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ATMs  Decline or Development of E-banking Services

Author(s): Jacek Binda / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The paper is devoted to one of the channels of electronic banking – terminal banking. It presents the efforts of banking sector towards reducing the presence of cash in the financial turnover and lowering the costs of cash transactions thanks to development of high-tech ATM devices. The author points to the dynamics of changes related to the advances in this particular channel of contact, draws attention to the risks accompanying this form of contact and presents alternative forms of communication between a bank and its clients. The paper quotes data obtained from the Polish National Bank, the Polish Banks Association and EAST.

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Determinanty konkurencyjności sektorów i przedsiębiorstw. Ujęcie teoretyczne

Author(s): Paweł Frączek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

The paper presents a review of views concerning consequences of the competition occurrence and characterizes the actual essence of this occurrence. Particular emphasis was put on defining competition and on pointing out factors which determine subjects’ competitiveness.

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Kreowanie przewagi konkurencyjnej przedsiębiorstwa w oparciu o jakość produktów

Author(s): Stanisław Popek,Dariusz Kłak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

Analysis of European markets shows that one of the most important reasons of competitive superiority is leading coherent and focused strategy in the filed of quality. This paper presents the problems concerning the quality of products in their life cycles and the connections between the quality and competitiveness

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Misja przedsiębiorstwa jako deklaracja sposobu konkurowania

Author(s): Hanna Mackiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

In the paper the term the mission has been connected with the term of business responsibility. It has pointed to the optimum mission statement that is: increase of the economic well-being and of the quality of life of the stakeholders. In this paper the mission statements of the companies from the list of 500 prepared by Rzeczpospolita were examined (the 10th edition from 2008). Customers and shareholders were the most frequent target audiences, which referred only to the required level of responsibility by the society. The examined mission statement were not concrete as well as unclear and ambiguous. The authors of the statements tried to adjust the dealings to the different target audiences. Very often, when we replace the name of the company by the other, the main point is the same, that is the mission statement is too general and incoherent. Very often the mission statement looks like an “egg shell”, that is the form without the contents. In the paper it was pointed, that be- tween a stimulus (in this case - the customer’s need or want) and a reaction (the production – the main aim of the company) there is space for human freedom and the possibility to choose the direction. It is the space of freedom of choice. There are the principles, which are common, timeless, unique, written in the human’s heart. The decision based on the principles guarantees the effectiveness of the mission. The mission based on the principles is the reliable declaration of the manner of the competition for resources of the company, in which the dealings between the company and society were balanced. The mission is created and fulfilled. The mission statements are the decision, that is they are committed to keep promises

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Wybrane uwarunkowania innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw (na przykładzie regionu zachodniopomorskiego)

Author(s): Katarzyna Kozioł / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

Conditionings of innovative processes may be of sociological, psychological, philosophical, historical, organizational, or economical value. Conditionings change with time, have a dynamic character and depend on many factors. Conditionings occurring in Poland during the transformation period and the ones occurring in the European Union in the same period are different, but they are the same factors, only they have a dynamic character and, in a given moment, the factors in effect are the ones adequate to the current political and economical situation in a given country. The determinants have an influence on both the enterprises, and the particular units employed by them. The target of this elaboration is to indicate the primary determinants of innovative processes within Polish enterprises. The last aspect of deliberation will be the presentation of innovative conditionings in the Zachodniopomorskie region

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Specyfika strategii konkurencyjnych małych przedsiębiorstw – wyniki badań własnych

Author(s): Anna Lemańska-Majdzik,Monika Sipa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

The study shows the results of own research presented by authors on a group of small companies functioning in the Śląskie and Łódzkie provinces. The research conducted in two groups (one group of companies came into being as a result of self-employment) using a case study method allowed defining a competitive position for the studied companies, and also defining specificity of the used competitiveness strategies of small enterprises. Moreover the first part of the study presents a review of literature which brings up the issue of small companies competitiveness

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Dynamika rozwoju wiodących przedsiębiorstw regionu podkarpackiego w aspekcie ich konkurencyjności

Author(s): Marek Smoleń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

In the study there is introduced the ranking of the largest firms in Podkarpacie on account of receipts from sale, export sale, reached net profit and the level of employment, and also the companies participation in stock capitalization. There is also performed the evaluation of profitability the net sale by the best ten companies in Podkarpacie in 2007. In the work there is presented the commentary to the empirical data in confrontation with literature sources

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Cechy przedsiębiorcze pracowników małych przedsiębiorstw – na przykładzie przedsiębiorstwa Alfa

Author(s): Katarzyna I. Szelągowska-Rudzka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

It was indicated in the article, that entrepreneurial features characterize the owner, people on managerial positions, as well as regular workers employed by the Alfa enterprise. Employees’ entrepreneurial attributes in most cases coincide with the attributes of the owner, which contributes to building the enterprises’ market value. The obtained conclusions are an inspiration to the author in marking the direction of further research and a basis for an invitation to a discussion for all the people interested in this issue

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Współpraca transgraniczna drogą do zwiększenia konkurencyjności i innowacyjności wschodniej Słowacji oraz województwa podkarpackiego

Author(s): Martin Mizla,Patrycja Pudło / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

Poland and Slovakia as a border countries have many natural, cultural and economical similarities, which can be a foundation of further cooperation these two countries. This article shows area of cooperation and possibilities of financing this collaboration

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Aktywność innowacyjna gospodarki regionu Podkarpacia na tle kraju

Author(s): Waldemar Zadworny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

The article is dedicated to the problem of innovative activity of the Podkarpackieregions’ economy, against the country’s. Analysis was made based on surveyresearch conducted in 2007 on a group of 500 randomly selected inhabitants ofthe Podkarpackie region. The whole study consists of four parts, of which the firstpart characterizes the research attempt, the second is an attempt to judge the wayPodkarpackie region’s inhabitants perceive innovativeness, the third analyses innovativeactivity of Polish regions against the most innovative regions of the EuropeanUnion, and the fourth contains a conclusion of the undertaken meditation.

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Leasing składników majątku – skutki podatkowe dla korzystającego

Author(s): Bożena Sowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

A company's development is an essential task for any entrepreneur. To start a new business or expand the existing range, the entrepreneur must, above all, achieve funds for in-vestment. Capital requirements normally exceed the available financial resources, which makes it necessary to obtain missing capital from external sources.One of the forms of business financing is leasing – especially attractive for entrepreneurs, who are just starting their business. It gives the possibility to finance investments from outer funds, i.e. from financing entity, which is particularly useful in situations, when the potential customer’s orders cannot be met due to technological shortcoming of an entrepreneur.The purpose of the publication is to present leasing in terms of tax implications for entre-preneur (beneficiary), especially in the field of income tax.

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Kondycja ekonomiczna dominujących podkarpackich przedsiębiorstw w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego

Author(s): Marek Smoleń,Katarzyna Grzebyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

Nowadays, enterprises are forced to effective usage of its financial, material assets and the potential of employees. Strategies and methods used in management few years ago become out-of-date. Company survival depends on building competitive advantage and here big importance is put on knowledge. Every company has to learn how to adapt to new conditions and how to be creative.Suitable strategy relies on quick problems solving and drawing conclusions. The aim of this article was to show dynamics of growth of particular parameters presenting the economic condition of key enterprises in podkarpackie province in 2007, 2010 and in 2012.Results show that those enterprises seek its place in economic map of Poland. They put big impact on innovativeness and constantly look for new chances of development.

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Formy organizacyjne podmiotów leczniczych – uwarunkowania prawne i ekonomiczne

Author(s): Ewelina Rabiej / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

In the study analysis of organizational forms of health care operators was conducted, including selected legal and economic conditions. Changes in the area of regulations of health care sector were provided, economic conditions of the process of transformations of health care organizations were also examined. It results from conducted studies that the transformation of the health care system should aspire parallel to improving efficiency through taken action in the micro- and macroeconomic, i.e. on the level of health care organization and their legal and economic environment. Leaving the form of SPZOZ, dominating today, for companies, is a huge challenge and can turn out for SPZOZ with both the chance and the threat.

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Paradoksy innowacyjne na przykładzie małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw

Author(s): Martin Mizla / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Obecnie burzliwe otoczenie przedsiębiorstw przynosi wiele koniecznych zmian innowacyjnych. Jednakże, wdrażanie innowacji w tych przedsiębiorstwach przynosi nie tylko planowane efekty i korzyści, ale również skutki negatywne. Ten artykuł prezentuje owe paradoksy czy skutki wdrażania innowacji, ich wpływ na małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa czy możliwe reakcje, zachowania tych przedsiębiorstw

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Kredyt bankowy jako zewnętrzne źródło finansowania dla przedsiębiorstw rozpoczynających działalność gospodarczą

Author(s): Małgorzata Wilczyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Sector of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is significant in every market econ-omy. Small and medium-sized enterprises are generally considered as an element powering the economy despite the economic slowdown in Poland and turbulences in the economies of Member States of the European Union. Micro-enterprises have the largest share of enterprisesbelonging to the SME sector – in Poland, they consist of 95.7% of the market (in the European Union – 92.2%). This sector produces a significant portion of GDP and generates numerous workplaces. However, SMEs are often confronted with market imperfections. They have diffi-culties in obtaining capital or credit, particularly in the start-up phase of the enterprise. Finan-cial resources are their foundation. What is more, they are the basis for the operation of each enterprise. In Poland, there are various possibilities of obtaining financing sources; however, their variety does not imply that all parties have equal access to these resources. Currently, the most important source of funding, in addition to equity capitals, are bank credits. The aim of this paper is to present a credit offer for enterprises beginning an economic activity by selected institutions of the Polish banking sector.

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Ocena kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa w warunkach gospodarki rynkowej

Author(s): Renata Nesterowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The main objective of this paper is to attempt to evaluate the selected financial ratios as a tool to assess the financial condition. The source material for the analyzes are empirical data contained in the financial statements of the company Inżyniweria Rzeszow S.A for 2011–2015.Financial reporting is useful because the company not only to the proper interpretation of numbers but above all to make better use of resources, improve performance, meet market needs and expectations of the owners. Thus it aims to facilitate the decision, which will ensure the effective development of the company in the future.It is important to emphasize the fact that the modern world is constantly changing, which are dynamic caused by the influence of the processes. These processes are; social, economic, political and cultural characteristics of each of which is subjected to the process of globaliza-tion treated primarily as a phenomenon or state of the global economy.The development of the market economy and globalization increases the demand of enter-prises for economic information. In the modern economy, information is regarded as one of the important resources of the organization and is the subject of management. This information flow from the analyzes assess the financial condition and significantly determine investment decisions and financial.

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Charakterystyka przedsiębiorców a kształtowanie ładu korporacyjnego w inwestycjach venture capital w Polsce

Author(s): Rafał Morawczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 103/2017

The aim of the article is to analyze influence of characteristics of entrepreneurs on venture capitalists’ decisions regarding governance structures created in their portfolio companies. Theoretical part discusses: meaning of financial capital and entrepreneurial capital, features of venture capital investments, influence of founders on development of their companies, main features of governance systems created by funds in their portfolio firms. Special attention is paid to the contract agreed between VC funds and entrepreneurs in light of the agency theory. The empirical part presents results of the research carried out in 25 Polish venture capital funds in 2015. The evidences prove that the high quality entrepreneurs are able to decrease level of restrictiveness of contract clauses used by the venture capitalists. But it is true mainly for clauses that do not pose threats to safety of their investments. Another evidence proves that such outstanding characteristics of the entrepreneurs are vital but standard policy of VCs together with market features of an investment opportunity may be even more important.

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Ocena wyników finansowych firm rodzinnych w kontekście zaangażowania właścicieli w proces zarządzania

Author(s): Błażej Socha,Aleksandra Majda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 103/2017

The main purpose of this article is to verify the impact of corporate governance model on the financial performance of small family businesses in Poland. Implementation of the aim was held on the basis of empirical analysis of financial results over 24,000 small family businesses from the period 2008–2013. Basic descriptive statistics and the one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc tests were used. The results may suggest that involvement of the owner of the family business and external manager in the governance structure yields positive results in terms of achieved by those entities operating margin, net profit margin and return on equity and assets. These results may be an indication for the owners of family businesses in shaping the governance model.

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Zmiany struktury pracujących w Polsce w kontekście budowy gospodarki innowacyjnej

Author(s): Edyta Żmurkow-Poteralska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 103/2017

The aim of the article is an evaluation of trend of changes in the structure of employment in Poland in terms of their compliance with structural changes characteristic of the process of building an innovative economy. This paper attempts to answer the following questions: whether the structure of employment in Poland transforms? Are there any changes indicating its adjustment to the needs of an innovative economy? The study covers detailed analysis of changes in the employment structure across economic activities with special emphasis on high-tech industry and knowledge-intensive services, and across occupations and qualifications and levels and fields of education. In addition, the perspective of future changes in employment structure across sectors and occupational groups by 2022 is presented. Also changes in the Occupations and Specialties Classification, which indicates transformation of Polish labor market, have been analysed. Moreover, the paper contains a reference to the government policy in differe t areas, which could have a potential impact on adjusting the employment structure to the needs of an innovative economy.

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Probabilistyczne metody podziału zbioru dóbr niepodzielnych

Author(s): Marek Bożykowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2016

In fair distribution of a set of indivisible goods it is problematic to provide basic equality if the goods differ in value. One of the most popular solutions to the problems are lotteries. The paper presents seven selected probabilistic procedures: random distribution, lexicographic procedure of equal chances of satisfaction, random serial dictatorship, core from random endowments, probabilistic serial, top trading cycles from equal division and random priority with infi nite k factor. Some of these procedures always lead to the same result as some other procedure, therefore these procedures are equivalent. The formal features of the procedures are also analysed in the paper: ordinal efficiency, ex post efficiency, and both strong and week version of: envy-freeness, proportionality, equitability, and individual strategy-proofness.

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