We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

Sustainable Mountain Tourism in the Alps: The “Mountaineering Villages” Concept, a Local Model for Sustainable Mountain Tourism in the Alps

Author(s): Thomas Dax,Oliver Tamme / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Alpine range is one of the best-known regions of relentless tourism growth. While it attracted outstanding numbers of tourists through both, summer and winter season, main destination areas are distributed very unevenly across the different parts of the mountain area. This led to a significant concentration of tourism intensity in some regions and even local “hot-spots” with a rising concern for negative effects on environmental performance. Alpine stakeholder groups (CIPRA) therefore advocated very early to address the issues of “overtourism” in this sensitive mountain context and succeeded in convincing politicians to agree on the Alpine Convention (1991), a policy agreement concerned with a whole set of sustainable development issues, including sustainable tourism pathways. Against the persisting mainstream of large-scale mountain tourism in large parts of the Western Alps, but also in Western Austria, few actions towards sustainable mountain tourism were elaborated. Since 2008 small communities have elaborated the concept of “Mountaineering Villages”, first as an initiative of the Austrian Alpine Club within the framework of the Alpine Convention’s activities. It seeks to promote low-intensity tourism strategies in high mountain areas, benefitting from unique mountaineering options. Due to its close interrelation with landscape development and land use, linkages to agriculture and local development of agritourism activities are an important element in these local initiatives. Aspects of enabling nature “experience” and emotional encounters with natural resources and mountain assets are considered instrumental for the attraction and success of the alternative tourism scheme. Spreading from a number of committed communities, at present 22 villages in Austria and increasingly also mountain communities in Italy, Switzerland, Slovenia and Germany are engaged in this concept. At present (May 2022) the association of the Mountaineering Villages extends to 36 municipalities. The paper will analyze how this small niche activity of mountain tourism achieves to address the specific assets of mountains, linking outdoor activities such as climbing, hiking, and nature exploration with landscape development, preservation of nature protection areas and adapted land management. It appears crucial that this link of agricultural activities, agritourism and other forms of rural and mountain tourism shape a specific profile of small-scale communities. Local strategies oriented at sustainable mountain development concepts are assessed as pivotal to provide targeted and ecologically-beneficial approaches of mountain tourism. These might serve as insightful models against growth-dependent large-scale tourism stereotypes

More...

Download

Investigation of Studies on Romanian Rural Tourism with Bibliometric Analysis

Author(s): Aslı Sultan EREN,Kubra Gundogdu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Rural tourism, which emerged when people struggling with stress in crowded city life went to rural areas in line with their desire to discover themselves, to be intertwined with nature and to return to their essence, offers the local people employment opportunities in many different areas. In addition, doing many activities increases the touristic attraction of rural tourism. It has been frequently preferred by people in recent years. Based on the importance of rural tourism, this study aims to examine the studies on Romanian rural tourism with the bibliometric analysis method. It allows to examine the characteristics of the studies such as method, technique and density. This analysis provides an opportunity to predict what the current situation of rural tourism studies is and how it will be shaped in the future. This situation reveals that the study will make an important contribution to the literature. 47 articles written in English were used as data in the study.

More...

Download

Divergențe jurisprudențiale în materia formularului digital de intrare în țară, ca mijloc de prevenire a expunerii persoanelor la Covid-19

Author(s): Andrei-Radu Dincă,Ioana-Anamaria Filote-Iovu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In the present study, the authors aim to highlight the successive legislative changes implemented in domestic law in the context of the introduction of the digital entry form, in order to combat the effects of Covid-19 pandemic. The authors also present the differences in judicial practice in the application of specific legislation, aimed at determining the territorial jurisdiction to resolve cases having as object a contraventional complaint, by reference to successive amendments to the law, on the the relevant moment for establishing the competence and the legal consequences resulting from these legislative changes. Finally, the authors aim to offer some solutions arising from the analysis of the identified jurisprudential problems.

More...

Download

Conceptual Analysis of Recreational Activities in Rural Tourism: A Study in Sinop Province

Author(s): Buse Kekec,Defne Egirmen,Duygu Ayaz,Gul Erkol Bayram / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Sinop Province has a very convenient structure in terms of the use and development of rural tourism activities. The city, which home to different bird species, lakes, waterfalls, nature park, plateaus and many other natural beauties in the region, is also rich in cultural and historical terms. The aim of the study is to examine and develop rural tourism recreational activities in the province of Sinop. The study aims to increase the demand for rural tourism, to ensure the development of rural facilities, and to evaluate the infrastructure and superstructure by examining the recreational activities carried out within the scope of rural tourism in the province of Sinop from a conceptual perspective. The research is important in terms of supporting the socio-cultural and economic development of the people of the region, strengthening the relationship with the tourist, contributing to the development of the region. It is important in terms of contributing to the development of the region, its sustainability and the correct use of productive natural areas that can be brought into tourism.

More...

Download

Cost-Oriented Management of Agritourism Social Infrastructure in Ukraine

Author(s): Yulia Manachynska,Svitlana Luchyk,Olena Moshkovska,Volodymyr I. YEVDOSHCHAK / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the current conditions of declining tourism activity due to the coronavirus pandemic, Ukraine agritourism needs an appropriate level of investment support from real and potential investors. An effective form of development of agritourism is its development as one of the types of subsidiary production of agricultural enterprises. That is, the agricultural enterprise must be socially responsible and develop infrastructure for tourism. The purpose of the study is to implement N-dimensional model of cost-oriented management based on actuarial accounting at domestic agricultural enterprises in rural areas, the content of which will provide investors with an objective assessment of their value through the prism of actuarial reporting. The object of the study is the process of cost-oriented management of rural agribusiness based on the Actuarial Balance Sheet. The research methodology is based on the application of the 3D-recording method, discounted valuation and 5D-actuarial reporting in displaying information from the actuarial accounting system. Inventions and conclusions. The results of the study showed that agricultural enterprises need to attract investment not only in the development of agricultural production, but also in the development of infrastructure for tourism which could attract tourists and prolong their stay in rural areas. The innovation and value of the results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed N-dimensional model for cost-oriented management of agritourism social infrastructure on the grounds of accounting and information base of N-dimensional actuarial reporting.

More...

Download

Modificării ale legislației muncii determinate de criza sanitară din ultimii doi ani

Author(s): Dan Ţop,Ana Maria Alexandra Iancu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Legislative changes in the last two years, largely due to the pandemic that has swept society as a whole, have also affected the classic development of labor relations. Law no. 55/2020 on some measures to prevent and combat the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, in section 3 (art. 16 - 31) established a series of measures to adequately protect labor relations. Measures were needed to protect the workplace even after the end of the state of emergency, in order to avoid the precarious state of the employees generated by the post-pandemic problems. All the changes that labor legislation has undergone have taken into account the highest possible protection of employees by establishing a new workplace culture in terms of interrelationships and health protection.

More...

Download

Criza sanitară - un exercițiu impus de flexibilizare a raporturilor de muncă. Observații critice și propuneri de lege ferenda pe marginea Legii nr. 81/2018 privind reglementarea activității de telemuncă

Author(s): Corina Mihaela Marcu-Şiman / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The present study aims to analyse, from legal perspective, the impact of technological development on working relationships. The benefit of teleworking has been unequivocally proven during the COVID-19 pandemic. The legal pre-existing frame represented by Law no. 81/2018 regarding teleworking has proven its practical utility, but also its limitations and vulnerable points, which claims for immediate improvement. Therefor, this study includes both criticism and de Lege ferenda propositions concerning Law no. 81/2018.

More...

Download

Branding as a Part of Tourist Destination Development

Author(s): Brankica TODOROVIĆ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Destination branding is of special importance to the development of tourism in accordance with the requirements of tourist demand. The brand builds loyalty and reduces the risk associated with the intangibility of tourism products. In addition to the growth of tourist demand, the number of protected areas within which tourism is developing in accordance with the prescribed protection system is also increasing. The objectives of the analysis in the paper are: importance of tourist destinations and protected areas as brands; opportunities for tourism development in protected areas; and elements of branding in the tourist region of Western Serbia.

More...

Download

Considerații privind implementarea unor instrumente și soluții digitale în vederea îmbunătățirii funcționării sistemului judiciar

Author(s): Claudiu Ramon Butculescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

For the last two years, the entire world has been under the ban imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic. These prohibitions have materialized in the social environment through numerous restrictions, which have produced effects both in the legal systems, taken as a whole, and in the judicial systems themselves. Due to the need to continue judicial proceedings, different and varied solutions have been envisioned and used in most legal systems. As the Covid-19 Pandemic has ended, of course, it is necessary to analyze the extent to which the solutions implemented during this period are still valid or useful. This paper aims to analyze the possibility of implementing permanent digital tools to improve the functioning of the judiciary. A first premise considered in the drafting of this paper is related to the need to ensure the fastest possible access to the information of a file in the judicial circuit, while the second premise concerns the possibility of conducting legal proceedings by means of distance communication, including in civil trials, which would undoubtedly lead to a significant reduction in legal costs. At the end of the paper, a few conclusions are presented regarding the possible use of digital instruments and solutions on a permanent basis, not only during the period of restrictions imposed because of the onset of pandemics.

More...

Download

Main Characteristics of the Accommodation Facilities in Rural Areas: The Case Study of Bulgarian North-West Region

Author(s): Desislava Varadzhakova,Stefan Genchev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Tourism sector is very important for the Bulgarian economy. Before the pandemic of COVID-19 it generates between 10% and 12% of the country’s GDP. The present paper discusses the specifics of the tourism business in the rural areas. For the purpose of the study the research object are the accommodation facilities in these areas. The North-West Region of Bulgaria is chosen as a researched area because it is the least economically developed area in the country. There are 46 rural areas, evenly distributed in the five provinces of the region. The main types of accommodation, their characteristics, their territorial location compared to major urban centers and their relationship with the number of tourist attractions in the researched areas are identified. The main goal of the paper is to explore the potential for development of tourism in rural areas, based on a study of the accommodation facilities in the rural areas in the North-West Region of Bulgaria. The research includes an analysis of the disparities between the different rural areas, the possible reasons for them, as well as the opportunities for tourism development. The conclusions that have been made can become the basis for the development of tourism products and regional strategies for the development of specialized and alternative types of tourism.

More...

Download

Conținutul normei juridice în contextul crizei Covid. Ordonanța – Hotărâri – Ordine de ministru

Author(s): Ion Flămînzeanu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

As evidenced by the Covid-19 pandemic, the crises are becoming more complex and do not stop at the borders. The EU and its Member States have already set up cross-border cooperation and solidarity mechanisms to effectively manage crises and protect people. The EU's response to crises needs to evolve, as other acute crises can occur that could be multidimensional or hybrid, have cascading effects or occur simultaneously.

More...

Download

Restrângerea exercițiului unor drepturi și libertăți în timpul crizei sanitare. Consecințe actuale

Author(s): Marius Andreescu,Andra Nicoleta Puran / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The provisions of Article 53 of the Constitution allow the restriction of the exercise of fundamental rights and freedoms, but only conditionally. The rules established by these regulations have the value of a constitutional principle, because they are applicable to all the fundamental rights and freedoms of the citizens. The Constitutional Court and the courts are the main state institutions that have the competence to guarantee the observance of the exercise of fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens, to verify the conformity of normative acts with the Fundamental Law and to the constitutionality of limits, conditions and restrictions of exercise of rights. power of the Parliament and the Government when adopting restrictive measures. During the health crisis, the government restricted the exercise of essential fundamental rights, which severely affect people's private and social lives. In this study we analyze, based on the jurisprudence of the Romanian Constitutional Court, some international courts and some courts, the legitimacy and constitutionality of these restrictive measures as well as their current impact.

More...

Download

Drepturile fundamentale ale cetățeanului și criza sanitară globală

Author(s): Iosif Friedmann-Nicolescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The global health crisis has led to major changes in fundamental human rights, which have become secondary. The "medical dictatorship" was imposed, which prevails in the human society affected by the SARSCOV pandemic - 2. The impact of the "medical dictatorship" on the fundamental rights of citizens is a new challenge in global society. Fundamental human rights are subordinated to the medical and sanitary rigors

More...

Download

Protecția drepturilor fundamentale în Uniunea Europeană în timpul crizei sanitare generate de Covid-19

Author(s): Daniel - Mihail Şandru / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Fundamental rights in the European Union, including Romania, are a sensitive point in the action of the European organization, its leaders and the representatives of the Member States during a period of crisis, which has not yet ended. The European Union guarantees the highest level of respect for human rights by establishing the Charter of Fundamental Rights, a document with legal force of Treaties, yet limited in its scope. The study aims to substantiate the possibilities for interpretation and application of specific human rights rules in the European Union, by referring to the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union which adds to the document and other sources, such as general principles of Union law or the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. This multitude of institutions, agencies and offices as well as sources related to the protection of fundamental rights raises the issue of their observance in a borderline situation, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Although the crisis has not ended at this time, the most important moments seem to have taken place: the imposition of traffic restrictions - on people and goods -, the purchase of medical equipment or the financing of vaccine discovery research and their purchase. The study examines the legal implications of the health crisis by sampling them, starting from the observance of its own rules by the Union institutions, in particular regarding the decision-making transparency of the European Commission, regulation by documents without binding legal force (soft law), especially by recommendations issued by the Commission European or measures taken to restore the free movement of persons.

More...

Download

Dinamica măsurilor provizorii ale Curții Europene a Drepturilor Omului în perioada crizei sanitare 2020-2022

Author(s): Alina Gentimir / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The paper focuses on the scope of the interim measures requested by persons under the jurisdiction of Council of Europe member states during a health crisis. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights shows three types of requests for interim measures. Given the large number of complaints concerning the violation of Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights relating to conditions of detention and ineffective measures to prevent the spread of Covid virus, many of the provisional measures concerned the same positive obligation of the State as the corresponding fund. Article 3, but also that of Article 5 of the European Convention. The second category of interim measures concerned variants of violation of Articles 8 and 9 of the European Convention, requiring action on compulsory vaccination schemes for certain categories of civil servants. Last but not least, the use of green certificates has been a concern for those who have decided to apply to the Strasbourg court for interim measures. The prudent position of the European Court of Human Rights was in line with the dynamics of restrictive measures imposed in the context of the health crisis at both international and national level. The balance between justified restrictions on the protection of collective interests and the failure to ensure the effective functioning of the essential systems of states and civil society in the medium and long term must be the mainstay of the main European and national human rights mechanisms.

More...

Download

Necesitatea optimizării confidențialității și protecției datelor cu caracter personal prelucrate de către asociațiile de proprietari în contextul efectelor pandemice

Author(s): Marius Catalin Mitrea / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The COVID-19 pandemic represents the cause that has determined in the contemporary society more changes of mentalities, mechanisms, paradigms, customs, legal norms. By penetrating almost all domains, in a measure directly proportional to the degree of international interconnectivity and social flow, the influence of the pandemic ultimately led either to the cessation of ongoing activities or to their optimization by digitization, both having as purpose the limitation of the viral spread. Of course, digitization can be the solution, but all the changes listed at the beginning of the exposure cannot be made in a uniform and coordinated way, nor with the same degree of progress and success. Left in the external sphere of decision-makers 'concerns regarding digitalization, the owners' associations coexist, based on Law 196/2018, a new law, in the old spirit. A law that does not provide the possibility of organizing General Assemblies in a secure hybrid system, which does not explicitly provide for the exercise of the agreements of the owners in electronic format, thus remained the "classic" custom of expression, door to door, based on a table in physical format. A law that does not provide for the possibility of electronic information of the owners regarding the convocations of the General Assemblies (but only based on a convening table or by physical mail, by registered letter), and which does not regulate the way of ensuring confidentiality and data protection in specific activities (correspondence, nominal agreement tables, maintenance lists, processing log, video surveillance, etc.). In this scientific approach, we will identify the practical needs of the owners' associations in 2022 and we will formulate proposals for legislative changes to ensure both the achievement of optimal operational capabilities, implementable even in crisis situations, and optimizing the confidentiality of data protection processed in current activities, by virtue of their assets necessary for the proper functioning.

More...

Download

Drepturi și libertăți în criza sanitară. Dreptul la liberă exprimare. Fenomenul fake news

Author(s): Versavia Brutaru / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The citizen, in a democratic state, has assumed duties and freedoms guaranteed by the state, equal for all citizens. The two notions are not in the same plan and do not have the same content. Human rights are a minimum of prerogatives necessary for human self-determination, while public rights and freedoms are prerogatives that ensure the security of the individual and his protection, they being his true claims on society. A human activity is legally free, to a greater or lesser extent, in a hierarchical system: there are, however, totally forbidden acts (crime, violence, destruction, etc.); there are acts or actions permitted under certain conditions, for example, obtaining an authorization from the competent authorities; and there are acts / actions allowed, free, but in compliance with state laws. Therefore, some of them may be banned altogether, and this may be legitimate depending on the purpose pursued - for example, to uphold the rights, freedoms or dignity of others. Public freedoms are not absolute. Everyone's freedom must respect the other's, and any form of freedom is limited by a legal system (even in states with liberal regimes).

More...

Download

Evoluția traficului și consumului ilicit de droguri în perioada pandemiei

Author(s): Nicoleta-Elena Hegheș / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is unique and cannot be compared to other crises in recent years. The Covid-19 pandemic has not succeeded in reducing drug trafficking in our country. As always, traffickers resorted to new methods to distribute their wares. Drug users also changed their behavior. Therefore, the pandemic restrictions did not significantly change the drug market in Romania, nor the consumption habits of drug users or drug addicts.

More...

Download

Efectele crizei sanitare la nivelul sistemului penitenciar românesc

Author(s): Aura Preda / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

This paper is a continuation of a similar paper presented at the same scientific event last year, but with new and updated information. As a result of the health crisis, specialized authorities have been taken measures concerning the execution of sentences and educational measures depriving of liberty, respectively at the level of the Romanian penitentiary system. The information was obtained by accessing the websites of some penitentiary units, but also by conducting online interviews with various representatives appointed by several units within our penitentiary system. Additionally, I have also integrated answers received from the National Administration of Penitentiaries, following an official address sent in this regard.

More...

Download

Amenințări asimetrice în criză pandemică. Radicalizarea și extremismul

Author(s): Viorel Gheorghe / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

It is more and more pragmatic the fact that, in the near future, both explanations and the form of the concept of national security will have to adapt to the model of responding to the need to guarantee the enforcement of law, the rule of law and social security, especially the part concerning the normative architecture with regard to the asymmetric and hybrid parts of the future concepts of risk and threat that society will have to accept and face. The challenges to which the world has been subjected for the last two years are raising a red flag, emphasizing the need for a change of view but also for a closer coollaboration between institutinos, at the level of the defense system, public order and national security, able to react effectively to the wide range of dangers, including the Covid-19 pandemic. The last two years of pandemic have impacted the whole world, so that both the law, through the existing systems, and the various concepts of national security, have reacted to this form of social imbalance. The article tries to capture the impact of the pandemic, the reactions related to the behavior and attitude of the individual, from the perspective of extremist-terrorist beliefs, with an impact on the processes generating criminal activities, in the interaction between the groups and individual entities in the society. Equally, the text will aim to highlight the social impact, of a complex and diffuse nature, as well as the evolution recorded at the level of the phenomena of radicalization and extremism, together with the influences on society, in the short and medium term.

More...