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This study discusses the progress and impact of the process of polarization of space and settlement at the level of territorial units (okrug – districts and opcinas) in Serbia from 1991 to 2011. With the help of analysis of selected data and referencing different literature, the study identifies, characterizes and then compares different peripheral areas in Serbia. The study analyzes, within the regional differentiation of Serbian territory after 1990, the extent to which this period differed from changes in the socialist era, i.e. whether the differences between core and peripheries deepened after 1990 and whether the position of individual regions in the country remained continuously maintained. The article is based on analysis of statistical data and demonstrates that the Serbian territory, at the macro-regional level, can be divided in two basic ways which manifest themselves in the long run: firstly, using the so called north-south zoning, which is mainly due to the physical and geographical conditions (polarity between mountain and lowland regions) and secondly, dividing the country based on a continuous zone of economic development, which is located in the north-south direction from Vojvodina across Novi Sad, Belgrade, Kragujevac and Niš and further along the South Moravia River. Within the regional differentiation of Serbia there are also identified and examined two main stages of development. Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija was not included in this analysis because of deficiency of relevant statistics data in the period under review.
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This article provides a historical and cultural analysis of the phenomenon of identity formation of the Russian people on the basis of study of agriculture as a historical-geographical factor which had a significant influence on the processes taking place in the Russian plain at the appointed chronological period.
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The longest street in Belgrade (7.5 km) that stretches from downtown, from Nikola Pasic Square to the road that leads to Veliki Mokri Lug, through four Belgrade municipalities, has changed its name several times. It was called Roman Via Militaris, then Constantinople road, Alley at the golden cannon, Marko’s Street, Fiseklija, King Aleksandar Obrenovic Street, Boulevard of the Liberation, Boulevard of the Revolution and King Aleksandar Boulevard. Name Boulevard of the Revolution was changed in 2002 to King Aleksandar Boulevard, but these days people have still used the old name (attached through film representation of life in this street in the end of the 20th century) or a shortened Boulevard. It’s quite difficult for people to get used to the new name. Historical and geographical characteristics are relating to the identity of the boulevard before the World War II, after the World War II, during the 90’s of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. Except identifying and explaining the main historical and geographical characteristics, objective of the study is to reach deeper into symbolism of meaning of the famous boulevard identity. To achieve this, we chose case study of plane trees cutting in 2010. The importance of public space, collective memory, belonging to the urban environment and public media discourse are going to be analysed in a variety of qualitative methods.
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The article (on the case of the Republic of Mordovia) examines the geo-environmental analysis of the processes of the territory economic development planning for cultural landscapes. The landscape electronic map is perceived as a basic model of geographic information system. Author describes geo-systems of Mordovia; stages of their economic development, geo-ecological zoning.
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The chapter identifiesthe main needs for interconnecting at the national level the competitiveness poles of the settlement network.
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The chapter performs an economic assessment of the territory adjacent to the Danube for identifying the potential elements within the framework of the European Union Strategy for the Danube Region.
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The chapter presentes the impact of using eco-energy sources on the landscape.
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The COVID-19 pandemic produced a series of drastic short-term changes in everyone's life and generated a professional debate regarding the long-term impact it will have on the public space. In the context in which we are in the twelfth month since its debut worldwide and nine months after the first measures in Romania, we can see its effects especially for those cities that were vulnerable until then: shrinking cities. Between March and December 2020, a number of specialized articles were published in the hope of identifying certain patterns of reconfiguration of socio-economic processes and the impact of measures imposed by the health crisis on public spaces. This paper uses classical methods of synthesis, analyzing the literature published in this interval to identify the first signs of pandemic effects in city life, especially shrinking cities. The results show that, in fact, shrinking cities are favored in the pandemic context in terms of phenomena that benefit them, by limiting brain drain to magnet cities and accelerating programs of projects to increase the quality of life by increasing the quality of the urban environment. In conclusion, the measures that can be implemented by local authorities to use public space in the most efficient way, taking into account the current conditions imposed by social distancing, are presented.
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Anthropogenic cultural and historical values are an important resource for the development of cultural tourism. In our country they are found and continue to find a variety of valuable items from different cultures and civilizations left their traces in the Bulgarian lands. The total number of these in varying degrees preserved remains over 40 000 sites, of which only about 8000 are socialized, i.e. are suitable for tourist visits. In the proposed article, some of the major groups of objects in this category are classified according to their territorial forms in the space and configurations they shape.
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Approximately 75% of the urban settlements in Romania are superimposed or are tangent to at least one natural protected area, these not being integrated from the point of view of their regulation in the urban strategies and in the urban planning regulations. From a spatial point of view, this type of relationship often represents a contrast between the urban fabric and the quasi-natural fabric. However, in the regulatory or strategy instruments for the development of urban settlements, where such contrasts exist, they are only integrated at the border level. The ecotone is, in most cases, the only element mentioned in urban planning instruments and is approached as a land that can only function in isolation and that in no way can support urban development. This reluctance and fear of approaching natural protected areas, also negatively influences the conception of the community, investors and the administration. Urban actors are not informed and therefore not motivated, but neither do they have the opportunity to get involved in the conservation and protection process. The purpose of this article is to research urban and biodiversity strategies at E.U level, to identify gaps in the formulation of urban planning tools, what are the reasons behind generating these gaps and how they can be eliminated, or at least mitigated. The analysis will focus on some models of urban strategies which address natural protected areas, but will also consider related elements, directly related to their conservation, urban ecology and the involvement in the process of urban actors.
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The importance of studying urban green infrastructure in planning is justified by its ecosystem services, contributing to the welfare of urban dwellers and urban sustainability. The present study uses an ecological approach to analyze the dynamics of urban green infrastructure in Polish and Romanian cities with Urban Atlas data in 2006, 2012 and 2018. To avoid ecological fallacy, the methodology includes analyses of individual cases studies. Findings show that urban green infrastructure corresponds to the four city nature types. All cities have lost or transformed their green infrastructure, with local variations. Natural and/or agricultural green spaces make up most of the green infrastructure, while landscaped areas constitute a small share, and are prominent in large, populous, and dense cities. The loss is proportional to the share of categories. Analyses of individual examples show that the involvement of environmental aware citizens is essential for planning a healthy green infrastructure. Local authorities play an important role in influencing planners to account for the green infrastructure. Planners must strive to keep the existing green infrastructure, ensure its continuity, and add more urban greenery; local authorities should account for scientific evidence concerning the role of urban greenery, and scientists should provide simpler, condensed recommendations.
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The article presents an Interactive Culinary Map of the Bulgarian language territory, made by research associates of the Institute of Bulgarian Language at IBM “Prof. L. Andreychin” of the BAS with the help of the latest linguogeographical methods, tailored to the development of communication technologies. Through traditional visual means, greater concreteness of the phenomena is achieved, and through electronic means, the dynamic interpretation of these phenomena is possible. The map continues the tradition in Bulgarian linguistic geography, according to which maps and atlases have been produced for years. Mapping of the material is done using a special mapping program. The idea is to show on the map not only the distribution of lexemes (their spatial projection), but also to present linguistic phenomena in their interconnectedness. The aspiration is also aimed at delineating the main culinary regions on the Bulgarian linguistic territory. The production of the interactive culinary map of the Bulgarian language territory fully meets the public needs in the country. Internet users from all over the world (the map has a mirrored English version) can see how the names of typical traditional dishes and drinks are spelled in Bulgarian dialects, as well as hear authentic speech from most dialect areas.
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Paper presents results of two research studies regarding formal integration of mountain-oriented education into Geography school curricula and Geography textbooks for primary schools. First study focuses on quantitative and qualitative analysis of Geography school curricula for primary schools, within which we searched for references, learning objectives, competencies and teaching methods, which are connected to mountain-oriented education. The second study focuses on analysis of Geography textbooks for primary schools, where we analyzed text and photographs, which are connected to mountain-oriented education. The paper presents important findings of how mountain-oriented education is currently presented within Geography lessons in Slovenian primary schools.
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This chapter returns to some of the issues mentioned in the previous parts of the book, reflecting on them from the perspective of the participating students and accompanying teachers. We found that students’ and teachers’ perceptions of the programs sometimes differ from what program leaders and designers might expect. Regardless of the high level of students’ and teachers’ satisfaction with the programs, the chapter opens a discussion of how their expectations need to be balanced with the programs’ aims.
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This chapter weaves together all the threads defined in the Real World Learning Model and discussed in this book. It goes back to some of the questions tackled in the previous chapters, highlighting the main crossroads. In particular, the chapter reviews how decisions made about outdoor environmental education programs’ aims, distribution of power, framing of the learning experience, communication of values, and facilitation of experiential learning influence one another, and what impact they have on the other aspects of designing these programs.
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