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Виникнення прав та обов'язків у піклувальника по відношенню до неповнолітніх осіб та осіб, обмежених у цивільній дієздатності (відповідно до ЦК України)

Виникнення прав та обов'язків у піклувальника по відношенню до неповнолітніх осіб та осіб, обмежених у цивільній дієздатності (відповідно до ЦК України)

Author(s): Viktoria Nadion / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 130/2015

Problem setting. In accordance with the Civil Code of Ukraine guardianship and trusteeship are established to provide personal non-property and property rights and interests of minors, and adult persons who for health reasons can not independently exercise their rights and responsibilities (article 55 of the Civil Code). The main difference between guardianship and trusteeship is in the volume of civillaw responsibilities which the law imposes on Trustees and Guardians, based on the volume capacity and the health status of their wards. Thus, the trustee is appointed over the minor and persons wichare incapasitated individual, the trustee, the guardian is appointed over minors and individuals that have limited civil capacity. The Civil Code of Ukraine pays considerabl attention to the guardian's responsibilities, which include: 1) to care for a ward, about his education, training and development, to create the necessary living conditions; 2) to provide that minors and persons limited civil capacity of care and treatment; 3) to provide the necessary conditions for obtaining a General secondary education; 4) to take measures to protect civil rights and interests; 5) once a year to carry out a full medical examination; 6) to determine the place of residence of the ward person. To the rights of the Guardian in the legislation: 1) to demand in court the return of his child under his guardianship from any person who illegally hold on to it; 2) live together with the ward and can be registered on a residential square, the latter for the period of their responsibilities execution; 3) to manage the assets of the ward; 5) may be voluntarily released from fulfillment of the assumed obligations

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Around the Bloc: Kosovars Sentenced for Terrorism Activities
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Around the Bloc: Kosovars Sentenced for Terrorism Activities

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 05/31/2016

A group of seven men received sentences totaling 42 years for recruiting for the Islamic State or fighting on its behalf in Syria.

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Around the Bloc: Rights Group Slams Russian ‘Coming Out’ Bill

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 11/10/2015

Proposed anti-gay legislation comes ahead of singer Elton John’s planned meeting with Vladimir Putin over gay rights.

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Around the Bloc: Russia’s Supreme Court to Hear Ukrainian Filmmaker’s Appeal
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Around the Bloc: Russia’s Supreme Court to Hear Ukrainian Filmmaker’s Appeal

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 12/01/2015

Lawyer for Crimea native Oleg Sentsov, jailed for 20 years on terrorism charges, hopes for reduced sentence.

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Użycie znaku towarowego w domenie internetowej jako naruszenie prawa ochronnego na znak towarowy.

Użycie znaku towarowego w domenie internetowej jako naruszenie prawa ochronnego na znak towarowy.

Author(s): Jarosław R. Antoniuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2015

The Gloss is partly a critical analysis of the decision of the Supreme Court of December 11, 2013 (IV CSK 191/13), in which the Court decided that using a trademark in the Internet domain by the third person is an act of infringement of this trademark protection right if it causes the risk of misleading concerning the origin of the goods (services) or it leads to an infringement of the advertising function of the trademark (Article 296.1.2 of the Industrial Property Law Act of 30 June 2003). The author indicates that acknowledgement of infringement of the protection right depends on identifying commercially exploited web pages by the Internet domain where the trademark was used. Moreover, the author shows that the assessment of the similarity of combination marks being the prerequisite for the acknowledgement of the infringement, due to the character of using the mark in the Internet domain, must disregard graphic components of combination marks.

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Wartości klasy średniej a prawo. Uwagi metodologiczne

Wartości klasy średniej a prawo. Uwagi metodologiczne

Author(s): Cyryl Jan Cyberski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The article shows the basic methodological instruments of sociological analysis of law. The main emphasis is placed on research methodology of axiology characteristic for the middle class. The problem of values disclosed in the legislation and their sources is presented in the article. There are illustrated two research methods KAD and DIMEAN with their characteristics and origins.

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LIMITS OF INTERVENTION IN FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS DURING THE OFFENCES INVESTIGATION IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC

LIMITS OF INTERVENTION IN FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS DURING THE OFFENCES INVESTIGATION IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Author(s): Sona Kosiciarova,Michal Maslen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Authors pay their attention to the constitutional aspects of the police investigation regarding to the rights guaranteed by Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (right to protection from degrading treatment, right to liberty and right to to respect for private life). They analyze the judgment of the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic on the violation of these rights of private individuals.

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Around the Bloc: Uzbek Senate Vote in Favor of Amnesty for Constitution Day
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Around the Bloc: Uzbek Senate Vote in Favor of Amnesty for Constitution Day

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 10/18/2016

The acting president’s pardon proposal might be intended as a popularity boost ahead of presidential elections in December.

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Around the Bloc: Teenage Suicides and Social Media in Russia
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Around the Bloc: Teenage Suicides and Social Media in Russia

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 11/22/2016

The arrest of a man for inciting suicide on VKontakte comes a day after the last hours of two Russian teens documented on social media.

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The Birth and Youth of the Modern Hungarian Private Law

Author(s): György Képes / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

1848 was a turning point in Hungary in all senses of legal development. It is not only the emblematic year of beginning of the constitutional monarchy based on separation of powers, popular sovereignty, governmental responsibility and civil liberties 1848 was a turning point in Hungary in all senses of legal development. It is not only the emblematic year of beginning of the constitutional monarchy based on separation of powers, popular sovereignty, governmental responsibility and civil liberties, but in general, 1848 can be considered as the start year of modern Hungary. From the point of view of private law, the abolition of seigneurial relationship between landlords and peasants and the abrogation of traditional legal institutions of property and inheritance law hindering the free disposition on goods has to be mentioned. After the fall of the 1848 revolution, the introduction of the Austrian civil law also catalysed the process of modernisation, and finally, after 1861, the modern Hungarian private law was born, without the adoption of a civil code, strongly based on the jurisdiction of the courts.

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Angielskie ekwiwalenty terminów „pełnomocnictwo rodzajowe” oraz „pełnomocnictwo szczególne”

Angielskie ekwiwalenty terminów „pełnomocnictwo rodzajowe” oraz „pełnomocnictwo szczególne”

Author(s): Anna Kizińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2016

This paper constitutes an attempt to assess English equivalents of the Polish terms “pełnomocnictwo rodzajowe” and “pełnomocnictwo szczególne” suggested in four most popular bilingual specialist dictionaries. The English equivalents discussed include: “special proxy”, “special authority” and “special power”. In order to conduct a thorough assessment of the suggested equivalents, the definitions of the Polish terms and their English equivalents presented in English monolingual legal dictionaries have been analysed. Moreover, the study aims to verify whether or not the suggested equivalents occur in the texts of the British sources of law. Finally, translation techniques applied while forming English equivalents under discussion are identified.

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МЕЖДУНАРОДНА КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТ НА ТУРСКИТЕ СЪДИЛИЩА ПО ДЕЛА ЗА НАСТОЙНИЧЕСТВО И ПОПЕЧИТЕЛСТВО НАД ДЕТЕТО СЪГЛАСНО ТУРСКОТО МЕЖДУНАРОДНО ПРОЦЕСУАЛНО ПРАВО

МЕЖДУНАРОДНА КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТ НА ТУРСКИТЕ СЪДИЛИЩА ПО ДЕЛА ЗА НАСТОЙНИЧЕСТВО И ПОПЕЧИТЕЛСТВО НАД ДЕТЕТО СЪГЛАСНО ТУРСКОТО МЕЖДУНАРОДНО ПРОЦЕСУАЛНО ПРАВО

Author(s): Emine Ilyaz / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The concept of international jurisdiction refers to the jurisdiction of the courts of one country over the courts of another country in a case with an international element. In other words, international jurisdiction is a body of rules arising from the jurisdiction of a given state to administer justice, whereby „each state is free to regulate the manner of exercising its jurisdiction over legal disputes with an international element and the consequences of jurisdiction exercised by another state on its territory“.

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МЕЖДУНАРОДНИ КОНВЕНЦИИ ОТНОСНО НАСТОЙНИЧЕСТВО И ПОПЕЧИТИЛСТВО НАД ДЕТЕТО В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОТО ЧАСТНО ПРАВО

МЕЖДУНАРОДНИ КОНВЕНЦИИ ОТНОСНО НАСТОЙНИЧЕСТВО И ПОПЕЧИТИЛСТВО НАД ДЕТЕТО В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОТО ЧАСТНО ПРАВО

Author(s): Emine Ilyaz / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The importance of child guardianship and custody (CGС) in private international law stems primarily from the principle of the best interests of the child. The international community has introduced international conventions regulating the rights of the child and CGС in this scope. Turkey is a party to most of these international conventions that contain child protection provisions.

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ЕДИН ИЗКЛЮЧИТЕЛЕН ЗАКОН. ЗАКОНЪТ ЗА ИЗТРЕБЛЕНИЕ НА РАЗБОЙНИЧЕСТВОТО ОТ 1887 Г.

ЕДИН ИЗКЛЮЧИТЕЛЕН ЗАКОН. ЗАКОНЪТ ЗА ИЗТРЕБЛЕНИЕ НА РАЗБОЙНИЧЕСТВОТО ОТ 1887 Г.

Author(s): Ivelina Koseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Less than a decade after the adoption of the Tarnovo Constitution, unable to cope with the rampant crime in the Principality, the government of Stefan Stambolov passed the Law on the Extermination of Robbery in the Fifth Ordinary National Assembly. This law entered into force on December 24, 1887 and repealed the „Temporary Measures for the Cessation of Robbery” adopted on September 29, 1883. By virtue of Art 1 of the Act, „special losses” were created, the task of which was not the capture, but the direct „extermination” of robbers. Some authors define this law as „monstrous” because it was unconstitutional, anti – social and anarchic, and according to others, the special jurisdiction for „robbers” and „political criminals” provided for in it gave it „sinister political appearance…”.

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ОБЖАЛВАНЕ НА РЕШЕНИЕТО НА РАЙОННИЯ СЪД В ПРОИЗВОДСТВОТО ПО ИЗДАВАНЕ НА ЗАПОВЕД ЗА ЗАЩИТА ОТ ДОМАШНО НАСИЛИЕ

ОБЖАЛВАНЕ НА РЕШЕНИЕТО НА РАЙОННИЯ СЪД В ПРОИЗВОДСТВОТО ПО ИЗДАВАНЕ НА ЗАПОВЕД ЗА ЗАЩИТА ОТ ДОМАШНО НАСИЛИЕ

Author(s): Petar Topurov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The publication contains a critical analysis of the amendments to the Protection against Domestic Violence Act (PADVA) about the appeal of the decisions of the regional court in the proceedings for the issuance of a domestic violence protection order. In the exposition, a distinction is made between the rules of the general claim procedure, the special claim procedures, and the proceedings under the Protection against Domestic Violence Act, which provides for the announcement of the court decision in an open session, the possibility of specifying a day on which it will be announced in the register of the judicial acts, as well as the different start of the appeal period. In conclusion, it is proposed to drop the rule of Art. 15, para. 7, ex. 2 PADVA and restoration of the previous version of Art. 17, para. 1 PADVA.

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ОСНОВАНИЯ ЗА ОБЯВЯВАНЕ НА ИЗВЪНРЕДНО ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ СПОРЕД БЪЛГАРСКОТО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛСТВО

ОСНОВАНИЯ ЗА ОБЯВЯВАНЕ НА ИЗВЪНРЕДНО ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ СПОРЕД БЪЛГАРСКОТО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛСТВО

Author(s): Ivelina Koseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

This article examines the grounds for declaring a „state of emergency” on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, provided for in the Bulgarian Constitution and the normative acts to which it refers. In the presentation, an attempt is made to distinguish the different grounds for declaring a state of emergency under the current Bulgarian legislation, and finally some shortcomings of the current legal framework are identified, which can be easily overcome by legislative means.

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Jurisprudență Fiscală Istorică A CurțIi de Justiție a Uniunii Europene Cauza 7/68, Comisia c. Italia
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Jurisprudență Fiscală Istorică A CurțIi de Justiție a Uniunii Europene Cauza 7/68, Comisia c. Italia

Author(s): Laura Lazăr / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5/2024

The Commission c. Italy case‑law is a landmark decision of the Court of Justice of the European Communities, addressing the compatibility of a progressive tax on the export of cultural goods with the rules of the common market. Italy imposed this tax to protect its national cultural heritage, arguing that it fell under the exceptions provided by Article 36 of the EEC Treaty (now Article 36 TFEU). However, the Court ruled that the tax violated Article 16 of the EEC Treaty (now Article 30 TFEU) as it constituted a measure with an effect equivalent to a customs duty, discouraging exports and increasing the price of goods. The Court emphasized that exceptions under Article 36 must meet strict criteria: they must pursue a legitimate objective, be proportional, and not impose unnecessary barriers to trade. Italy failed to demonstrate that the tax was the least restrictive means of achieving its cultural protection goals. Instead, the tax created a commercial obstacle and indirectly favoured the domestic market. The judgment reinforced the prohibition of discriminatory measures and clarified the limits of permissible trade restrictions under EU law.

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From Bureaucracy to Black Box: Revolutionizing Natural Justice and Due Process in Administrative Law

Author(s): Junaid Sattar Butt / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Natural justice, rooted in English common law, embodies fairness in procedural justice and is foundational to Administrative law (Aslam, 2020). The growing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (Rosenberg, 2023) in administrative decision-making raises serious concerns about upholding fundamental legal principles like Natural Justice, derived from the Latin word “jus natural,” and is not codified, it is closely tied to common law (Mirani, 2022) and Due Process of law, first appeared as a substitute for Magna Carta’s “the law of the land” in a 1354 (Library of Congress, 2014) statute of King Edward III .Often described as “black boxes,” AI systems lack transparency, creating risks for fairness and accountability in decisions may impacting individuals’ rights. This study explores how AI-powered administrative systems can be designed to uphold these principles, ensuring just outcomes and legal transparency. The research critically examines the intersection of AI technology and administrative law, focusing on the opacity of AI’s decision-making processes. The goal is to identify strategies that ensure AI systems in administrative contexts not only align with Natural Justice (right to fair hearings and impartiality) and Due Process (right to a fair procedure) but also maintain public trust in the legal system. Using a qualitative research approach, the study employs doctrinal legal analysis and case studies to review AI frameworks in areas such as departmental inquiries and appeal in departmental inquiries. The analysis compares AI implementations across various jurisdictions, identifying gaps in transparency and accountability. Key findings indicate that without explainability, oversight, and human intervention, AI systems may breach legal principles. The study suggests solutions like Explainable AI (XAI), human-in-the-loop systems, and robust accountability frameworks to align AI with legal safeguards. While AI offers efficiency in administrative decision-making, adherence to fairness and justice principles is critical. The research supports a balanced approach where AI complements, rather than replaces, human decision-making, preserving Natural Justice and Due Process in an automated legal landscape.

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PRAVNI STATUS DRŽAVNIH SLUŽBENIKA I ZAPOSLENIKA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI U DOMENU NJIHOVE ODGOVORNOST I OCJENJIVANJA

PRAVNI STATUS DRŽAVNIH SLUŽBENIKA I ZAPOSLENIKA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI U DOMENU NJIHOVE ODGOVORNOST I OCJENJIVANJA

Author(s): Branka Kolar Mijatović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2017

According to the resulting changes, and in terms of preparation for the accession process of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the EU, there were changes of a large number of legal regulations in different areas of social life, as well as in the field of employment relations. These changes have led to changes within the framework of defining the categories of labour relations as well as the rights, obligations and responsibilities arising from the employment or labour relations. Changes within the framework of a number of legal norms in the field of labour law in Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter BiH) as part of other changes as well as through the adoption of a small number of laws at the state level, a larger number on the level of the two entities and Brcko District, have established new rules. A large number of laws and regulations have created a problem in defining the basic principles of labour law which is why employees at various levels in BiH have difficulty in protecting and exercising their rights regarding labour relations. Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina does not regulate domain of work and its legal frames. Constitutions of the Republic of Srpska, the Federation of BiH and the Brcko District define and prescribe the basic norms in the field of labour law, and in this way they provide the framework for the legal regulation of this matter. The labour legislation of both entities in Brcko District of BiH and the Labour Law of BiH does not contain complete provisions in order to provide a more complete protection of employees and their basic human rights in the part of disciplinary procedures and responsibilities. It is left to address these issues by-laws. According to labour legislation in BiH, the employees in the execution of labour tasks can undergo: disciplinary measures, material, civil and criminal procedures. When it comes to government officials in both entities, Brcko District and at the state level, their employment status is regulated by the Law on Civil Service in the Institution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as a series of bylaws. This paper is an analysis of aspects of the existing normative framework in the field of disciplinary procedures and responsibilities of employees in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Over time, the need for the systematization of extensive materials in the field of labour relations, labour law, in general, and the topic of the paper is to draw attention to the need for harmonization of laws in this area. Even though, there are a number of works regarding the broader field of this topic, in preparing this work it was observed that there is a lack of case law on these matters due to the fact that the aforementioned laws have been relatively applied for a short period of time, and there are decisions to be taken at several levels (state and entity). Practically all of them have not specifically dealt with disciplinary liability of the employees, which is why the companies / enterprises have edited these questions using general bylaws. Furthermore, the Civil Service Act, when it comes to civil servants, this matter is not fully defined, and the regulations of this area is further developed. This paper is a contribution to a better understanding of the complexity of labour relations in the area of responsibility of civil servants and employees in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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NASTANAK REPUBLIKE SRPSKE I NJEN USTAV

NASTANAK REPUBLIKE SRPSKE I NJEN USTAV

Author(s): Dragan Golijanin,JELENA GOLIJAN / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 12/2016

Serbian Republic was created by the will of the Serbian people, after the breakup of Yugoslavia, and after the first multiparty elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Constitution (then) Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been established an independent state, and are set next to the authorities and other elements of the state. From inception to the Dayton Peace Agreement, the Republic Serbian is functioning at full capacity, and since the Dayton Agreement to a limited capacity. Today it is part of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with its Constitution fully harmonized with the BiH Constitution.

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