda Lê

Author(s): Julie Assier / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2014

In Fuir, Linda Lê features two characters – a vagrant nicknamed “Le Japonais” and the narrator, exiled to an unnamed Asian country – that seem to be re-cognized for what they are : lonely beings in search of an alter ego. Their improbable than astonishing meeting marks the beginning of a wandering both geographical and mental; the reader follows through the streets, alleys, driveways, sidepaths, pedestrian streets of indeterminate city symbolizing the maze of life whose meaning is to be decoded. The figure of the vagabond reflects the obsessions and concerns of the writer on his anguish of living. It also crystallizes its founding and formative reading, including the Romanian philosopher Emil Cioran and the Swedish writer Stig Dagerman who greatly influenced in the writing and the construction of her novel. Fuir is both a question about the absurdity of life and a metaphor for the condition of the exiled writer.

D’une hétérotopie à l’autre où le vagabondage au féminin (Jean Echenoz, Un an)

Author(s): Simona Jisa / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2014

Jean Echenoz’s text presents Victoria’s story who runs away from Paris, believing that she has killed her lover. Her straying (that embraces the form of a relative deterritorialization in a Deleuzian sense) lasts one year and it is built up geographically upon a descent (more or less symbolical) to the South of France and, after that, she comes back to Paris and encloses the spatial and textual curl. From a spatial point of view, she turns into a heterotopia (Foucault) every place where she is located, fact that reflects her incapability of constituting a personal, intimate space. The railway stations, the trains, the hotels, the improvised houses of those with no fixed abode are turning, according to Marc Augé’s terminology, into a « non-lieux » that excludes human being. Her vagrancy is characterized through a continuous flight from police and people and through a continuous decrease of her standard of living and dignity. It’s not about a quest of oneself, but about a loss of oneself. Urged by a strong feeling of culpability, her vagrancy is a self-punishment that comes to an end when the concerns of her problems disappear and she finds out that her lover is alive.

Словенска фолклорна анималистика као оквир за конструисање наративног идентитета

Author(s): Jelenka J. Pandurević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 17/2018

This paper establishes a connection between the narrative on the origin of the cuckoo, the snake, and the mole and oral history discourse. It focuses on the anthropological perception of narrative mediation of knowledge of the past, which, in this concrete case, is realised through passing on oral contents within family and local traditions. Thus, the analysis is determined to a large extent by categories such as culture of remembrance, autobiographic remembrance, and narrative identity, apart from folkloristic and literary theory ones.

Епски пјевачи српских народних пјесама у поствуковској ери

Author(s): Saša D. Knežević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 17/2018

Vuk Stefanović Karadžić was deprived of his life-long wish to travel across the territory of the then Bosnia and Herzegovina and witness first-hand the vibrant oral traditions in the region. Numerous followers of his oeuvre set on a mission to fulfill his desire in this regard, with their efforts being made easier by the social ambience of the second half of the 19th century, which saw vivid activity concerning gathering and publishing pieces of oral tradition. Although a certain number of collections featuring these kinds of poems emerged during that period, with poems also appearing in journals published in the region, this still does not mean that research into the matter is any easier, since there are few pieces of data left by the editors on singers engaged, and journals often record only data regarding the sender of the poem, not its singer. Thus, our research focuses on two singers, in many ways specific and exemplary. They are Ilija Divjanović and Milovan Vojičić, Bogoljub Ptranović’s and Milman Parry’s most significant associate respectively. A comparative analysis of poems taken from classic collections edited by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić shows that both of them are adherents of the best Serbian epic singers from this region.

Fede e ragione in Manzoni dal 1817 alla „Morale cattolica”

Author(s): Vincenzo F. Fiore / Language(s): Italian Issue: 17/2018

In 1810, following his conversion, Manzoni returns to the Italian city of Milan, where he abandons himself to the spiritual guidance of Monsignor Luigi Tosi, recommended by Eustace Degolo, a Jansenist abbot. The former receives a letter from the latter in 1817, informing him on how Manzoni managed to escape a great danger: he found himself caught in a spiritual crisis that almost led him to an act of heresy. Manzoni, getting away from Tosi, attempts at selling out all his possessions in Milan in order to move to Paris (France), where he would stay with a friend of his, Claude Fauriel, for Manzoni laments for open-minded discussions he used to have with Fauriel in the French capital. At the same time, he finds the reactionary Catholic atmosphere in Milan appalling and disappointing in terms of his liberalism hued with Enlightenment and patriotic ideas. Still, Manzoni does not undertake the aforementioned journey that year and Manzoni abandons the idea of living in Paris and, what is of ultimate significance, he manages to struggle through the crisis that separated him from sacraments for a while. As a result of this struggle in 1817, there emerges his book entitled Observations on Catholic Ethics (Morale cattolica), an apologetic piece of prose conceived in order to refute Sismandi’s Histoire des Republiques italiennes au Moyen-Age, especially those sections in which this Calvinist scholar criticises Catholicism relying on a Machiavellian political tradition directed against the Roman Catholic Church. Reading Manzoni’s Observations on Catholic Ethics helps us understand the depth of crisis the author finds himself in, to realise that it originates from the criticism of the Catholic church from liberal and Enlightenment positions, represented by Sismondi himself. In addition, this work reveals the answer Manzoni used to give to both liberals and himself. It can be narrowed down to an ambitious and painstaking reconciliation concept: a complex agreement between ratio and faith, between moral truth and Catholic truth, between history and religion. Reading this work helps us understand Manzoni’s poetics in terms of its founding ideas as well, as depicted in A Letter to Mister Chauvet (Lettre a Monsieur Chauvet), but it also shows us the prodromes of the works to follow, such as The History of the Infamous Column (Storia della colonna infame) or the comparative essay entitled The 1789 French Revolution and the 1859 Italian Revolution.

Romantic Love as a Threat to Social Stability in Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet” and Anouilh’s “Romeo and Jeanette”

Author(s): Milena M. Kaličanin,Jovana M. Zdravković / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2018

In this paper we focus on the comparative analysis between Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and its modern version, Anouilh’s Romeo and Jeannette. Anouilh is a representative of modern playwrights who evoke Shakespeare in their argument that a number of structures in our society are enemies of the authentic individual. What they adopt from Shakespeare is the capacity of man to relate with the world in a loving way. We argue that Anouilh’s Romeo and Jeannette fits the template of Shakespeare’s Tragic Equation – the mythical pattern present in all of the Bard’s works, the tragedy of the Lover devoid of love. These works evoke Shakespeare’s warning: that modern society is not conducive of love. On the contrary, the system is based on the suppression of genuine human affection; its re-emergence would subvert the dominant power-relations. In the introduction, we attempt to define the notion of romantic love by referring to the works of Bloom, Illouz, Vyvyan, etc. The following two segments of the paper deal with the analysis of the romantic relationship in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and its modern evocations in the work of Anouilh. In the conclusion, the destructive tendencies of the (modern) patriarchal society are yet again highlighted and linked to Shakespeare’s warning and desire to make his audience and readers perceive, judge and finally condemn them.

Пандани у фикционалном свету Маргарет Етвуд: Грејс Маркс и Мери Витни

Author(s): Milena Z. Nikolić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 17/2018

The subject of transworld identity has been highly controversial both in philosophical and literary theories. Opinions range from the view that the notion of an identity that holds between objects in distinct possible worlds is so problematic as to be unacceptable, to the view that the notion is utterly innocuous, and no more problematic than the uncontroversial claim that individuals could have existed with somewhat different properties (Mackie et al. 2013). The criteria for identification and determination of transworld identity are used from Lubomir Dolezel’s theory of possible worlds. The aim of this paper has been to identify and analyse the ways in which the relation between the prototype and its counterpart is established in a work of fiction, in particular Margaret Atwood’s novel Alias Grace (1996), as well as to detect elements that point at the existence of a transworld identity between the two individual entities (the novel’s two female characters). Namely, our goal has been to show that there is a possibility that the individual entities exist both in the actual world of the text (AWT) and the alternative possible world (APW), which is parallel to the AWT. We have focused on the trans-world relation between the two female protagonists of Atwood’s novel – Grace Marks and Mary Whitney. We have endeavoured to show that Grace Marks (the novel’s main protagonist) and Mary Whitney (supposedly her best friend) serve as an example of the way in which the transworld identity is established. It has been concluded that the/a transworld identity was established on two levels. First, the transworld relation is determined between the characters that share the same proper name: the real Grace Marks (a historical figure that lived in the 19th century in the US) and the fictional Grace Marks (Atwood’s heroine). Also, the/a transworld relation is detected between the characters with a different proper name, in particular, between the fictional Grace Marks and her counterpart in the character of Mary Whitney. Due to the fact that no one (and nothing) within the novel could confirm the existence of Mary but Grace herself, there is a possibility that Mary functions as a mere product of Grace’s imagination – her alter-ego. We may reasonably assume that Grace and Mary are the same person existing in different worlds. This becomes evident the moment Mary leaves the AWT (she dies) and becomes an inhabitant of the world of the dead (APW). Soon we learn that she pays a visit to the AWT (in the episode of Grace’s hypnosis) by entering Grace’s body and speaking through her. The episode on hypnosis blurs the borders between the two worlds and confirms the idea that Grace and Mary are the genuine representatives of the transworld entities.

О идеолошком читању и тумачењу српске књижевности

Author(s): Aleksandar M. Materić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 17/2018

Review of: Bulatović, Boris (2017), Oklevetana književnost: ideološki aspekti u kritičkom sagledavanju srpske književnosti i kulture krajem 20. i početkom 21. veka, Novi Sad: Naučno udruženje za razvoj srpskih studija.

Български литературни маршрути. Перипетии и успехи на едно споделено познание

Author(s): Lyubka Lipcheva-Prandzheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2015

Lecturi destinate principilor: Dumnezăiasca liturghie a lui Dosoftei (1679) din perspectiva particularităţilor de limbă

Author(s): Loredana-Liliana Buzoianu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 17/2017

Am ales spre studiu lingvistic cartea bisericească: „Dumnezăiasca liturghie, Dosoftei, 1679. Ediţie critică de N.A. Ursu, Iaşi, 1980 (Cu studiu introductiv de Înalt Prea Sfinţitul Teoctist, Arhiepiscop al Iaşilor şi Mitropolit al Moldovei şi Sucevei)”. Am încercat să menţionez cele mai importante particularităţi lingvistice. Textul înregistrează, cu valoare de normă, unele fonetisme arhaice, iar limba este, în general, unitară, omogenă pe plan lexical, morfologic şi sintactic. Astfel, constatăm utilizarea lejeră a limbii şi ușurința de exprimare a autorului.