Механизм восприятия античного текста средневековым автором (на примере сочинений Макробия и П. Абеляра)

Author(s): Maya Stanislavovna Petrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

The texts of Peter Abelard (1079-1142), usually mentioned among the medieval authors who were influenced by Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius’ “Commentary on the 'Dream of Scipio'” (5th c.), are analyzed. The passages from Peter Abelard’s works (“Dialogus inter philosophum”, “Epitome theologiae christianae”, “Introductio ad theologiam” etc.), which contain quotations, lexical and thematic similarities with Macrobius’ “Commentary on the ‘Dream of Scipio’ ” are under consideration, as well as the mentions of the title of this work or the name of Macrobius. Peter Abelard’s level of knowledge and degree of use of Macrobius’ text are revealed. The influence exerted by Macrobius on Peter Abelard is determined. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that, in contrast to the opinion widespread in science, it hardly makes sense to talk about the tangible influence of Macrobius’ “Commentary on the 'Dream of Scipio'” on Peter Abelard. Rather, it should be assumed that the ideas perceived by the medieval scholar and reflected in his texts went back to Macrobius as well. Under the influence exerted by Macrobius’ “Commentary on the 'Dream of Scipio'” on Peter Abelard one should mean both his knowledge about Macrobius himself and his work and the varying degree of his use of this treatise.

Милковица през погледа на Зоя Микова

Author(s): Rada Slavinska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

Book review

Мираж европейской Сарматии на фоне истории текста и карт «Географии» Птолемея

Author(s): Petr V. Shuvalov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Works of O. A. W. Dilke, A. Diller, P. Schnabel, J. Fischer and others enable the author to conclude that the handmade maps are descendents of Ptolemy's maps. An alternative hypothesis (i. e. that the maps were a later product by the Byzantine scholars who used Ptolemy's text) seems to be not very well grounded.

Мировые империи на средневековых исламских картах

Author(s): Irina Genadijevna Konovalova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Рад је посвећен картографској традицији исламске географије од 9. до 10. века у контексту државних/просторних/владајућих односа о којима се активно расправља у тренутним историјско-географским дискурсима. Главна пажња је посвећена опису светског система царстава, држава и земаља на мапама и у текстовима главних представника тзв. „класичне школе арапске географије“ из 10. века. Са њихове тачке гледишта, царска државност – за разлику од „држава“ и „земаља“ – створена је органском комбинацијом три фактора: религије, културе и моћи. Заправо четири царства која су навели арапски географи – Калифат Абасида, Византијско царство, Кина и Индија – у целини кореспондирају са цивилизацијским областима формираним на основу ислама, хришћанства, конфучијанизма и хиндуизма. Овај систем царстава је хијерархизован: Византија, Индија и Кина су не само стубови светског поретка већ делом и темељ на коме је свет ислама – врх хијерархије – растао. Унутрашњи простор исламског света је такође формирао хијерархију: Иран је симболизовао суштину исламског простора, редукован на калифат Абасида, док су друга два калифата, Фатамиди и шпански Омејади, једноставно искључени. Таква геополитичка структура је била тесно повезана са персијским пореклом оснивача „класичне школе арапске географије“, који су користили ову геополитичку конструкцију да представе своју домовину као центар света. Тако су исламске средњовековне мапе представљале не само уопштене географске информације већ су биле облик политичког дискурса: оне су манифестовале моћ кроз приказивање светског поретка.

Моделовање процеса над топографским подацима

Author(s): Siniša Drobnjak,Radoje Banković,Mirko Borisov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2009

The paper deals the procedures and processes in the modeling of topographic data. There are some fazes and procedures of modeling of topographic data in digital form. It deals in capturing, modeling, distributing and archiving of data. Sometimes many procedures are need for convertion and transformation from one format to other, from one system to other. The procedure of modeling data is a very important way and with computer-aided along with a certain degree of automatizaton that is useful for using and updating of topographic contents.

Монография за Kримската война (1853 – 1856) и българските земи, представени посредством оригинален френски източник от епохата

Author(s): Lubomir Krastev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

Морска храна в диетата на траките от Егейска Тракия

Author(s): Petya Ilieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

The paper presents the still limited evidence on consumption of seafood by the native Thracian population of Aegean Thrace before the establishment of the Greek colonies in the area. Remains of various shellfish (shallow- and deep-water species) from several sites indicate that the local population knew how and where to collect it. The sites where evidence for the consumption of shellfish was found include the LBA – EIA inland settlement at Kastri on Thasos, the late 8th – early 7th c. BC coastal settlement below the later Parian apoikia on Thasos, the LBA – EIA hilltop settlement at Asar tepe, as well as the Samothracian apoikia of Zone (fig. 1). The pre-Greek settlement below the polis of Thasos is the source of a large amount of shellfish remains. However, such were not discovered in the upper strata associated with the Archaic Greek polis. The situation compares to that at Archaic Syracuse where stable isotop analysis of bones from the cemetery at Scala Greca indicates little if any seafood in the diet.

Неизвестен план на Търново от 1857 г.

Author(s): Ivan Rusev,Bernard Lory / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The article presents a newly found city plan of Tarnovo, which was composed in 1857 by the Brittany-born geographer and cartographer Guillaume Lejean. The city plan was found at a Paris bouquiniste in 2018. As it is unsigned, the article offers some arguments supporting its attribution to Lejean. When he visited the old Bulgarian capital in the spring of 1857, he collected data, which he published and used as a basis for drawing the plan. This is the best among the city plans (maps) of Tarnovo to be composed until the late 1870s, both as a work of cartography and in terms of its historical information and artistic value.

НОВАЯ МОСКВА: КОНСТРУИРОВАНИЕ НОВОГО ЛОКАЛЬНОГО ДИСКУРСА

Author(s): I.I. Mitin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The paper presents the possibilities to transform the author’s academic concept of mythogeography & the methods of producing complex geographical descriptions for practical use. The limits & peculiarities of this practical implementation are described on the example of a guidebook of New Moscow, an area that became a part of Moscow city in 2012 & is regarded as an appropriate case to study how a new local discourse is constructed.

Нови данни за поменалните практики в некропола на Аполония

Author(s): Pavlina Devlova,Milena Krumova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

This part of the necropolis of Apollonia Pontica was actively used without interruption from the end of the 5th century BC to the III rd century BC. The space has been planned since its creation in the 5th century BC. The areas studied were most likely used by wealthier families, given the construction of such expensive burial and fencing facilities. For the first time in the necropolis of Apollonia, was discovered and documented a large section of the outer peribolus of the sacral space – the Southern Peribolos. The outer Peribolos was probably built in the 4th century BC. Confirmation of the date is the reused stelae, base and fragments of other similar elements. Since the beginning of the use of the family site, it has designated a special place for commemorative practices. It is certain that the places of burial, funeral and commemoration are different and memory is preserved in time, because there is no case of a broken grave. Numerous discovered preserved whole vessels may have been left behind after the change of sand, and he eventually poured them, helping to preserve them. Honoring deceased relatives is a long-standing practice. Probably the place is ennobled, there are stairs, open spaces that allow people to gather. Wine containers, jars, glasses, food containers allow us to visualize, although partially, the rituals of commemoration. Even though they come from a long way, the tradition is longlived, the remains remain in the necropolis – that is why the bottoms are punctured and missing, the knife left in the amphora. After the 3rd century BC this section has been abandoned and is no longer used – either with the function of a necropolis or for other purposes.

О БИЦИ КОД МИЛВИЈСКОГ МОСТА

Author(s): Nikola Keravica / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2013

This article, based on the written sources from the late antiquity, represents a military historical reconstruction of the battle that took place in the surroundings of Rome on October 28th, 312. Nowadays, this battle is known as the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. The first part of the work consists of Constatine’s and Maxentius’ short biographies, a detailed description of two embattled armies and their strategic activities during the 312 civil war that preceded the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. In addition, précises of more relevant historical sources are quoted which deal with the battle itself and its immediate consequences. Finally, all strategic and tactical activities that took place before and during the battle has been reconsidered. The still open question of the battleground where the battle exactly did take place is especially emphasized.

О начелима транскрипције имена из језика с којима нисмо били у непосредном додиру

Author(s): Mitar Pešikan / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3-4/1976

Основным мерилом при отборе возможных форм иностранных названий икоторые мы заимствуем и при суждении о них должно бють стремление к тому, чтобы они (насколько этого допускают существующие общие закономерности], были йозможно больше приспособлены к нашему языку и возможно гармоничнее включены в него — в смысле уважения языкового наследия и сохранения континуитета, а также в смысле согласованности, с живыми системами. Более конкретно, это означает: без излишнего преобразования и глубоких изменений того, к чему мы уже привыкли и что вошло в нашу языковую традицию; правила должны быть по возможности простыми с тем, чтобы их мог применить как можно более широкий круг филологических сотрудников, а не только узкий круг специалистов; при отборе разных актуальных возможностей необходимо проявить больше заботы о степени согласованности с нашими традиционными правилами и с нашими живыми структурными системами. Это намного важнее стремления к максимальной звуковой вернности, значение которой часто переоценивается даже среди специалиетов. В практике же нашего радио и телевидения эта „верность” превратилась в настоящую вульгаризацию (напр. КАРАМАНЛИС, РЕЗА ПАХЛАВИ, ЖУКОВ). Придерживаясь этого мерила, мы легко придём к единому и согласованному действию, которое явлаяется условием для каких бы то ни было серьёзных успехов в повышении языковой культуры. В качестве первой цели програмы можно было бы взять упорядочение правописания географичееких названий в школьной и учебной картографии, в начале надо ограничиться на отдельные географические области (пока не будет закончена подготовка для остальных регионов); однако нельзя откладывать стандартизацию написания географических названий из славянских языков, а также из арабской языковой области. Если бы был достигнут определённый прогресс п этой программе, тогда можно было бы перейти к упорядочиванию и других типов собственных имён в языке нашей печати, особенно в журналистике.

Обележавања пројектованих граница природног добра Вршачке планине употребом методе RTK GPS/glonass

Author(s): Siniša Delčev,Olivera Vasović,Vukan Ogrizović,Jelena Gučević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2012

The existing topographic and cadastral maps of the former Yugoslav republics are in Gauss-Krüger projection on Bessel ellipsoid. For the collected GPS data to comply with the existing cartographic material, it is necessary to provide the transformation parameters from WGS84 to Bessel ellipsoid and according to the principles of cartographic mapping, to make mappings in the plane of the State Coordinate System (SCS). The aim of this research is to present the surveying activities necessary for the establishment and maintenance of digital cartographic basis, which is shown in the test area of “VRŠAC MOUNTAINS”, a Serbian region with outstanding characteristics. In order to establish a connection between the collected data, it is necessary to primarily calculate the parameters of transformation from WGS84 into the SCS. After the vectorisation of projected boundaries from bases made in the SCS, the transformation of vectorised boundary lines from SCS into the WGS84 is carried out, followed by staking the boundaries. To understand the fundamental differences in the methodology of using GPS receivers, it is important to emphasise that the concept of GPS determination of the coordinates is generally divided into absolute and relative positioning. If the correct procedure of GPS positioning, applied to certain environmental conditions, is not followed, the error up to 200 m could be expected. Conclusions are drawn about the selection of staking methods, related to the applied instruments and specific field conditions. The stakeout procedures are given in accordance with the principles of geodetic positioning. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 043007: Istraživanje klimatskih promena i njihovog uticaja na životnu sredinu: praćenje uticaja, adaptacija i ublažavanje]

Обучение по природни науки чрез мисловни карти

Author(s): V. Stoyanova,P. Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

The educational capabilities of mind maps are presented. Topics on physics and astronomy are discussed with thought cards being included in the process of teaching. The results of this innovative method of education and pedagogical ideas for the development of their creation and implementation are presented.

Оријентација средњовековних српских цркава Моравске школе

Author(s): Gordana Gavrić,Milutin Tadić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2012

In this paper we present the mathematical and topographic analysis of orientation of the most significant churches (11) of Morava school, the last style in architecture of medieval Serbia whose executors were chief architects. The deviation from equinox East of the main axis of each church and the dates when the Sun rises on the physical horizon, in the extension of the main axis, have been calculated. These were the dates when the church could have been oriented towards the rising Sun. This possibility has been ruled out for four churches. As for the other churches, the matching of the mentioned dates with the patron’s days wasn’t established. The churches in monasteries Ljubostinja and Kalenic are oriented with astronomical precision towards equinox East, an admirable fact considering the tools available to the builders. Rade Borovic, the only chief architect who put his signature on his work, was the chief architect of Ljubostinja.

Основне морфометријске карактеристике рељефа Србије

Author(s): Predrag Manojlović,Slavoljub Dragićević,Sanja Mustafić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2004

By using the database that is based on grid system of 1 km2 from Laboratory of physical geography, few quantitative maps have been made. Their researching and analyzing can show global relations on Serbian territory. Their importance overcomes geomorphologic needs, because they could be used for spatial planning, economic needs and environment protection.

Отношения и взаимодействия между Асирия и Новохетските царства в епохата на Ашурназирпал II

Author(s): Zozan Tarhan / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 23/2018

The present paper aims at research of relations between Assyria during the reign of Ashurnasirpal II and three Neo-Hittite kingdoms – Carchemish, Patina and Kummuhu, situated in North-western Syria and neighbouring parts of Turkey. The first part of the study is dedicated to the political events in the relations, marked by the campaigns of the Assyrian ruler in the first half of IX century BCE. The analysis here is based mainly on written sources – Assyrian royal inscriptions, which describe events in terms of campaigns, subjugation and tributes, received from Neo-Hittite kings. The second part of the study is dedicated to the cultural interaction between Assyria and the three kingdoms mentioned above, as result of their subjugation. Here the analysis is based on artifacts, mainly stone slabs with reliefs and some cylinder seals. Some new observations on the chronology of the monuments and their scenes are added, as also some new conclusions on the direction of influence in some artifacts and their elements. The question about the role of Assyria in the process of cultural interaction is especially discussed in the light of new observations. It is concluded, that the cultural interaction in this period is a bilateral process with long-term consequences in the art and politics.

По въпроса за градоустройството на Аполония Понтика в Късноархаичната и Класическата епохи

Author(s): Pavlina Devlova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 24/2019

Apollonia Pontica is the earliest Greek apoikia on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The Greek city was founded at the end of the 7th century BC and gradually acquired the appearance of a classical, well-developed city centre with monumental public buildings, fortress walls, organised residential neighborhoods, necropolis and suburban territories. As a result of the surveys over the past 25 years, new data have been gathered on the urban planning, public works, citizens’ lives, and the symbiosis between the Thracian tribes: Skirmians and the Ionian colonists. Survey results show that since the very beginning, the settlers occupied the St. Cyricus Island and the Skamni Peninsula. They created and developed a pre-planned city, where continuity and long-term use of public and residential buildings is observed. For the first time in 2017, the complete structure was fully explored since the earliest period of the city: the first years of settling of the colonists. A dwelling dug into the rock from the end of the 6th to the beginning of the 5th century BC was discovered. The related archaeological materials reveal a great variety and luxury in the life of the citizens. By examining the city’s pre-planning, the continuity in the location of neighborhoods, buildings and street network, and the conservatism of the society of that time, a hypothesis was proposed for the commercial part of the city, where some of the most important public buildings had existed. Unknown to research until 2017 is the fortified fortress found on the territory of Apollonia Pontica and located in the land of the village of Ravadinovo at approximately 6 km from the coastline. The explorations initiated discovered sections of a wall of considerable size (with preserved height of 1.80 m and thickness from 1.60 m to 2.20 m). A massive building (citadel) was discovered in the protected area. Based on the analysis of the archaeological finds at this stage of the study, the site is placed in the chronological framework of the most powerful period of the colony development (mid-5th century BC – second half of the 4th century BC).

Погребения на конници в Тракия*

Author(s): Rumyana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 19/2011

The earliest bridles and horses in Thracian burial context appeared first in the lands to the north of the Balkan Range (7th–6th century BC) and became widely popular to the south no sooner than the 4th century BC. The animals were buried close to the deceased individual or were inhumated/cremated together with him. They accompanied the dead, being mediators between the worlds of the dead and the living because of their role in the economy, war, hunt, as well as being symbols of power and rank of the dead. The social rank of the buried horsemen is hypothetical. Some of them accumulated both military and secular power, and they can be defined as representatives of a military tribal aristocracy. Another part of the buried men probably belonged to a stratum from which the closest surroundings of the ruler were chosen. The hypothesis that the riders buried in the Thracian rich graves and monumental tombs from the 4th century BC onward were kings could only be held for some of them. In their vast majority they were probably aristocrats or warriors who had accumulated significant wealth during different military missions in and outside Thrace. Possibly, emphasis on the warrior nature of men in burial practice was related to their belonging to military tribal nobility, to their military and hunting activities, as well as to ideas about their afterlife.

Положајна тачност географских информација и савремени стандарди за њено оцењивање

Author(s): Mirko Borisov,Branko Božić,Stevan Radojčić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2011

Positional accuracy is important quantity element of quality of geographical information in digital as well as in analoguos form. This paper points to importance and necessity of evaluation of positional accuracy in recent conditions, describes two modern standards for positional accuracy evaluation and shows the results of its implementation on raster topographic map at scale 1:50.000 made by Military Geographical Institute.