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THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MILITARY POWER IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION

Author(s): DIACONU FLORIN / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

A few decades ago, John Naisbitt was openly listing a new major trend, already visible at that very moment on the international arena: the complex realities in the Pacific Ocean area were already massively important, and their global relevance grew larger and larger. Nowadays, this megatrend is even more important, leading both various political actors (leaders, states, political parties) and various analysts to an obvious conclusion: the Indo-Pacific region is the new center of the global system. In such a situation, the study explores, with some relevant details, the way in which the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic impacted the armed forces (military power) of some of the most important states in the Indo-Pacific region (mainly the US, China, India and Russia, but also some regional great powers – Japan, South Korea, Australia, and other regionally significant powers – Vietnam, the Philippines, Pakistan, Indonesia, and Taiwan, among others).

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FIGHTING POLYCEPHALIC THREATS – THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT IN TIMES OF PANDEMICS AND INFODEMICS

Author(s): MARIN George-Sorin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The expression “the world is facing a crisis” almost became a cliché these days. During the global response to fight the COVID-19 crisis, a developing kind of threat gained new valences and the capacity to spread almost instantly, due to the characteristics of the information Age we live in. The over-abundance of information generated a new challenge for humanity and affected the process of finding reliable, trustworthy sources of information during the pandemic. Propaganda, false narratives and disinformation inhibit governmental processes aimed to overcome the crisis. Strategic decisions have to take into consideration multiple risks and factors in order to prevent both infections and intoxications. Therefore, the security environment has the complex mission to manage a sanitary crisis that endangers the health of populations all over the world in a new type of confrontation – a campaign against polychephalic threats.

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THE COMMON EUROPEAN SECURITY UNDER THE CORONA VIRUS PANDEMIC MASK

Author(s): Bogdan-Cezar CHIOSEAUA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

A safer Europe in a better world” were the words that one could hear in December 2003 at the General Council of the European Union, when the “European Security Strategy" was adopted. It represented a historic moment in which clear targets were set for ensuring security, common threats were identified and principles were promoted in order to give the European Union the status of regional and global “anchor of stability”.Five years later, at the presentation of the first report regarding the strategy implementation, the heads of state and government reached a common conclusion, that the world is in a continuous, accelerated and varied change, and ensuring security in such environment becomes a challenge, a desideratum for which all member countries must contribute. Today, the world is neither better nor safer. An unexpected blow, the Coronavirus pandemic has been applied to the political, economic and military interests that are shaking the foundations of the “European Union Pantheon”, and its effects are felt in all countries, regardless of their level of development or contribution to the European Union budget.

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POSSIBLE WAY OF COMMUNICATION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS

Author(s): RÁCZKEVY-DEÁK Gabriella / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Nowadays, the frustration and fear caused by COVID-19 leads to aggressive manifestations in all areas. Perhaps even more common in healthcare institutions. However, often not only the fear of this virus, but inadequate communication from healthcare workers leads to aggressive actions. Patients respond in a variety of ways to a sudden change in health or functioning. While some of them are open and grateful for care, others may express strong emotions. Some emotions expressed by patients are more difficult for health care personal to deal with. Common difficult interactions include patient expressions of emotions such as anger, anxiety, and depression, as responses to crises. These emotions could cause violent actions in healthcare institutions. The paper presents communication methods and strategies used in health care and looks for answers such as why verbal and non-verbal communication mistakes can cause physical, and verbal aggression or conflict. It examines which communication method is more useful in dealing with conflict situations occurring in patient-doctor, nurse-patient interactions in health care. The article recommends types of communication. It highlights the importance of empathy since without it the conflict cannot be solved or it can only temporarily. The article also emphasizes that it would therefore be important to train staff in appropriate communication trainings as well as to practice these lessons in situational exercises.

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VIEWS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CURRENT PANDEMIC CRISIS

Author(s): TĂNASE Tiberiu,Ovidiu Boureanu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper we have focused on the major challenge of the 21st century, namely the COVID-19 viral pandemic. We aimed to analyze the vast problem from several angles using resources from media, international and local organizations, global reflection centers, think tanks and others. Our aim was to search on the subject and evidence the role played by the international organizations in the fight against the pandemic COVID-19. We also evaluate the situation and challenges in the field of public health that influences national security, affecting the citizens state of health, nations and national states. After a period of 100 years of free pandemic, our world is in uncharted teritories as the new virus COVID 19 become an omnipresent element of grave concern.

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POTENTIAL NEW SOURCES OF POWER IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS. CASE STUDY: COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND HEALTH RESOURCES

Author(s): Alexandra SARCINSCHI / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper argues that there is a potential new source of power, especially of hard power, that is specific to contemporary security environment characterized by the threat of COVID-19 pandemic. The starting premise is that the health system resources are a potential new source of hard power for a state actor to promote its foreign policy based on inducements or rewards. In terms of J. S. Nye Jr., health system resources might be used as a bribe or promise not for military or economic assistance (as specific to hard power), but for medical/humanitarian assistance. Therefore, the paper starts with a brief theoretical overview of the power concept and sources of power and continues with an analysis of the way in which a pandemic affects the international politics, especially the COVID-19 one.

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COVID-19: PROPAGANDA AND THE FEAR-FACTOR IN THE INTERNATIONAL AGENDA – A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

Author(s): Urushadze Maia / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

At the start of 2019, when humanity was not yet sharply facing the threat of COVID, the security paradigm showed a tendency to change. In particular, in recent years, as far back as the beginning of last year, the attention of security experts has been focused on qualitatively new challenges. It is natural that COVID-19 pandemic has already changed the safety requirements of the world. Societies have changed in each country, in particular human relations, culture, and rules. The domestic and foreign policies of the states, border regulations, and the specifics of transportation have also changed. Besides, the most important social factor can be considered that a new struggle of interpretations has been activated in the media agenda. The worldwide international media agenda observation reveals that there are a lot of conspiracy theories have been developed around the pandemic virus, which strengthens mainstream ideological narratives through the fear factor. They have appealed to the fears in two conflicting directions and developed relevant interpretations in societies globally, within states. In this power struggle of interpretations, it is seen that the pandemic has imposed new responsibilities on the ruling elites, but also gives visible advantages to all local authorities. In particular, it is in their hands that the powerful, fear-backed levers of management are accumulated, with the help of which it is possible to strengthen the power. In the article is given the case of author’s personal experience.

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COVID-19 CRISIS – FRAGILE BALANCING BETWEEN CONTAINMENT MEASURES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Author(s): Cristian Băhnăreanu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic, the worst health crisis in the last 50 years, has disturbed the society and the economy through a series of negative effects to the people health and economic growth. Measures to prevent and combat the spread of the virus taken by most countries in the world in March-April have led, particularly in the second quarter of this year, to a generalized decline in economic activity. In this context, the paper analyzes whether the national authorities in the affected countries have managed to find a proper balance between measures to protect the health of citizens and those to ensure the smooth running of the economy.

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CURRENT TRENDS IN MILITARY LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT

Author(s): MITROI Cosmin-Florinel / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the current security environment, the trend for national security logistics will be, in our opinion, a logistics focused on supporting the needs of the armed forces and will have the mission to provide the security system forces with the necessary civilian and military personnel, equipment, means of subsistence and essential support, at the requested destination, at the required time and in the requested quantity, during the operations designed to take place. The forces of the national military system will have to develop a logistics system in an integrated network of unitary action. The expected transformation will not take place immediately but will require essential changes, in stages, of the current logistics system, which will allow the forces of the national military system to train its personnel and modernize, but especially to be more rapidly deployable, highly maneuverable, sustainable and efficient.

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ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH NEXUS AS ENABLER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY

Author(s): GHIȚĂ Luminița / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Based on the recent evolutions of international trends, environment and health issues are more than ever interlinked with security and sustainable development. The considerations of international community comprise many debates, initiatives and processes that are key drivers to bring together environment and health in the context of security and sustainable development. I present in the paper the regional process on Environment and Health under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the international negotiations on adopting a resolution on Environment and Health during the Third Session of the United Nations Environment Assembly, the main sensitivities and the interlinkages with sustainable development agenda and security.

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CURRENTS OF THOUGHT REGARDING THE STUDY OF SECURITY

Author(s): ANDRADA ILIE / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Over time, there have been several theories of knowledge that have generated individual definitions of security. This paper presents a brief overview of the main such views on security. The first theory mentioned is positivism which implies an objective approach, based on natural scientific methods in which concepts such as: balance of power, number of military forces and interaction between states are used. Beginning with constructivism, the paper focuses on postmodernism, as it is a concept built around the idea that the world is a product of social interactions. This theory has led to the idea of building security in the contemporary international political process, starting from "security" and "security threats". The paper recalls the Copenhagen School highlighted through the number and scope found for the term "security".

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WOMEN IN THE MILITARY PROFESSION – A BOOK WITH WHITE PAGES?

Author(s): Marina STĂNESCU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Security is difficult to achieve and, while navigating the seas churned and high stakes situations, our military has to be more than just a sum of highly trained men and women, they have to be effective leaders with skills that exceed military sphere, able to act in an adequate and proportional manner. This article presents women’s participation, work and contribution to the Armed Forces development during the second half of the 20th century in Romania. Women and men in this period did not have the same political rights, did not share the same social roles, and could not access the same professional path. Despite facing challenging circumstances, women have assumed active roles and slowly became an integral part of the Armed Forces, showing extraordinary determination and skills. In this article, I will explore the main aspects concerning the social, legal, and political conditions affecting women’s life and profession.

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REGIONAL SECURITY IN THE BLACK SEA – SOLUTIONS FOR THE FUTURE: THE SECURITY, STRATEGIES AND FORCES BALANCE

Author(s): Mihai PANAIT,Ion ROCEANU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The post-pandemic period of COVID-19, in addition to profoundly changing international relations (especially globalization), brought a new perspective on the relationship among the concepts of regionalization, regionalization of security, new strategies and doctrines (to support them in the conditions of changing the level of operation imposed by COVID-19) as well as the type of new military equipment that will be found in the multi-annual procurement plans. The nature of the threats acquires a new nuance with the appearance of this pandemic and soon puts in front of the politico-military decision-makers, new reference points that will bring to the level of these days the fundamental documents (strategies, planning directives, procurement programs) that will support budgetary planning for the coming decades, research and innovation (to develop new platforms, sensors, and weapons with a small number of combatants), and new aspects of diminishing international and regional cooperation in favor of unilateral action. From now on, the new dimensions of the defense budget will have to contain other elements adapted to the COVID-19 fight.

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THE MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE EPIDEMIC DISEASES INDUCED BY BIOLOGICAL ATTACK WITH CONTAGIOUS AGENTS

Author(s): Viorel ORDEANU,Lucia Ionescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The current security context illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic shows us that we have vulnerabilities, that there are threats and that there will be risks, including biological ones. In the field of BIO defense, it is almost impossible to experiment at the general level. This can only be done on time in the laboratory, in vitro, in vivo and possibly in silico. The calculation methodology for the effects of possible attack with contagious biological warfare agents has certain assumptions and limitations. Considering that the population is homogeneous it results that the isolated groups, to which the infection it does not spread, will show an overestimation. Possible individual variations, particular diseases and asymptomatic cases are not taken into account so either an underestimation or an overestimation occurs. In the mathematical modeling of the epidemic diseases induced by biological attack with contagious agents can use the SEIRP model: Susceptible, Exposed and Infected, Infectious, Removed and Prophylaxis Efficacious Model. The study is important for medical operational planning.

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ESTIMATION OF PROBABLE HEALTH LOSSES IN BIOLOGICAL ATTACK WITH NON-CONTAGIOUS AGENTS BY, MATHEMATICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

Author(s): Viorel ORDEANU,Lucia Ionescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the case of attack with CBRN Weapons of Mass Destruction, the use of biological warfare agents is likely to amplify the effect on the living force, in order to infect, lethal or nonlethal, as many enemy as possible. The military medical service must be able to prevent, diagnose, treat and recover all affected military and the civilian population in the area. Healthlosses must be recovered in their entirety. Mathematical modeling of the epidemic induced by biological attack is useful for planning the forces and means of the military medical service, for medical planning the offensive or defensive operation, logistics and human resources needed for medical support and replacement. The estimates resulting from the calculations according to the formulas recommended in the specific NATO documents allow the optimization of the medical and non-medical countermeasures for the liquidation of theconsequences of the biological attack.

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COMBATING PANDEMICS AND SOCIAL INTERACTION ERRORS – MOVIES VERSUS REALITY

Author(s): DRĂGOIANU Ioana-Flavia / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

One of the major security threats Humankind was confronted with, along several millennia, was coping with deadly viruses. In such a situation, different means of protection of the population have been ensured – medical discoveries, vaccines, and social interaction obstructions. As the creativity of man knows no bounds, different scenarios have emerged regarding combating disease whilst many scientists have designed layouts of coping with deadly viruses, using different models of infections. The goal of this paper is to analyze some of these models, through the lens of Security Studies and Political Science. Then, the discussion will shift towards social interactions and manipulating the social network. Furthermore, we will apply this model on a few selected movies, critically comparing them to the reality we are facing today. Thereby, the focus shall shift towards four well known movies: Contagion (2011), Outbreak (1995), Quarantine (2008), It comes at Night (2017) and their approach to containing and curing viruses, while also quenching the impeding chaos of dismay.

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TERROR ATTACKS AGAINST AFRICAN HEALTH FACILITIES

Author(s): János Besenyő / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article is about the attacks on health facilities including hospitals, medical staff and security inside the healthcare institutions. The author first goes on to present a short introduction about the general knowledge concerning the situation of the terrorist assaults on the hospitals and the medical staff. He divides the text into several chapters, which try to comprehend the most important sides of the attacks on healthcare institutions. First, he starts with armed assaults on hospitals and health workers, where he describes the dangers the terrorists pose against the institutions and the personnel in them. Then he goes on to talk about the attacks by radicalized medical staff against their own personnel and patients, which presents a serious problem for the security officers. He continues with attacks by explosions, hostage-taking and cyber attacks on medical facilities. At the end, the author concludes the article by giving some advises for the international community how to resolve these problems.

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ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE, TOOL FOR OPTIMIZING THE MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION IN ELECTRONIC FORMAT

Author(s): Lucian Scirtocea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The development of the IT & C field produces changes in the way of organizing and functioning of all civilian organizations as well as for those in the military field. The way of managing information in electronic format is a concern of specialists in both military and civilian fields in terms of optimizing the process of managing information in electronic format due to the large volume of files and documents currently operated.

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FROM FAKE NEWS TO REAL NEWS WITH A TWIST: DISINFORMATION AND COVID-19 NARRATIVES

Author(s): Iulia Anghel / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Given the major shift in perception, communication and identity triggered by the pandemic over the last two years, the use of digital tools to guide patterns of association, mobilization and action seems more powerful than ever. Although Fake News has been making headlines since the early days of globalization, its later developments revealed interesting conjectures on topics such as the rise of non-state hegemons, the ascent of digital diasporas, deterritorialization, or post-politics. In this context, the distances between fake news and reality tend to be blurred by the intervention of interpretive bias, while the role of public’s beliefs, latent iconography and power mythology becomes more critical. Following this argument, the paper looks at some of the emerging trends in fake news and master narratives in digital media, also tackling the implications triggered by their potential use in the context of hybrid confrontation.

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WHY VALUES MATTER IN THE GLOBAL STRUGGLE FOR POWER. KEY IMPLICATIONS FOR EURO-ATLANTIC SECURITY

Author(s): Cristina Bogzeanu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

International environment becomes increasingly competitive and conflict prone. The present paper argues that political values subsumed to liberal democracy are an important component of the current global struggle for power and its purpose is to emphasize and argue the major importance of value-based cohesion for Euro-Atlantic actors, as well as the main challenges in this respect. In order to do so, the analysis is framed within the theories of power transition and security community as, together, they reflect both the manner in which values can act as a motivation for conflict and their function as a bond making the members of a security community able to pursue their interest in a conflicting international environment.

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