An Overview on Space Time Cube Visualization in GIS

An Overview on Space Time Cube Visualization in GIS

Author(s): Ana Cornelia Badea,Gheorghe Badea / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2018

Over the last years, the STC (Space Time Cube) visualization method has been analyzed in many scientific papers in the literature. The term STC cames from cartography, meaning a geographical representation where time is treated as the third dimension.This model was introduced by the Swedish geographer Hägerstrand at the end of the sixties. When datasets involve more than one dimension in addition to time are difficult to visualize. In a geovisualization environment, maps as digital representations are used to emphasize visual thinking about geospatial patterns, relationships, trends. Currently, GIS technology offers dedicated tools that lead to interesting viewing results using this method, the cube and its contents being automatically created from a database. We reviewed some functions on temporal data, used to view geospatial data sets in different ways. Also in the case study, an earthquake dataset was used, which was represented using the STC method, but also in the form of a temporal slider application.

Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci ve Promethee Tabanlı Kampüs İçi Erişim Lokasyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi’nde Bir Uygulama

Author(s): Muhammet Enes Akpınar,Kamil Koçak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 02/2021

The location selection problem has been considered in many different areas in recent years and is, therefore, one of the most popular decision-making problems. These problems are among the types of problems that can be solved with the most appropriate multi-criteria decision-making methods since many criteria must be taken into account. In this study, an alternative site selection study has been adhered to for the bicycle stations in Manisa Celal Bayar University Sehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Campus. The primary goal was to determine the most suitable new alternative places according to the student density due to the insufficient current situation of bike-sharing stations. In order to determine this alternative, four different points with intensity zones were considered as criteria. However, four alternative stations were determined and different multi-criteria decision-making methods were combined with a geographic information system (GIS). An analytical hierarchy process was applied to obtain the criterion weights and alternative stations were sorted by the PROMETHEE method. Finally, as a result of the calculated data, the most suitable alternative station was decided.

Analiza digitală a reprezentării cartografice a orașului Sebeș din 1769

Author(s): Andrei Nacu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2019

In the first decades following the annexation of Transylvania to the Habsburg dominions, the Austrian military engineers produced a series of topographic plans representing the Saxon cities of Brașov, Sibiu, Mediaș, Bistrița and Sighișoara. In the case of Sebeș, the smallest urban center of the Transylvanian Saxons, the first cartographic depiction was only completed in 1769, during a general survey of the seat [administrative subdivision] of Mühlbach/Sebeș. This limited survey preceded the mapping of the entire Grand Principality of Transylvania (First Habsburg Military Survey), which took place between 1769 and 1773. The article presents the analysis of the 1769 cartographic representation of Sebeș using the open-source software Quantum GIS 3.4. After a scanned copy of the map was georeferenced and digitized, the investigation proceeded with a comprehensive description of the historical topography of Sebeș. We examined the roads, the hydrographic network, the inner city with its Medieval and Early Modern fortifications, the churches and cemeteries, the suburbs, the vineyards, gardens and orchards, as well as the mills and dams on the Sebeș river.

Analiza dostępności przestrzennej za pomocą technologii GIS na przykładzie obiekt ów użyteczności publicznej w Toruniu

Author(s): Jan Burdziej / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Dostępność przestrzenna określa łatwość, z jaką można dotrzeć z miejsca A do miejsca B. W kontekście obiektów użyteczności publicznej w mieście, wpływa ona na możliwość skorzystania z określonych dóbr i usług przez mieszkańców danego obszaru. Lepsza dostępność oznacza krótsze dojazdy, niższe koszty, a tym samym ma istotny wpływ na jakość życia. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza zróżnicowania przestrzennego dostępności do wybranych usług na obszarze miejskim, na przykładzie Torunia. W pracy zaprezentowana została procedura badawcza, bazująca na wykorzystaniu otwartych danych z serwisu Open Street Map, a także analiz sieciowych i technologii GIS do obliczenia dostępności czasowej. Zaprezentowano metodykę polegającą na analizie dostępności w siatce sześciokątnych pól testowych, dzięki czemu możliwe było ukazanie przestrzennego zróżnicowania czasów dojazdu do określonych usług. Metodyka ta została wykorzystana do oceny dostępności przestrzennej do 16 kategorii obiektów użyteczności publicznej w Toruniu.

Analiza rozmieszczenia i funkcjonowania sta cji pa sażerskich i dworców kolejowych w Polsce

Author(s): Tadeusz Bocheński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The aim of the study was to analyse the operation of passenger railway stations and station buildings in Poland, aswell as the changes that occurred in connection with investments in infrastructure. The studies covered active passenger andrailway stations as listed in the train timetable 2016/2017 and included comparison to the timetable 2009/2010. Two researchquestions were asked: about the layout of passenger stations and active railway stations in Poland and about the impactof investments in railway infrastructure carried out in the years 2010-2016 on the number of passenger stations and on thecondition of railway stations.In 2017 there were 2497 active passenger stations, located in 2063 localities. An average density of passenger stations inPoland was 0.80 station per 100 km2 and 0.65 station per 10,000 residents. At 622 passenger stations there were active stationbuildings, i.e. open for travellers. On many station buildings the scope of service for travellers was limited to a waiting room.As a result of investments carried out in the years 2010-2016, about 100 railway stations were modernised and several morewere renovated. Moreover, about 50 new passenger stations were built. During that time, several processes were taking placesimultaneously: closing passenger stations, reducing their operation to weekend or seasonal traffic, and opening new andpreviously closed passenger stations.

Analiza warunków glebowych w planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym na obszarach wiejskich

Author(s): Anna Bielska,Adrianna Kupidura,Radosław Rogoziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

This study covered the area of four different communes (pol. gmina) in Mazowieckie voivodship (pol. województwo): Boguty, Cegłów, Dębe Wielkie and Zaręby Kościelne. The analysis concerned data on soil conditions, their scope, detail and usefulness for the purposes of drafting local studies of conditions and directions of spatial planning and of local development plans. The criteria which determine the scope and detail of soil conditions data in the studies of conditions and directions of spatial planning and in local development plans were established. With respect to the scope, it was assumed that the required minimum for the purposes of proper terrain management are the following: the type of land use, valuation class, type, soil type and grade, as well as the agricultural suitability complex. With respect to the detail, it was established that soil condition data should be applied in studies with an accuracy that corresponds to a scale of 1:25,000 and in local development plans to a scale of 1:5 000.

Analiza zmian pokrycia terenu wokół autostrad za pomocą metod GIS

Author(s): Łukasz Lechowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

This article aims to develop a method of acquiring land cover changes data on the basis of high resolution orthophotography derived from Polish cartographic resources. The assessment of information sources was also examined in terms of its utility in such analysis. Simultaneously, using selected example, it was outlined, how the surrounding the A2 motorway area in the Stryków community had changed between the years 1996 and 2009. Some methods and tools applied in geoprocessing and spatial analyses were also presented. Many scientific publications describe data acquiring methods based on aerial photography and ortophotomaps that can be used in land cover and land use analyses. These methods may be divided into manual (visual), semi-automatic and automatic interpretation methods (e.g. raster, hybrid, object methods). In this survey the manual interpretation method was applied due to the input data accessibility e.g. ortophotomaps that were made only in the visible light spectrum with different tone colors and contrasts for each year (1996, 2004, 2009). This research involved following steps: (1) projecting of geodatabase structure, (2) visual interpretation of ortophotomaps in order to create land cover maps for 1996, 2004 and 2009, (3) delimitation of land cover changes, (4) survey results analysis with kernel density tool in order to present the density and direction of land cover changes in the neighbourhood of A2 motorway. The research indicated the straight majority of area surveyed in the years 1997–2009, was covered by gramineous vegetation and crops. However, the percentage of this class was decreasing systematically during those years. There was also remarkable increase for industrial and built-up areas. In the neighbourhood of A2 motorway in Stryków community, the growth of woodlands, wooded and shrubs area class was also noticed. For the building A2 motorway purposes there were created new gravel-pits and excavations of sand nearby the road. That is why for the area surveyed the percentage of greenfields was larger in 2009 than in 1996.

Analysis of Land Cover Changes Using Sentinel-1 Data. Case Study- Galati County, Romania

Analysis of Land Cover Changes Using Sentinel-1 Data. Case Study- Galati County, Romania

Author(s): Nicoleta Violeta Iurist,Florian Stătescu,Cazarina Georgiana Bartic,Valeria Ersilia Oniga / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2017

The study of land cover changes is very important to have proper planning and utilization of natural resources and their management. The aim of this paper is to classify the study area, for two different time periods and to analyses the change detection using free-of-charge Sentinel-1 data. For this case study, dual-polarization (VV+VH) Interferometric Wide swath mode (IW) data collected on August 16th 2017 and October 11st 2017, over South-Est of Romania, were used. Pre-processing and processing were conducted using ESA Sentinel-1 toolbox (S1TBX) in the Sentinel Application Platform provided by ESA. Data have been calibrated, terrain corrected, and classified using supervised classification. The training and test data have been collected from Sentinel- 2 images.

Analysis of polycentricity of the South-East Region of Romania

Author(s): Sorin Daniel Manole,Antonio Valentin Tache / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Although its content is not clear enough, "polycentricity" has become, since the 1990s, an important concept that was at the core of discussions on territorial and economic development of Europe. This paper includes the presentation of a methodology for estimating the polycentricity degree of regions. Thus, first the functional urban areas must be identified; these are the basic elements in the analysis of polycentricity. Next, the three dimensions of polycentricity are assessed, i.e. size, location and connectivity, based on indicators. By aggregating the size index, location index and connectivity index, the polycentricity index is obtained. Finally, the methodology presented is used to assess the polycentricity of South-East Region of Romania. A comparison of the four indices of the South-East Region with the corresponding indices of ESPON Space shows significant differences favoring either of them.

Analysis of the relationships between the spatial arrangement of palaeovalleys and contemporary valleys of Central Poland in the light of GIS methods

Author(s): Aleksander Szmidt / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2016

W artykule przedstawiono przykład zastosowania wybranych metod GIS w celu wykazania związków pomiędzy przebiegiem dolin kopalnych oraz współczesnych na obszarze Polski Środkowej. Analizowany obszar w warunkach lądowych kształtowany był już w paleogenie i neogenie, natomiast największy wpływ na obecną rzeźbę powierzchni odcisnęły procesy morfogenetyczne w czwartorzędzie. W opracowaniach paleogeograficznych dla analizowanego obszaru często wskazuje się na możliwe zależności pomiędzy wykształceniem rzeźby współczesnej a jej podłożem, w szczególności zaś sieci dolinnej. W celu weryfikacji tej hipotezy, na podstawie archiwalnych materiałów kartograficznych oraz Cyfrowego Modelu Wysokościowego rzeźby współczesnej, zaproponowano schemat przeprowadzenia analizy z wykorzystaniem zestawu ogólnodostępnych narzędzi GIS. Z wyników przeprowadzonej analizy można stwierdzić, że główne doli- ny rzeczne Polski Środkowej w dużej części nawiązują swoim przebiegiem do kopalnej sieci dolinnej, gdzie związki te najlepiej są widoczne w przypadku dolin największych.

Analyzing the Sprawl of Built-up Areas Using Landsat Data and the Normalized Difference Built-up Index

Analyzing the Sprawl of Built-up Areas Using Landsat Data and the Normalized Difference Built-up Index

Author(s): Iosif Vorovencii / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2020

The sprawl of built-up areas is one of the most important anthropic changes which lead to the development of cities. This study analyses the sprawl of built-up areas around the city of Brașov, Romania, on the basis of two Landsat satellite images acquired in 1985 and 2019. The analysis was based on satellite images obtained through the difference between the NDBI and NDVI indices calculated for each satellite image. The results show that in the period 1985–2019 built-up areas around Brașov and its surroundings increased considerably (24.6%). Furthermore, it was noted that, although the reflectance of built-up areas varies very little from one season to the next, it can be influenced indirectly by the presence in the studied area of agricultural land and barren land whose reflectance is seasonal. This phenomenon led to confusion among built-up, agricultural land and barren land in mapping built-up areas.

Annexes

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Antono Wiedo Maskvos valstybės žemėlapio leidimai ir jų kontekstas

Author(s): Vidas Poškus / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2(39)/2005

The paper deals with the occurrence cartography of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) of the 16th century, represented by the map of Moscow State (Russia) compiled by Anthony Wied in 1542, in Vilnius and its publications in 1555 and 1570, which have been hardly studied in Lithuanian art research. Attempt is made to define Mannerism features characteristic of the artistic design of the maps. The main intentions of these creations are discussed. The appearance of the maps was induced by economic and military reasons. The maps are shown to have fulfilled propagandist functions. Russia was introduced to European readers as a wild and crude country.

Aplikování etnokartografické metody v kontextu české etnologie

Author(s): Daniel Drápala,Roman Malach / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2016

Ethnocartography is an umbrella term for a number of methods applied in ethnology for the spatial representation of a selected folk culture phenomenon. Historically, the application of ethnocartographic methods can be divided into three stages: pre-ethnocartography (1700s to early 1800s), early ethnocartography (early 1800s to 1930s) and scientific cartography. One of the fundamental issues in ethnocartography shared across all these periods is the nature of the data historical data which are overwhelmingly unbalanced in favor of some phenomena to the point of ignoring others, as well as the intrinsic inseparability of data on folk culture from their geographical, historical, chronological and socio-economic context. While this continues to be a major challenge, we believe these limitations can be overcome using the latest in digital technology, especially the geographic information systems (GIS), and this papers discusses the application of such technologies in the context of Czech ethnology.

APPLICATION OF LASER SCANNING TECHNOLOGY IN CREATION OF 3D CITY MODELS

Author(s): Stevan Milovanov,Igor Ruskovski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Laser scanning technology is considered to be a fairly new active remote sensing technology and it finds its application in various fields. The data acquired trough terrestrial or aerial laser scanning is beneficial in representation of three-dimensional space. Huge dataset allows detailed modeling of single objects or even whole cities. The data can be stored in 3D database and displayed trough many applications.

APPLICATION OF STRUCTURAL-GRAPHICAL AND GIS-MODELING IN CARTOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

Author(s): Tatiana Dudun,Svitlana Titova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Structural-graphic modeling is considered: concept, connections, classification and application in cartographic research. The principles of modeling in cartography (the possibility of using maps using common epistemological categories; the use of general scientific methods of modeling and rational forms and variants of contacts with other types of modeling; the etymology of the term indicates the place of cartographic modeling as a means of research in the general system of cognition). The functions of structural-graphical modeling are defined. Functions of structural and graphical modeling are determined, and they are investigated, which allow: to carry out selection of existing maps necessary for research; identify elements of systems that have not yet been mapped; determine the topic of maps and their placement within the complex cartographic works; use maps of other elements of the system when creating a series of maps of each specific element; ensure that the maps of this element are those of other elements; change the complex maps and their groups; determine the main columns of tables for collecting information in relational or electronic databases; identify sections of map legends; present legends in the form of graphical link models of lower-ranking system elements.

Application of UAV Technology (Drones) in Forest Cadastre

Application of UAV Technology (Drones) in Forest Cadastre

Author(s): Valeriu Seinic / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2019

In the 21st century, technologies are not on the spot, as in all areas in cadastral activity, classical equipment is substituted by computer technologies equipped with different types of sensors that simplify the acquisition of field data and obtain Maps and cadastral plans.This article reflects the advantages of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in forest cadastral surveying. The advantage of UAV systems lies in their high flexibility and efficiency in capturing the surface of an area from a low flight altitude. In addition, further information such as orthoimages, elevation models and 3D objects can easily be gained from UAV images. The benefits of using UAVs in forest cadastral surveying and the new opportunities they offer for cadastral activity are impressive. Using photogrammetric materials obtained during flight with drone on Forest massif, CAD and GIS software develops extremely precise relief patterns. Elaboration of digital Orthophotoplans with high orientation accuracy, for the studied forestry area, using the materials obtained during the UAV survey, together with the resources of geographic information systems, allow the formation Structured information layers that can be overlapped. One of such layers overlapped an Orthophotoplan digital is the layer with cadastral boundaries. The results of this work are useful in the inventory of forest land, in land research, in clarifying land boundaries.

Application of UAVs in Education and Research

Application of UAVs in Education and Research

Author(s): Tamás Jancsó,Peter Udvardy,Attila Varga / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2020

The paper deals with the application possibilities of UAVs ((Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in education and in research activities carried out in university level. We can find several software applications for mission planning and execution of flight plans for UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) on the market. Some of them are fully free or very cheap, and they are suitable for teaching purposes. Choosing an appropriate evaluation software is also an important issue in education and team research processes. A series of experiments showed us, that the UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) technology is a good tool for deepening the knowledge in photogrammetric evaluation techniques and algorithms.

Applications of Fractal Geometry in Morpho-Hydrographic Network of the Danube Delta Potamology

Applications of Fractal Geometry in Morpho-Hydrographic Network of the Danube Delta Potamology

Author(s): Iulian Nichersu,Iuliana Nichersu,Marian Mierla / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

Fractal geometry is a tool in the analysis and interpretation in Potamology. Delta, is a typical case of alluvial river that occurs at the mouth of the great rivers loaded with a large amount of silt and opens into smooth waters, usually saline (seas and oceans) which has shallow waters and a shelf extended where tides (in most of the cases) are of low intensity and where currents coastline, with different meanings are weak, allowing the appearance, submersible or on surface of bars or a flat surface cone of dejection on which the river it spreads its waters in a web of streams, canals and lakes.A fractal is a geometric entity which, in its spatial development, is multiplying more and more on a smaller scale. An essential characteristic of fractals is that if you look with a magnifying glass, any part thereof, is reproducing at a smaller scale, the figure of the whole fractal. Fractal Analysis of the mouths of the Danube show a particular hydromorphological dynamics with specific mechanisms important for the exchange of energy and matter.The high degree of complexity of the Danube course determines the occurrence of several degrees of freedom in the course of the bed, reflected in an intense development and decreased predictability.On the other hand, the fractal dimension analysis of morphologically homogeneous sections of the course, emphasizes the geometric homogeneity of the lower Danube by similar values thereof.As engineers and scientists, we have become aware that water management involves a holistic and integrated view of a number of distinct systems that would previously have been dealt separately, and consequently there is a need for collaboration with experts from a number of other disciplines. Also we have to take into account the requirement of a range of stakeholders who have a direct interest in Danube Delta ecosystems functions. We have to note the Danube Delta water circulation (DDWCS) system deal with very complex interactions that are not immediately apparent. Simulation modeling has therefore become an important tool in order to understand the behavior under changes to various boundary conditions or internal conditions, such as parameters or even functional representations of different identified phenomena.

Arabia in the Early Modern European Mind. Representations of Arabia in Early Modern European Maps

Author(s): Sorin Ciutacu / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2019

The paper sets out the graphic representations of the cultural, religious, economic and geopolitical issues regarding Arabia as a part of the Ottoman Empire of some early European cartographers and travellers from the 17th and 18th century. Thus we shall analyse the maps by Jodocus Hondius (Asiae Nova Descriptio, Turcici Imperii Imago, Turcicum Imperium), by John Speed (Asia with the Islands Adjoining Described, The Turkish Empire Newly Augmented), by John Speed (The Turkish Empire), by Willem Janszoon Blaeu (Turcicum Imperium), by Nicolas Sanson (Carte des Trois Arabies), by Pierre Du Val (Itinéraire du Caire à la Mecque), by Frederick De Witt (Turcicum Imperium), by John Seller (A Chart of the Western Part of the East Indies), by Herman Moll (Arabia According to the Newest and Most Exact Observations). We shall compare the content of the maps to each other and try to stake out a certain route of underlying sources. The study will also briefly mention the cultural, economic and political relations holding between some European countries and Arabia. The paper will spell out the Early European mindset regarding the cultural, economic and religious area called Arabia.