Analiza zmian pokrycia terenu wokół autostrad za pomocą metod GIS

Author(s): Łukasz Lechowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2013

This article aims to develop a method of acquiring land cover changes data on the basis of high resolution orthophotography derived from Polish cartographic resources. The assessment of information sources was also examined in terms of its utility in such analysis. Simultaneously, using selected example, it was outlined, how the surrounding the A2 motorway area in the Stryków community had changed between the years 1996 and 2009. Some methods and tools applied in geoprocessing and spatial analyses were also presented. Many scientific publications describe data acquiring methods based on aerial photography and ortophotomaps that can be used in land cover and land use analyses. These methods may be divided into manual (visual), semi-automatic and automatic interpretation methods (e.g. raster, hybrid, object methods). In this survey the manual interpretation method was applied due to the input data accessibility e.g. ortophotomaps that were made only in the visible light spectrum with different tone colors and contrasts for each year (1996, 2004, 2009). This research involved following steps: (1) projecting of geodatabase structure, (2) visual interpretation of ortophotomaps in order to create land cover maps for 1996, 2004 and 2009, (3) delimitation of land cover changes, (4) survey results analysis with kernel density tool in order to present the density and direction of land cover changes in the neighbourhood of A2 motorway. The research indicated the straight majority of area surveyed in the years 1997–2009, was covered by gramineous vegetation and crops. However, the percentage of this class was decreasing systematically during those years. There was also remarkable increase for industrial and built-up areas. In the neighbourhood of A2 motorway in Stryków community, the growth of woodlands, wooded and shrubs area class was also noticed. For the building A2 motorway purposes there were created new gravel-pits and excavations of sand nearby the road. That is why for the area surveyed the percentage of greenfields was larger in 2009 than in 1996.

Analysis of Land Cover Changes Using Sentinel-1 Data. Case Study- Galati County, Romania

Analysis of Land Cover Changes Using Sentinel-1 Data. Case Study- Galati County, Romania

Author(s): Nicoleta Violeta Iurist,Florian Stătescu,Cazarina Georgiana Bartic,Valeria Ersilia Oniga / Language(s): English / Issue: 23/2017

The study of land cover changes is very important to have proper planning and utilization of natural resources and their management. The aim of this paper is to classify the study area, for two different time periods and to analyses the change detection using free-of-charge Sentinel-1 data. For this case study, dual-polarization (VV+VH) Interferometric Wide swath mode (IW) data collected on August 16th 2017 and October 11st 2017, over South-Est of Romania, were used. Pre-processing and processing were conducted using ESA Sentinel-1 toolbox (S1TBX) in the Sentinel Application Platform provided by ESA. Data have been calibrated, terrain corrected, and classified using supervised classification. The training and test data have been collected from Sentinel- 2 images.

Analysis of polycentricity of the South-East Region of Romania

Author(s): Sorin Daniel MANOLE,Antonio Valentin TACHE / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

Although its content is not clear enough, "polycentricity" has become, since the 1990s, an important concept that was at the core of discussions on territorial and economic development of Europe. This paper includes the presentation of a methodology for estimating the polycentricity degree of regions. Thus, first the functional urban areas must be identified; these are the basic elements in the analysis of polycentricity. Next, the three dimensions of polycentricity are assessed, i.e. size, location and connectivity, based on indicators. By aggregating the size index, location index and connectivity index, the polycentricity index is obtained. Finally, the methodology presented is used to assess the polycentricity of South-East Region of Romania. A comparison of the four indices of the South-East Region with the corresponding indices of ESPON Space shows significant differences favoring either of them.

Analysis of the relationships between the spatial arrangement of palaeovalleys and contemporary valleys of Central Poland in the light of GIS methods

Author(s): Aleksander Szmidt / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2016

W artykule przedstawiono przykład zastosowania wybranych metod GIS w celu wykazania związków pomiędzy przebiegiem dolin kopalnych oraz współczesnych na obszarze Polski Środkowej. Analizowany obszar w warunkach lądowych kształtowany był już w paleogenie i neogenie, natomiast największy wpływ na obecną rzeźbę powierzchni odcisnęły procesy morfogenetyczne w czwartorzędzie. W opracowaniach paleogeograficznych dla analizowanego obszaru często wskazuje się na możliwe zależności pomiędzy wykształceniem rzeźby współczesnej a jej podłożem, w szczególności zaś sieci dolinnej. W celu weryfikacji tej hipotezy, na podstawie archiwalnych materiałów kartograficznych oraz Cyfrowego Modelu Wysokościowego rzeźby współczesnej, zaproponowano schemat przeprowadzenia analizy z wykorzystaniem zestawu ogólnodostępnych narzędzi GIS. Z wyników przeprowadzonej analizy można stwierdzić, że główne doli- ny rzeczne Polski Środkowej w dużej części nawiązują swoim przebiegiem do kopalnej sieci dolinnej, gdzie związki te najlepiej są widoczne w przypadku dolin największych.

Antono Wiedo Maskvos valstybės žemėlapio leidimai ir jų kontekstas

Author(s): Vidas Poškus / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 2(39)/2005

The paper deals with the occurrence cartography of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) of the 16th century, represented by the map of Moscow State (Russia) compiled by Anthony Wied in 1542, in Vilnius and its publications in 1555 and 1570, which have been hardly studied in Lithuanian art research. Attempt is made to define Mannerism features characteristic of the artistic design of the maps. The main intentions of these creations are discussed. The appearance of the maps was induced by economic and military reasons. The maps are shown to have fulfilled propagandist functions. Russia was introduced to European readers as a wild and crude country.

Aplikování etnokartografické metody v kontextu české etnologie

Author(s): Daniel Drápala,Roman Malach / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2016

Ethnocartography is an umbrella term for a number of methods applied in ethnology for the spatial representation of a selected folk culture phenomenon. Historically, the application of ethnocartographic methods can be divided into three stages: pre-ethnocartography (1700s to early 1800s), early ethnocartography (early 1800s to 1930s) and scientific cartography. One of the fundamental issues in ethnocartography shared across all these periods is the nature of the data historical data which are overwhelmingly unbalanced in favor of some phenomena to the point of ignoring others, as well as the intrinsic inseparability of data on folk culture from their geographical, historical, chronological and socio-economic context. While this continues to be a major challenge, we believe these limitations can be overcome using the latest in digital technology, especially the geographic information systems (GIS), and this papers discusses the application of such technologies in the context of Czech ethnology.

Application of UAV Technology (Drones) in Forest Cadastre

Application of UAV Technology (Drones) in Forest Cadastre

Author(s): Valeriu Seinic / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2019

In the 21st century, technologies are not on the spot, as in all areas in cadastral activity, classical equipment is substituted by computer technologies equipped with different types of sensors that simplify the acquisition of field data and obtain Maps and cadastral plans.This article reflects the advantages of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in forest cadastral surveying. The advantage of UAV systems lies in their high flexibility and efficiency in capturing the surface of an area from a low flight altitude. In addition, further information such as orthoimages, elevation models and 3D objects can easily be gained from UAV images. The benefits of using UAVs in forest cadastral surveying and the new opportunities they offer for cadastral activity are impressive. Using photogrammetric materials obtained during flight with drone on Forest massif, CAD and GIS software develops extremely precise relief patterns. Elaboration of digital Orthophotoplans with high orientation accuracy, for the studied forestry area, using the materials obtained during the UAV survey, together with the resources of geographic information systems, allow the formation Structured information layers that can be overlapped. One of such layers overlapped an Orthophotoplan digital is the layer with cadastral boundaries. The results of this work are useful in the inventory of forest land, in land research, in clarifying land boundaries.

Applications of Fractal Geometry in Morpho-Hydrographic Network of the Danube Delta Potamology

Applications of Fractal Geometry in Morpho-Hydrographic Network of the Danube Delta Potamology

Author(s): Iulian Nichersu,Iuliana Nichersu,Marian Mierla / Language(s): English / Issue: 20/2016

Fractal geometry is a tool in the analysis and interpretation in Potamology. Delta, is a typical case of alluvial river that occurs at the mouth of the great rivers loaded with a large amount of silt and opens into smooth waters, usually saline (seas and oceans) which has shallow waters and a shelf extended where tides (in most of the cases) are of low intensity and where currents coastline, with different meanings are weak, allowing the appearance, submersible or on surface of bars or a flat surface cone of dejection on which the river it spreads its waters in a web of streams, canals and lakes.A fractal is a geometric entity which, in its spatial development, is multiplying more and more on a smaller scale. An essential characteristic of fractals is that if you look with a magnifying glass, any part thereof, is reproducing at a smaller scale, the figure of the whole fractal. Fractal Analysis of the mouths of the Danube show a particular hydromorphological dynamics with specific mechanisms important for the exchange of energy and matter.The high degree of complexity of the Danube course determines the occurrence of several degrees of freedom in the course of the bed, reflected in an intense development and decreased predictability.On the other hand, the fractal dimension analysis of morphologically homogeneous sections of the course, emphasizes the geometric homogeneity of the lower Danube by similar values thereof.As engineers and scientists, we have become aware that water management involves a holistic and integrated view of a number of distinct systems that would previously have been dealt separately, and consequently there is a need for collaboration with experts from a number of other disciplines. Also we have to take into account the requirement of a range of stakeholders who have a direct interest in Danube Delta ecosystems functions. We have to note the Danube Delta water circulation (DDWCS) system deal with very complex interactions that are not immediately apparent. Simulation modeling has therefore become an important tool in order to understand the behavior under changes to various boundary conditions or internal conditions, such as parameters or even functional representations of different identified phenomena.

ARCHITECTURE OF AN INTELLIGENT TOURIST GUIDE

Author(s): Vanya Ivanova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

The article presents a part of the architecture of an intelligent tourist guide. It is intended for users, who are interested in the cultural and historical heritage of Bulgaria. It consists of two intelligent agents and a knowledge base in the form of ontologies that are described in the article

Archiwalne materiały kartograficzne źródłem do rekonstrukcji przestrzeni dawnych wsi w strefie zabudowy miejskiej

Author(s): Kamil Nieścioruk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2013

The paper describes a possibility of using post-war cartographic materials (but not only) in a process of tracing and analyzing the remnants of the past landscape in urbanized areas (the case of Lublin) and virtual revival of such landscapes. The process of gathering and selecting materials is described, including cartometric quality discussion and an idea of supporting analyses with field works is discussed. Th e analyses mentioned above are divided into visual (qualitative) and quantitative ones. The former includes overlaying cartographic materials to check for remnants and to support the hypothesis posed during fi eld-works. The latter – a comparison of digital elevation models based on early maps. The final part deals with constructing 3D visualization of past landscape based on maps, aerial and regular photographs and additional, non-cartographic materials.

Areas Affected by Wildfires in Thasos Island using GIS

Areas Affected by Wildfires in Thasos Island using GIS

Author(s): Ana Cornelia Badea,Gheorghe Badea / Language(s): English / Issue: 22/2017

In this paper we want to highlight the areas affected by wildfires in Thasos using Esri technology. The study is based on images from before and after the event. GIS possibilities offer us the appropriate environment to develop the study. The workflow was created in ArcGIS Pro10.3, using Chain Function.

Around the Bloc: Google Maps Will Revert to Old Names for Crimea

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 08/02/2016

After complaints from Russian-annexed region, the mapping service will undo changes in street, town and region names.

Aspecte privind conceptele şi practicile de planificare urbană integrată în Franţa

Author(s): Lilian Cîrnu / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Aspects Regarding External Stresses on Dams During the Years 2000 – 2016. Case Study – 22 Reservoirs in Prut – Bârlad Catchment

Aspects Regarding External Stresses on Dams During the Years 2000 – 2016. Case Study – 22 Reservoirs in Prut – Bârlad Catchment

Author(s): Isabela Balan,Loredana Crengăniș,Flaviana Corduneanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 23/2017

The Prut - Barlad Water Basinal Administration has a complex program of observations and hydro meteorological measurements. For a number of 22 reservoirs, special behavior monitoring is carried out, according to the Normative for the Monitoring of Hydrotechnical Constructions NP 087-2003. The main external stresses monitored at the dams of these accumulations are: rainfall, temperatures, water level in the lake. A study period of 17 years between 1999 and 2016 was chosen for the analysis. The paper presents the multiannual evolution of the maximum water levels in the reservoirs chosen for the study.

Aspects Regarding Side Displacement and Deformation as Effect of the Subsidence Process Caused by the Exploitation of Mineral Underground Deposite

Aspects Regarding Side Displacement and Deformation as Effect of the Subsidence Process Caused by the Exploitation of Mineral Underground Deposite

Author(s): Raluca Farcaș,Sanda Naș,Paul Sestraș,Cornel Arsene,Mircea Ortelecan / Language(s): English / Issue: 24/2018

This paper addresses two aspects related to the manifestation of the subsidence process on the surface, caused by the exploitation of deposits of useful mineral substances (coal, ores and salt), respectively the analysis of the functional - stochastic model used to determine the displacement and deformation parameters of the surface. Taken into account, was the subject of previous research by the authors. In order to determine the displacement parameters, the rigorously processed repeated measurement method was used.

Aspects Regarding the Modeling of Water Distribution Networks using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and the Epaet Program

Aspects Regarding the Modeling of Water Distribution Networks using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and the Epaet Program

Author(s): Gilda Gavrilaș,Loredana Crengăniș / Language(s): English / Issue: 20/2016

Upgrading water distribution systems in towns imposes the study of water distribution networks, starting from a global vision including the current situation, the management of each element of the system as well as their exploitation, development and optimization. The water distribution system consists of a number of interconnected hydraulic elements, each of them characterized by certain relations among the variables that have been chosen to describe their functioning. Currently, the GIS system has the advantage of enabling the collecting and validation of all available information, leading to the possibility of a coherent data set for the elaboration of a hydraulic model. In order to analyse the running of the system, the current practice restricts the analysis model of these elements, so that the parameters could be molded within the existing simulation systems. The paper presents various possibilities to analyse the functioning of a water distribution system.

Aspekty historyczne rozwoju teorii odwzorowań azymutalnych

Author(s): Rostysław Sossa,Pavel Korol / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

Problem odwzorowania powierzchni Ziemi na płaszczyźnie zajmuje matematyków i kartografów od ponad 2000 lat. Zagadnienie to ma istotne znaczenie nie tylko dla teoretyków kartografii, ale również dla użytkowników map, ponieważ w rezultacie przekształceń wynikających z rodzaju odwzorowania następuje zniekształcenie pewnych zależności geometrycznych występujących na powierzchni Ziemi. W odróżnieniu od wielu publikacji przedstawiających odwzorowania kartograficzne jako jedno z zagadnień kartografii matematycznej w niniejszym artykule skupiono się na rozwoju i zastosowaniu wyłącznie odwzorowań azymutalnych (płaszczyznowych), śledząc zmiany od czasów starożytnych do współczesnych. Omawiając podstawowe cechy poszczególnych odwzorowań azymutalnych, przedstawiono ich szczegółową klasyfikację, m.in. na typy związane z położeniem środka rzutu (np. centralny, stereograficzny, ortograficzny), nie mające charakteru rzutów, jak najpopularniejsze z nich odwzorowanie Postela (równoodległościowe) czy Lamberta (równopolowe), a także na wszelkie modyfikacje typów podstawowych.

Assessing accuracy of forest cover information on historical maps

Author(s): Urs Gimmi,Christian Ginzler,Matthias Müller,Achilleas Psomas / Language(s): English / Issue: 146/2016

Assessing the uncertainty of historical map information is a prerequisite for using this source type for land cover reconstructions. We assessed the accuracy of forest cover information from 1930 / 1940 Swiss topographic maps (Siegfried maps) by comparing them with forest cover gained from orthophotos and terrestrial photos from the same period. Orthophotos were considered to contain the true forest cover information and consequently inconsistencies between historical maps and orthophotos were considered as true errors (over or underestimation of the forest cover on the map ). Terrestrial photos reflect the surveyors perspective in the field and we therefore used this source type to develop hypotheses on potential reasons for inaccuracy of map information. Generalized linear models were used to test the hypotheses. The results confirmed our expectation that disagreement between maps is more likely to occur near forest edges, at higher altitudes and in less accessible and visible areas. Contrary to our expectations terrain slope did not play a significant role to explain surprisingly high rates of inaccuracy occurred in forest core areas.

Assessment of Hydromorphological and Hydrodynamic Alterations Caused by Anthropogenic Interventions on the Riverbed. Case Study Danube Bala Branch New Bottom Sill

Assessment of Hydromorphological and Hydrodynamic Alterations Caused by Anthropogenic Interventions on the Riverbed. Case Study Danube Bala Branch New Bottom Sill

Author(s): Constantin Cârstinoiu,Gyorgy Deak,Bogdan Urițescu,Georgeta Tudor,Alina Florina Nicolae,Adrian Ștefan Zamfir,Tiberius Dănălache,Marius Olteanu,Marius Raischi / Language(s): English / Issue: 23/2017

The necessity for navigation conditions improvement on the Lower Danube lead to the construction of a submerged bottom sill on the Bala branch. This paper presents differences that occurred between riverbed bathymetry and water current velocity values recorded in measurements campaigns using multibeam and ADCP techniques carried out before and after the bottom sill was built (June 2013 and March 2016). The comparative hydromorphological analysis showed the emergence of erosion areas up to -17.4 m and deposition areas up to 9.5 m. As for the hydrodynamic alterations, above the new built bottom sill, the water current velocity values of over 3.0 m/s were recorded.

Atlas Fontium

Author(s): Marek Słoń / Language(s): English,Polish,German / Issue: 5/2017