Darknet. Ostatni bastion wolności w internecie?

Author(s): Marta Majorek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

The purpose of the article is an analysis of the potential use of various types of Darknet tools in privacy protection and ensuring the safety of activists or journalists operating in places, where access to reliable information is limited or blocked. An overview of free software tools will be provided in the context of their main functionality such as: masking user locations and activities, free spreading of the information, and finally providing the possibility of reliable and secure communication. During the last decade, Darknet’s browsers have enabled activists to disseminate information concerning events taking place during The Arab Spring, and other actions aimed at strengthening the libertarian and pro-democracy movements opposed to the oppressive authorities.

Testament proboszcza parafii Stolec, dziekana sieradzkiego Józefa de Sotro z 1822 r.

Author(s): Piotr Szkutnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 122/2024

A will is only one type of notarial deed, introduced in the Polish lands in 1808. The wills of clergymen make up a small percentage of the total of such documents. The last will of Rev. Józef de Sotro constitutes a handwritten will, written personally by the testator, which is rare among this category of records. The clergyman is distinguished by his position as head of the deanery, his French origin, his noble status and his long tenure (37 years) in the parish of Stolec, where he lived with his parents and sister. J. De Sotro’s will, carefully written in 1822, was found after his death in 1828. In it, the testator asked for prayers for the soul, giving details of the funeral, for which, as well as for the poor, he allocated appropriate sums. He also described his assets, consisting of movables and receivables. He ordered that the rectory’s inventory be retrofitted, and that the sum from the sale of its property be divided into three equal parts: for the church, for the relatives (for the sister and the Bęczkowski nephews), and for the executors, whom he appointed a total of four, including a nephew-priest.

Powstanie i dzieje monasteru Przemienienia Pańskiego w Kobryniu do końca XVI wieku

Author(s): Antoni Mironowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 122/2024

The study is devoted to the foundation and the oldest history of the Transfiguration Monastery in Kobryn, which played an important role in the history of the Orthodox Church in the 15th and 16th centuries. Prince of Kobryn Semen Romanovich founded the Transfiguration Monastery in his castle, making a bequest to the monastery before 1460. The Transfiguration Monastery in Kobryn developed dynamically until the middle of the 16th century. The monastery’s endowments and privileges have been confirmed by the rulers several times. In the early 1640s, the monastery was stripped of part of its endowment. We obtain the most information about the Transfiguration Monastery in Kobryn from the monastery’s vetting of 20 December 1562, which was part of the inspection of Kobryn’s economy conducted early the following year. At that time there were four Orthodox parishes in Kobryn. Two bishops of the Turów-Pińsk Diocese originated from the Kobryn monastery – Vasyan and Jonasz. At the end of the 16th century, the Kobryn archimandry was treated by the rulers as a distribution of goods to their subjects for merits to the country, including lay people. The attitude of the Kobryn monastery to the changes taking place in the Orthodox Church in the second half of the 16th century and to ecclesiastical union was determined by the attitude of its individual superiors and the policy of the bishops of the Volodymyr–Brest and Turów-Pińsk dioceses. The Ordinary of the Diocese of Volodymyr-Brest is known to have been one of the supporters and implementers of ecclesiastical union. The ruler of Turów-Pińsk was also an advocate for the union. After the Union of Brest, the Transfiguration Monastery became a Basilian monastery, whose superiors were often diocesan ordinaries.

Value-based studies relating to the ICOMOS Guidelines on Fortifications and Military Heritage

Author(s): Doo-Won Cho / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2024

Fortifications are the outcome of the historical development of human settlements, regions, and even nations. From the prehistoric era to modern times, fortifications have been an essential component of the self-defense of any human community. Fortifications were integrated with their settings in various ways. ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites), an advisory body in the field of cultural heritage of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, prepares charters, principles, guidelines, and declarations to effectively establish, conserve, and utilize various categories of cultural heritage, and promotes them to the world. ICOFORT (International Scientific Committee on Fortifications and Military Heritage), one of the international scientific committees under ICOMOS developed a charter on the protection, conservation, and interpretation of fortifications and military heritage from 2007 to 2021. This charter was officially adopted during the ICOMOS General Assembly in 2021 under the title of “the ICOMOS Guidelines on Fortifications and Military Heritage.” ICOMOS Guidelines set out how to identify the basic attributes of fortifications and military heritage indicating their value. In this paper, the aim is to provide directions for stakeholders, mainly site managers in specific fields of fortifications and military heritage, on how to identify, disseminate a fortification’s value, conserve its attributes embodying the value, and utilize its heritage through a value-based approach. It considers and offers an interpretation of the attribute system that reflects the functional authenticity of the fortifications and military heritage.

National treasures (国宝, kokuhō) in Japanese law: From Zen Buddhism to Living National Treasures

Author(s): Ronan Bretel / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2024

The concept of ‘national treasure’(國寶, kokuhō) appeared in Japanese law in 1897. But it was not until the Law of 30 May 1950 that it was backed by a real legal regime. This transliteration is the modernised version of 國寶, originating in Chinese Buddhism, in which the Sōtō tradition speaks of 重國寶, Jūkokuhō, ‘important treasure of the country.’ The link between movable cultural heritage and Japan’s national history also revolves around the central role played by the ‘three sacred treasures of Japan’ (三種の神器). Since 1950, the concept, which is indifferent to the oppositions between movable and immovable, tangible and intangible, has been developed in the light of the new categories of heritage that have emerged. The expression has even left the strict confines of the law and entered everyday language to designate ‘conservators of important intangible cultural property’ (重要無形文化財保持者), commonly known as ‘Living National Treasures.’

Preservation of cultural heritage in China: A case study of Beijing hutongs

Author(s): Yinhui Mao,Yan Sun / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2024

The aim of this paper is to delve into the historical preservation of hutong as cultural heritage. Research reveals that in response to the needs of urbanization and modernization in Beijing, hutong has undergone continuous cycles of demolition and reconstruction, facing intricate developmental dilemmas. With the strengthening awareness of cultural heritage preservation in Chinese society, there has been a considerable increase in support from national laws and policies, emphasizing the importance of preserving and renovating old city areas such as hutong. Moreover, this study finds that Beijing Municipality has comprehensively revitalized hutong from the perspective of residential environment, transportation, and cultural tourism development, yielding a series of positive outcomes. Understanding the preservation process of Beijing hutong offers insights into China’s advancement in cultural heritage conservation, highlighting its people-centered and context-specific approach, thus providing a deeper understanding of China’s new developments in cultural endeavors in the contemporary era.

Speaking of the dead: Human remains as heritage in the Singapore context

Author(s): Jack Tsen-Ta Lee / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2024

This article considers, in the Singapore context, the legal status of unburied human remains having heritage value, which might be in the form of a deceased person’s corpse that has not been interred; or preserved remains, possibly in a museum or a private collection. It is submitted that, following the guided discretion approach adopted in recent cases concerning human tissue obtained from living human beings, such human remains should be regarded as having the status of property. This would, among other things, enable civil and criminal proceedings to be pursued in domestic law if such remains are removed from archaeological sites or museums without authorization, and for international frameworks facilitating the return of illicitly exported cultural objects to apply. The article also looks at the status of buried human remains, grave goods and funerary monuments, and guidelines concerning the proper treatment of remains in a museum setting. Provided that the interests and beliefs of the community, ethnic or religious groups from whom human remains originated are considered, research into human remains and their sensitive display in museums are important ways for us to learn more about our origins and ourselves.

Голямото заслужено признание

Author(s): Author Non Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

Ден на отворените врати – 24 май

Author(s): Author Non Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

Национална библиотека „Свети свети Кирил и Методий“ като хъб за ново знание

Author(s): Tereza Trencheva,Evelina Zdravkova,Kamelia Planska-Simeonova,Svetoslava Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

Optimizing data-flows in the book value chain, and the EODOPEN project

Author(s): Szabolcs Dancs / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Sustainability of Library Media Communication

Author(s): Maja Micevska Rizova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

Познанието като практика на информатизацията без граници – ХХ Юбилейна Студентска научна конференция и изложба в УниБИТ с международно участие „Информация – Разум – Мъдрост” – 17 май 2024 г.

Author(s): Angel Georgiev,Mariyana Matova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

It is given a panorama of the XX Jubilee Student scientific conference and exhibition with international participation of the University of Library Studies and Information Technologies Information – Reason – Wisdom – Day of the Open doors of the University with a device: The heirs will reap your fruits (17 May2024).It is emphasized the real scientific platform of the forum, structured of nine Round tables in three sections: Librarianship, bibliography, book science; Information technologies and Cultural-historical heritage. It is described the represented to the scientific community production of the members of the unique in Bulgaria Student Scientific Society with Research center base of 4576 enumerated titles of publications of students and doctoral students from Bulgaria, USA, UK, Russia, Hungary for 2005-2024 which are realized in the framework of the past annual student scientific conferences of ULSIT. The participants of the Conference of 17 May 2024 have the possibility to get acquainted with 537 reports from which 284 are studies and 253 essays. At the cynosure are two competitions: For scientific commentary of works of the Bulgarian refined letters (IX-XXI c.) Anthologica; For most précised, succinct and comprehensive definition of the phenomenon Wisdom. At the forum have been rationalized also the complex of 100 information resources, created by the students and doctoral students of the University: 19 volumes of the Proceedings of the Student Scientific Society at ULSIT, 34 books of the bibliographic, historiographic and reference-encyclopaedic series Torchbearers, 33 е-libraries (ANTHOLOGICA, ARYANICA, AUTOBIOBIBLOGRAPHICA, BALANICA, 74 Библиотечни практики BULGARICA, CHEKHOVIANA, CIVILIANA, CLIO, COGNITOLIGICA, COMMENTATORICA, DECAMERONICA, ECOVIANA, ENCYCLOPAEDICA, ERUDITICA, ETYMOLOGICA, EVRISTIANA, GLORICA, GRATULATORICA, HOFFMANNIANA, HUMANITARIANA, LEVSKI, NESTINARIANA, ORTHODOXY, PAISIADA, PATRIARCHICA, PEDAGOGIA, PRAXIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGICA, PUSHKINIANA, RAKOVSKI, UNIVERSALICA, VISUALICA, ZLATARICA) and 14 visualizations of the 20-years history of SSS block (wall pictures of photo frames, publications and theses). It is revealed the design of the main genres of bibliographic, historiographic and encyclopaedic information resources of SSS at ULSIT and is described the incorporation of the Proceedings of the Student Scientific Society at ULSIT and books of the reference-encyclopaedic series Torchbearers in the е-libraries of SSS at ULSIT.Scientific experts and reviewers of these information resources are scholars from 4 continents and 23 countries of the world: Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, France, Germany, Georgia, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkiye, UK, Ukraine, USA, Vatican.The introduction of the forum is the Academic interaction HOMO LUCIS (Man of the light) – St. Ivan Rilski Wonder-worker: Three brothers and the golden apple (sript and direction of prof. Alexandra Kumanova and Dr. Nikolay Vasilev). The scientific framework by the established tradition are emblematic events for the Bulgarian spirituality and literature.It is presented also the architectonics of the gathered in the framework of the forum definitions of the phenomenon Wisdom, structured according to the principles of the library bibliography.

Устойчивото развитие като образователно съдържание в академичното обучение по БИН: Опит на катедра „Библиотечни науки“ при УниБИТ

Author(s): Tania Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The report presents the experience of the Library Sciences Department at the University of Library Studies and Information Technologies in including disciplines, topics and learning activities related to sustainable development as a mandatory educational component in the preparation of future professionals.The integration of academic educational content in response to the strategic programs of the European Commission, of the Republic of Bulgaria, of IFLA in fulfillment of the 17 goals for sustainable development of the United Nations in the educational programs offered in the special ties of the Library Sciences Department in the Bachelor’s, Master’s and PhD educational level.ULSIT‘s experience stands out as a good practice and a model for internationalacademic cooperation.

COBISS systemasan instrument in making libraries more accessible and attractive to users and more sustainable

Author(s): Davor Bračko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

EODOPEN, потребителите в светлината на прожекторите

Author(s): Rita Radó / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Модел на прилагане на изкуствен интелект (ИИ) в обществените библиотеки в България

Author(s): Radka Kalcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

In recent years, various types of intelligent assistants (also called chatbots) have become very popular as artificial intelligence tools capable of answering a specific range of questions. Libraries constantly redesign and digitize many of theirs ervices, and it is not rare to find an AI talking to users instead of a librarian.The author suggests a chatbot implementation model at the library’s work. The application of AI in library services is still unknown to the Bulgarian library community.AI popularity stems from the perceived value they bring in the form of a similar service to the customer, expressed in 24/7 service, always responsive and polite “employee”, providing always competent opinion, etc. In 2019 The “Pencho Slaveykov” Public Library, Varna is the first in Bulgaria which has already developed and implemented the intelligent chatbot Ellieas a service on its site.

Устойчиво развитие в условия на перманентни промени

Author(s): Evgeniya Rusinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The topic of the relationship between sustainable development and libraries is not new. It, without the concept of sustainability being formulated with this term, has been present in the activity of Bulgarian libraries since the middle of the 20th century. Its current importance is in the context of the overall, dynamic and rapid changes in the sphere of politics, economics, information technology and public interests that have occurred since the last decade of the 20th century. It also reflects the guidelines for future development set internationally, within the European Union and international organizations such as IFLA.Libraries are an essential aspect of the topic of sustainable development. They can be considered as a factor of sustainable development. At the same time arises the question of how to achieve sustainable development of the library itself. The topic is very important because libraries are in the process of learning new technologies, forms of work, approaches to information and audiences. The text presents main highlights on the subject, accentuates the existing challenges and dangers and outlines possible positive solutions.

Театралните досиета от Художествено-творческия архив на АБА-НАТФИЗ като историческа и комуникационна памет

Author(s): Emiliya Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

As a part of the system of specialized collections of the library of National Academy for Theatre and Film Arts “Kr. Sarafov” (NATFA), the Art-creatively archive includes documents that are valuable in nature and extremely diverse in type. Structured by categories, they reflect the seven decades of history and activity of NATFA, as well as individual aspects of Bulgarian theatrical life from its inception to this moment. The main goal of the present work is to investigate and outline the communication side of one of these categories, namely the documents contained in the theater files. At the same time, to defend the thesis that they, together with the entire Art-creatively archive of the academic library, are a reminder and testimony of the communication that once took place and the communication situations realized within our institution, in which the participants are NATFA, the bulgarian theater community and the theater network of the country.

Представяне на библиотеките в медийното и интернет пространство. Формиране на библиотечна информационна среда

Author(s): Radoslav Spasov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

In the modern global age, the promotion of libraries is made possible by the media and the Internet. This is necesary because of the increasing communication through social networks, as well as the transition to online services, caused by the epidemic of COVID-19. For the preparation of any media product, preliminary research in libraries, where books and rooms can be found, from which the necessary information can be obtained, is important. Thus, in the intensifying digital communication, libraries do not only have the function of storing books, but increasingly develop as places where conditions are created for the realization of various products.