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This article deals with sources, innovative behaviors of economic and noneconomic entities, especially with internal conditions like human nature, economic creativity and human ability and readiness to actions connected with creation, dissemination and acquirement of innovations as well as with introduction of necessary changes
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This article discusses selected aspects of the functioning of the local government in the Lubuskie province, and in particular the process of creating and implementing the most important strategic documents. The authors propose introducing two institutional segments to the system of planning in the region: the Regional Centre PPP and the Regional Centre of Project Management.
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The objective of the paper is to present the results of pilot study carried out in July 2011 among 180 small and medium-sized enterprises who were beneficiaries of Measure III.2 Raising innovativeness and competitiveness of enterprises of the Regional Operational Programme for the Lodz Region for the years 2007-2013. Preliminary results show a significantly positive impact of investment subsidies on innovativeness and competitiveness of the enterprises. The described study aims to contribute to following more detailed research based on a larger sample of companies that were beneficiaries of Measure III.2, which the Authors intend to take. Its effect will consist in determination and evaluation of the actual effects of support (the so called net effect) separated from the effects of other factors.
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The purpose of the article is to present the use of European aid programs for small and medium-sized enterprises in Western PomeraniaSmall and medium enterprises in Poland play an important role in social and economic. Their proper functioning allows dynamic development of state economy and increase community standards of living. SME participation in EU aid programs can provide companies a smooth and safe operation over many years, which will translate directly into economic development for state and particular regions. Therefore participation of SMEs in EU aid programs is so import ant.
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Głównym celem badań było określenie źródeł finansowania preferowanych przez przedsiębiorstwa w Unii Europejskiej. Analiza dotyczyła różnych krajów. Określono jaka część przedsiębiorstw z krajów UE korzysta z własnych środków na finansowanie swojej działalności i jaka część z zewnętrznych form finansowania. Przedstawiono źródła finansowania preferowane przez grupy krajów: rozwiniętych i wschodzących . Określono różnice w finansowaniu.
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Cost approach related to the category of replacement value does not have the ability to explain or interpret increasingly complex relationships on the market. Cost is not seen as a factor which affects market value using the substitution principle. Costs must regain their dynamic significance as a key factor providing information about the state of market equilibrium and pointing to its power to transform costs into market value. The paper proposes the abandonment of a separate category of replacement value in favour of using the cost approach in real estate valuation. Podejście kosztowe powiązane z kategorią wartości odtworzeniowej nie posiada zdolności do wyjaśniania i interpretacji coraz bardziej złożonych relacji rynkowych. Koszt nie jest postrzegany, jako czynnik kształtujący wartość rynkową z wykorzystaniem zasady substytucji. Kosztom należy przywrócić dynamiczne znaczenie kluczowego czynnika informującego o stanie równowagi rynku i wskazującego jego ich siłę przekształcania projektów inwestycyjnych w wartość rynkową. Przedstawiono propozycję rezygnacji z odrębnej kategorii wartości odtworzeniowej oraz wykorzystania podejścia kosztowego do określania wartości rynkowej nieruchomości.
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Cel artykułu: identyfikacja sposobu postrzegania żywności ekologicznej oraz źródeł informacji o niej. Rodzaj wykorzystanej metodologii badawczej/podejścia badawczego: badania ankietowe przeprowadzone w 2015 roku wśród 137 mieszkańców województwa podkarpackiego. Narzędzie badawcze stanowił kwestionariusz ankiety, zawierający pytania dotyczące cech żywności ekologicznej, a także źródeł informacji o niej. Główne wyniki badań/analiz: zdaniem 67,9% ankietowanych żywność ekologiczną cechuje naturalny skład; 64,2% uważa, że jest ona pozbawiona sztucznych dodatków; tyle samo osób za cechę charakterystyczną żywności ekologicznej uważa naturalną metodę jej produkcji czy przetwarzania. Najbardziej popularnym źródłem wiedzy na temat żywności ekologicznej jest Internet (51% wskazań). Implikacje praktyczne: wyniki badań wskazują na potrzebę akcji promujących żywność ekologiczną, głównie poprzez targi żywności ekologicznej, a także reklamę w prasie. Implikacje społeczne: ankietowani prawidłowo definiują pojęcie żywności ekologicznej, a Internet odgrywa coraz większą rolę jako źródło informacji o tej żywności. Kategoria artykułu: badawczy.
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Previous leaders can influence the activity of the Organization even after they left. To the question 'How do you think that you will remain in the memory of the Organization?' the majority of those questioned admitted that they didn't even have been thinking about this issue. They either will not remain in the memory of the Organization, whether it will retain things that managers of the organization they'd forgotten. Organization managers who have brought significant changes in the work of the Organization will remain in memory for the principles on which they were promoted. Current leaders Managers ' behaviour is studied extensively by subordinates and sometimes even copied. Leaders must be aware of the effects of their behaviour and lifestyle; they could then easily create a behavioural model. It is surprising how easily you can copy certain attitudes and behaviours such as heavy drinking, swearing, indifference, impertinence.
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The choice of location of a hotel is one of the most important decisions taken at the pre-investment stage. Through the impact on the costs and revenues, it affects the hotel’s profitability and other indicators of economic efficiency.
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This study aims to identify the relationship between employee perceptions of organizational justice and organizational trust. A 9-items questionnaire except demographic questions was used to test the model. The survey was delivered to aviation sector employees in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey and a total of 447 completed questionnaires were used for analysis. The data obtained in the study were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 statistical software packages by using various statistical methods and testing techniques (frequency distribution, t-test, regression and correlation) for the purpose of research. It was found that there was a strong positive relationship between organizational justice and organizational trust. It has also been found that the latents were differs by some demographic variables of employees.
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The concept of innovation, has been one of the most interesting concepts of scientists who have been doing research in many areas in recent years. Innovation is simply to introduce unique products and services that add value by developing different, new ideas. Companies can survive under intense competitive conditions by innovating in products and services. Today, companies can only respond to the rapidly evolving needs of consumers by innovating and can always go a step further from their competitors. The aim of the study in this direction is to create a conceptual framework on the subject by making a literature review on innovation and to raise awareness about the relevant aspects of innovation.
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It is very important for businesses to give confidence to all their stakeholders to be able to maintain their assets for a long time. The confidence required for sustainability means corporate reputation. It has significant influence on corporate responsibility and sustainability of businesses to consider environmental factors as socially benificial activities as the activities which socially harmful or minimize damage to the environment. The aim of working towards this importance is to build a conceptual framework on the subject by making a literature review on social responsibility, which is considered to be an indicator of sustainability and preserving reputation, and to raise awareness about social responsibility.
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An attempt to examine the reflection of the fact that it is possible to overcome many things with a continuous effort without ever falling into despair on business discipline was made in this study. The JIT system was adopted for the first time by Japanese Toyota firm in the 1945-50s and is accepted by prestigious companies all over the world. The Japanese are proving their success to the world with the JIT system, which is a reflection of their cultural motifs. Businesses reach optimum efficiency by means of this approach aimed at disciplining production with zero inventory and zero error by removing wastes. Nowadays, many large and small companies, as well as the companies taking place near the top in the world brands rankings, are adopting the JIT system as a philosophy. The definition and scope of the JIT and the short descriptions of basic concepts in the JIT system were included in the study. Thus, an attempt to emphasize to what extent the businesses are paying attention to this issue was made.
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In this study, perception of organizational commitment and organizational trust of employees in the banking sector was questioned. The survey of public and private sector personnel working in bank branches and organizational commitment, organizational trust scale and demographic variables, including questions related to the questionnaire distributed at 160, but 120 of them was evaluated. The data obtained in the study were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 statistical software packages by using various statistical methods and testing techniques (frequency distribution, t-test, Anova, regression and correlation) for the purpose of research. The analysis found no difference according to demographic variables in terms of organizational trust, however there is a difference in organizational commitment. Besides, a liner relationship was found between organizational commitment and organizational trust.
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There are some elements of legal power in the hands of governments that govern a country. This leads to positive relations between governments representing the state and businesses involved in legal environmental factors. Even if they are in good relationships, businesses often face a number of political challenges. Businesses that have been able to predict such challenges in the past have gained a significant competitive advantage over others. The existence of such risks also necessitates the pre-examination of the risks. In this context, it is a conceptual framework for political risk, which is an important risk factor for the intended enterprises to work in.
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In this study, perception of organizational commitment and organizational justice of employees in the banking sector was questioned. The survey of public and private sector personnel working in bank branches and organizational commitment, organizational justice scale and demographic variables, including questions related to the questionnaire distributed at 160, but 120 of them was evaluated. The data obtained in the study were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 statistical software packages by using various statistical methods and testing techniques (frequency distribution, t-test, Anova, regression and correlation) for the purpose of research. A liner relationship was found between organizational commitment and organizational justice. Besides, the analysis found no difference according to demographic variables in terms of organizational justice, however there is a difference in organizational commitment.
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The article presents the differences in the manner of creating the level of efficiency ratios between the small and medium enterprise sector companies, depending on the achieved return on assets. The research was conducted taking into consideration 34,820 financial statements of enterprises, running economic activity in 22 different sectors of national economy. The Mann-Whitney U non parametric test was used for confirming the diversity of the forms of efficiency for enterprises, depending on the level of return of assets achieved by them. The conducted research proved that SMEs characterized by above-average profitability created higher level of total assets turnover ratio and lower levels of days inventory outstanding, days sales outstanding and days payable outstanding from those with below-average profitability. Moreover, the results obtained during the study confirm that SMEs belonging to various sectors of economy form the ratios in the area of efficiency differently.
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In the study, the mediation was presented as an analytical technique allowing the explanation of significant fluctuations in size and the direction of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO)–firm performance relationship. The assumptions of analysis of mediation were discussed as the whole, pointing to the practices, which should be used in order to carry out this process properly. It was found out, that mediation, despite not being a new tool of solving the research problems in statistics, is not commonly used in the management sciences. That is why, the aim of the study is to identify mediating variables which explain entrepreneurial orientation (EO)–firm performance relationship. The studies on the effects of mediation presented in the scientific literature confirmed the usefulness of the analytical technique in the context of the EO discussion. It allowed to compile the list of the meditative factors on the relationship “entrepreneurial orientation (EO)–firm performance”.
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In order for companies to succeed in terms of a market economy, rapidly growing competition and changing customer preferences, managers have to aim their activities mainly on optimization, cost reduction, increasing production flexibility and product quality. This paper deals with problems of economic costs of individual manufacturing operations. Optimization criterion addresses the minimization of production costs. In many cases, this can be done also by a maximization of productivity
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Many municipalities and cities face certain problems in attracting local and foreign investors and one of them is ineffective local administration, as well as the lack of transparency of rules and procedures start-ups and enterprises, branches and the like. Many local governments are not even aware of what is causing the problem and the lack of investment and investor preferences for other municipalities and cities. To be able to clearly state the causes of the problem, a program of certification of cities and municipalities has been initiated in many countries, including Serbia. This program involves evaluating the quality of services of municipalities and cities in terms of those elements that are particularly relevant to existing and potential investors. On the basis of the data on the level of quality of certain elements, one can realize what the local government of a city or municipality must change in order to be a convenient area for investment, and that would provide a friendly environment for potential investors. In addition, the program ends with a certification in case the municipality or city meets the minimum requirements in each of the elements of assessment. Since the evaluation of the conditions represents the basis for gaining the certificate confirming that the city or municipality is a favorable environment for investors, a very important issue is to determine the significance of the elements, and appropriate criteria, bearing in mind that not all elements are equally important from the perspective of investors. The aim of this paper is to establish a link between the level of fulfillment of the criteria in the process of certification of cities and municipalities and the ability to attract investors, and the acceleration of investment activity at the local level. The paper presents the current way of conducting the procedure of certification of cities and municipalities, and based on the results of the correlation analysis and DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method an insufficient influence on the fulfillment of these criteria to attract and activate investments at the local level was found..
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