Measuring the Distributional Impact of Public Health Spending on Poverty in Nigeria

Author(s): Olawale Ibrahim Olateju,Oludare Tolulope Adeyemi,Mustapha Abiodun Okunnu / Language(s): English Issue: 09/2009

Most African health systems are replicas of what was inherited from the colonial era and are therefore unevenly weighted toward privileged elites and Urban centers. Improved health status leads to increased productivity, educational performance, higher life expectancy, savings and investments, and decreased debts and expenditure on health care. Ultimately this would lead to greater equity, economic re-turn, and social and political stability. The health impacts of climate change can occur through a number of direct and indirect causal pathways, and the severity is in part determined by the adaptive capacity of the population. Those groups particularly at risk include poorer countries and communities, those geographically vulnerable to extreme weather events, and those highly dependent on agriculture for their livelihood.The paper examines the impact of public health expenditure, and poverty among the general populace. The trend of the country human development index and public expenditure on health were analyzed using correlation coefficient and regression analysis and simple descriptive analysis. The findings reveal that the variations in the human development index could be traced to the budget estimates.

КОМПЛЕТНО ИЗДАЊЕ КЊИГА VIII. БРОЈ 2. 1923

Author(s): Jovan Cvijić,Ivo Belin,Slavko Kiršner,Ernest Н. R. Collings / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 02/1923

KOMPLETNO IZDANJE KNJIGA XIX. BROJ 3., 1929

Author(s): Nikola Škerović,Jovo Zubović,Ivo Brichta / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 03/1929

Trends and Development Prospects of Ayagoz District of East Kazakhstan Oblast in the Conditions of Transformation of the Region’s Economy

Author(s): Gulnara Nyussupova,Vladimir Uvarov,Madiyar Kadylbekov,Gaukhar Aidarkhanova,Anatoly Stepanov,Alexander Burnasov / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Industrial development is the most important task for the economy of Kazakhstan. In 2010, a course was taken to diversify the economy. In 2010–2014 implemented was The State program of forced industrial and innovative development. Today, the implementation of the second five-year industrialisation period is nearing its completion. The aim and tasks of research is to conduct a comprehensive description of the impact of the Aktogay mining and processing complex on the components of the socio-economic development of the region. To achieve this goal, the following tasks must be completed: analyse the state of socio-economic processes in the Ayagoz district of the East Kazakhstan oblast for the study period; describe the impact of the Aktogay mining and processing complex on the current state of socio-economic development of the East Kazakhstan oblast. In the framework of the State program of forced industrial and innovative development of the country in 2010–2014 a total number of 162 projects were implemented with a total investment of 41.9 billion dollars. One of the “breakthrough projects” is the construction of the Aktogay mining and processing complex in the East Kazakhstan oblast. The construction of the Aktogay MPC contributes to: the development of the economy of the Ayagoz district of East Kazakhstan oblast; increase of the potential of mining industry of Kazakhstan through the introduction of new technologies that are used in extraction and processing of ore, as well as in the production of the final product. The article analyses the state of socio-economic development of the Ayagoz district and East Kazakhstan oblast before and at the operation of the Aktogay MPC. Indicators were selected by social and economic blocs for 2009–2018. Taking into account the particular location of the Aktogay MPC, criteria were selected for each component of the socio-economic environment that reflect both the positive and negative residual effects of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises. The significance of positive and negative impacts for each component was evaluated using statistical data on socio-economic indicators. For analysing the social environment of East Kazakhstan oblast, indicators were the measures of favourable or unfavourable activities in meeting the social needs of the population of the region. For analysing the economic development of the region, the indicators are a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the enterprise for the economy of the region.

The delimitation of functional areas in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (Poland) concerning social, financial and economic as well as spatial and infrastructural criteria

Author(s): Mateusz Ćwikła / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The article presents current trends in delimiting an area by function and covers various research issues. The main goal of the work was achieved through the author’s method of delimiting functional areas in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, taking into account social, financial and economic, and spatial and infrastructural criteria. Among all 18 diagnostic features, the following indicators were the most useful: population density, net migration of permanent commune residents per 1000 population, non-working age population per 100 working-age, number of national economy entities on the REGON register per 1000 working-age population, number of dwellings per 1000 inhabitants, and proportion of commune agricultural land to total area. The starting point for creating a fixed classification for communes was the functional typology developed by J. Bański in 2009 at the special request of the Ministry of Regional Development. As a result of the delimitation, the following functional areas in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship were designated: urban (5), diversified urban (7), tourist and spa (2), tourism and recreation (7), agricultural and horticultural (4), agricultural production (22), semi-subsistent smallholdings (30) and multifunctional (25).

Особливості управління аграрними підприємствами України в умовах невизначеності та кризової ситуації

Author(s): Roman Stonozhenko,Ilona Androshchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 9 (42)/2023

The paper is devoted to the importance of the agricultural sector for the development of the economies of the countries of the world. The role of agrarian enterprises in filling the country's GDP is determined, for example, in the GDP of Ukraine, the share of agriculture in the structure of GDP was 7-8% in 2010-2012 and 9- 10% in 2020-2021. The key problems of the agrarian sector of the economy of Ukraine are considered, among which the following are highlighted: loss of production potential of land areas, labor shortage, insufficient demand, unfavorable weather conditions. The state of mined territory of Ukraine is given. It was determined that the most mined territories are located in the South and East of Ukraine, a large part of which is currently occupied and cannot be demined. It was established that a significant problem is the destruction of infrastructure facilities of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine due to the constant shelling, as a result of which a significant number of granaries, warehouses, factories were destroyed, supply logistics were disrupted, in particular, before the full-scale invasion, about 90% of grain and oil crops were exported by sea, whereas now the routes have been changed to rail and road, which not only increases the cost but also limits the number of deliveries. In the paper a change in the structure of employees in the field of plant and animal husbandry during recent years was showed, in particular, a decrease in their number in connection with the comprehensive mobilization of the population and migration processes. The results of surveys of 702 enterprises throughout the territory of Ukraine regarding the prospects for positive changes in the activity of the country's agrarian sector are presented. As a result, expectations have a pessimistic forecast in terms of changes in the volume of produced products, the volume of products sold on foreign markets (within and outside the EU), stocks of products suitable for sale, prices of products and the number of employees for both crop and animal husbandry in general. A set of measures is proposed, among them the following: to adapt Ukraine's agricultural policy to EU standards; to provide financing, as well as comprehensive assistance to the livestock sector, as the most affected and backward sector of the agrarian economy of Ukraine; introduction of modern methods of management of agricultural enterprises, focusing on the experience of the Western colleagues in overcoming crisis situations; continuation of the "grain agreement" as one of the main ways of exporting grain raw materials abroad; provision of mineral fertilizers, as well as the necessary agricultural machinery of low-income farmers; the application of a number of measures to overcome the existing problems should stimulate the financial flow to the agricultural sector, create conditions for the development of a completely new stage of the agrarian policy of Ukraine.

RURAL SETTLEMENTS FROM OTTOMAN ANATOLIA: THE CASE OF THE DISTRICT OF KIRELI OF KONYA OF 1845

Author(s): Mehmet Akif Erdoğru / Language(s): English Issue: 79/2023

This research article is based mainly on Ottoman archival data of 1845. They are manuscripts, written in Ottoman Turkish. Ottoman government needs cash in the years of 1820s due to wars with Russia and Iran. To achieve this, the state demands extra taxes from all peasants of Anatolia. In this study, the economic situation of 22 small Muslim villages of the district of Kıreli of Konya of Anatolia was examined in outline. Agriculture and livestock were the main means of livelihood for the Muslim peasants. However, with the increase of the population, the economic resources were not enough for the Muslim peasants and the nomads (Yörük) living in this region. Many men had to leave their villages and went to the large cities to earn struggle for life. Ottoman administration founds them there and also taxes the labor. This was a very heavy practice for them. In the region, most villages were abandoned. The peasants had to be content with only rural resources. The vacant agricultural lands were immediately planted by the surrounding peasants.

Анализ на създадената заетост от програма за развитие на селските райони в България за периода 2020–2022

Author(s): Stanislava Aleksandrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

This study deals with the 2020–2022 Rural Area Development Programme in Bulgaria, evaluating its impact on employment generation in the regions included in it.

Šokački agrarni pokret u Dražu i Gajiću 1897.-1898. (Kako je baranjsko Prekodravlje postalo dijelom Kraljevine SHS)

Author(s): László Heka / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 23/2023

The rebellion of the Šokci that broke out in 1897 in Draž and Gajić is one of the most significant events in the history of Hungarian social democracy. It started in southeastern Baranya and was at its peak in January 1898 when the uprising had taken hold of 26 settlements in the districts of Baranyavár / Branjin Vrh, Mohács and Siklós. In the settlements of Baranyavár / Branjin Vrh, Darázs / Draž, Dály-ok / Duboševica, Hercegmárok / Gajić, Kásád / Kašad, Lőcs / Luč, Szentmárton / Martince, Petarda, Izsép / Topolje and Torjanci, the majority population was Croatian; among the socialist agitators the majority were Croats along with a significant share of Hungarians and a quite large proportion of Germans. Although at the time, the authorities and the newspapers reported on the nationalist movement of the Šokci-Croats, in the last few decades researchers and scholars have agreed that the socialist – agrarian movement was not marked by nationality because among the malcontents there were also Hungarians and Germans as well as Serbs living in villages affected by the rebellion. However, it must be said that although the movement enjoyed wide support among the inhabitants in the villages of the Šokci, in villages with a Hungarian majority (Kopács / Kopačevo, Sepse / Kotlina, Laskó / Lug, Csúza / Suza, Várdaróc / Vardarac) the socialist organizations that had also been established, did not have a base anything like as large as in the villages of the Šokci. By using the term “rebellion of the Šokci” the intention of the local authorities was probably to play down the severity of the rebellion, refraining from mentioning that it had also affected the villages with German and Hungarian majorities. Particular emphasis was placed on the claim that the Šokci had “separated themselves from the Church” and become members of a sect. This should be kept in mind because good Šokci were considered “good Hungarians” and “devoted believers of the Catholic Church”. It was precisely for these characteristics that the Hungarians boasted of “their Šokci”, especially in Mohač and the surroundings. However, the discontent shown in the “rebellion of the Šokci” attained such proportions that not even the police were able to control them and a military intervention was necessary. As the historical Baranya county (vármegye, županija) was occupied in 1918, the Serbian military authorities and the Belgrade government endeavoured to win the local population over. Among the population there were differences in regard to nationality, religion and world view, however, the municipality was specific in that it was the centre of the agrarian and social-democratic movement and inasmuch as the majority of the population was non-Hungarian. Along with the most numerous German community, there were also many Šokci (Croats) and Serbs whom the Kingdom of the SHS tried to win over, in order to incorporate this area as part of the Yugoslav state. Accordingly, they affirmed they would conduct an agrarian reform, accentuated the fraternal and blood relations of the Serbs and Croats (Šokci and Bunjevci) and allowed the uninterrupted operation of the socialist-democratic movement.

Evoluția la nivel internațional și național a domeniului prezervării grădinilor istorice și peisajelor culturale. Congrese, dezbateri, convenții, charte, ghiduri și legi

Author(s): Alexandru Mexi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 12/2023

The history and evolution of the approaches referring to the protection of historical parks and gardens and, more recently, of cultural landscapes, is certainly both interesting, yet little researched. According to the little bibliography dedicated t

Ekonomický růst a přírodní zdroje regionu

Author(s): Tomáš Volek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2009

The main sources, for increasing the economic growth and the development of regions, are human resources, capital and natural resources. The main aim of this paper is to find out if using natural resources contributes to the economic growth and performance of a region. For determination of the relationship between the economic growth of a region and natural resources two indices were used. They were namely the share of branches which use natural resources for added values and for the employment rate. The monitored region is the Region of South Bohemia and the Czech Republic. Used data were taken from the years 1997-2006. According to the mentioned analysis it is possible to conclude that the importance of agriculture and forestry still declines and loses its values. The positive impact of tourism cannot compensate this decrease. A similar effect is in labour market. The same conclusion was made in the Region of South Bohemia and the Czech Republic as a whole.

Kulturní aspekty a trvale udržitelný rozvoj v regionu

Author(s): Růžena Krninská / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2005

The worldwide process of globalization is also accompanied by the process of localization. Here it is possible to observe differences between the newly emerged global culture and specific cultural tradititons in regions. Global civilization changes interfere with the development of particular regions. Sustainable development at the holistic view as secure of unity cultural aspects of human activities in connection with natural general regularities. We can see that decreasing and increasing of human community in the region is result of interaction of the culture with natural area. The results of research the agricultural management show connection between natural environment and professional orientation.

THE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL POLICIES ON AGRICULTURAL LAND OWNERSHIP

Author(s): Rodna Živkovska,Tina Pržeska,Tea Lalevska / Language(s): English Issue: 3 (2)/2023

Ever since the Law on Agricultural Land was enforced in 2007, the Macedonian legislator has aimed for a proactive legislative approach in aiding the development and modernization of agricultural production. To that effect, policies have been adopted directed towards the protection of agricultural land and inciting interest in agriculture in working-age people. The Law on Agricultural Land and other special laws and by-laws incorporated provisions intended to protect agricultural land, promote agricultural production, and facilitate access to funds for financing agricultural production in North Macedonia. All the efforts in developing agricultural production have affected agricultural land owners by influencing how they can or can’t exercise their right of ownership. The different ways that the adopted agricultural policies and legislative measures have affected ownership of agricultural land are the subject of research and analysis in this paper.

Rappel historique de l’évolution du tissu industriel dans la ville portuaire de San-Pedro et ses environs (ex-région du sud-ouest)

Author(s): N’Goran Norbert Kouakou / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2023

The industrialization of southwestern Côte d’Ivoire is based on wood processing and agro-industry, opened to the outside world by the creation of a port in San Pedro. Started in the 1970s, the process is part of territorial planning initiated by the government through the South West Regional Planning Authority (ARSO). The operation consisted of promoting regional industrial development by relying on the port. The objective of this research is to provide a historical review of the evolution of the industrial fabric in the port city of San Pedro and its surroundings, formerly called southwestern region. To carry out this study, it was sufficient to use literature research and conduct field surveys. The results first provide feedback on the industrialization policy of the southwestern region articulated around the port of San Pedro. In fact, the typological choice of the industry focused on the valorization of the region's resources through the processing of wood and agricultural products. What happened next relates a weak or even zero establishment in the departments during the last more than 50 years, except San Pedro acquired a port and a developed industrial zone. In addition, the infrastructure still does not meet all the expectations initiated by ARSO in the field of heavy industries.

Pavel Fabini, Martin Klečacký, Tomáš Zouzal: Zemědělská rada pro Království české 1873–1918

Author(s): Jiřina Juněcová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2016

Review of: Fabini, Pavel –Klečacký, Martin –Zouzal, Tomáš: Zemědělská rada pro Království české 1873–1918, Ministerstvo zemědělství. Praha 2015, 135 s.

Dąbie w latach 1815-1866. Administracja, finanse i majątek miejski

Author(s): Tomasz Dziki / Language(s): Polish Issue: X/2023

In the years 1815-1866 Dąbie administratively belonged to the Łęczyce region and district (from 1842) in the Mazovia Province, then from 1837 to the Masovian Governorate, and from 1845 to the Warsaw Governorate. After the territorial reform of 1866, at the beginning of 1867, Dąbie was incorporated into the Koło District within the Kalisz Governorate. The town administration in the Kingdom of Poland was subordinated to state authority. Each of the mayors was nominated by state authorities, not elected by the public. Contrary to many other small and medium-sized towns in the Kingdom, the function of mayor and treasurer was separated in Dąbie. The town treasury owned a number of properties (agricultural properties, town squares), which were leased out and from which profits were drawn. The income of the town treasury was increased by other numerous taxes, such as profits from the production and trade in liquor, taxes on traders ofn the town. On the expenditure side, the most substantial were salaries together with amounts reserved for the disposal of state authorities. Overall, in the period discussed, Dąbie was a medium-sized town, but the one that was developing in demographical and economical terms, among other things.

Peter Collmer: Verwaltete Vielfalt

Author(s): Jacek Kordel / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2023

Review of: Peter Collmer: Verwaltete Vielfalt. Die königlichen Tafelgüter in Polen-Litauen, 1697-1763. (Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des östlichen Europa, Bd. 90.) Franz Steiner Verlag. Stuttgart 2022. 378 S., Ill. ISBN 978-3-515-13123-0.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL WORKFORCE IN ROMANIA AND HUNGARY, ESPECIALLY IN THE PERIOD AFTER THE ACCESSION TO THE EU

Author(s): Szeréna Nagy / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2021

Agriculture is a vital activity that plays a key role in the food security of the population, has an impact on regional and local ecosystems and is a tool for the economic development of every country. Accession to the European Union had a serious impact on the agricultural performance of the accessing countries, and had an effect on the fluctuation of agricultural employees. The proportion of the population living in rural areas is also declining in Romania, Hungary and the European Union, as the primary source of subsistence in rural areas is agriculture, which is a less attractive alternative to the more competitive sectors provided by urban areas. As a result of the above mentioned processes, the structure of agricultural workforce is constantly changing and deteriorating, and for the young generation, agriculture and rural life are not a viable alternative for the future. An aging tendency can be observed for the agricultural workforce. The aim of the presented study is to examine and present the situation of the agricultural workforce in Romania and Hungary, the transformation of its structure in recent years, especially in the years following the EU accession, and to draw some important conclusions, which include the most important past trends and also provide future perspectives and suggestions in relation to the topic under study.

CASE STUDY OF RURAL ECUADORIAN REGION AND THE COMPARISON BETWEEN HUNGARIAN RURAL SECTOR

Author(s): Maria LOURDES ORDONEZ,Pető Károly / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2021

The review article aims to know the reality of the rural sector of one of the essential productive territories of Ecuador. Manabi province is in the center of the country's coastal area on the most relevant part of the South American continent over the Pacific Ocean. It is in a strategic position for trade and agro productive activities. The document will analyze the three dimensions (social, ecological, and economic) in which the rural development of the territories is focused and compare the region described with the Hungarian rural economy. Additionally, it will identify some similarities and differences in the rural sector, particularly the strong relationship between the agricultural activities and the situation of the farmers in this context. This case study serves as an instrument of analysis of a settlement within which rural development works at a general level. Also, it will contemplate a series of statistical information that evidence the territorial reality of the regions that can determine future sustainable rural development strategies.

Stopklatki z Apulii

Author(s): Małgorzata Roeske / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The text is a selection of “raw” notes from the travel around Puglia (Castellaneta Grotte, Monopoli). The author tries not only to describe the landscapes, but also – inspired by reflective anthropology – to look at her own way of perceiving the Italian South.