Гоце Делчев – портрет извън каноните

Author(s): Georgi N. Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The image of Gotse Delchev is among the most recognizable in Bulgarian history, which is why talking and writing about him is both very easy and very difficult. The descriptions of the contemporaries about the external, physical appearance of the Apostle of Macedonia and about his inner, spiritual world, coincide almost completely. Above all, Gotse Delchev deserves to remain as he was remembered by the people who left testimonies about him – perhaps the kindest revolutionary, the brightest image in the history of Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (IMARO), guardian of historical justice for Macedonian Bulgarians.

Учителят Гоце Делчев

Author(s): Georgi Trenchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

Apart from the history of the Bulgarian national liberation struggles in Macedonia and the Adrianople region, Gotse Delchev deservedly remains in the history of Bulgarian education, enlightenment and spirituality. From the time he graduated from the military school until his transition into illegality, the only legal activity that Gotse Delchev performed was teaching. Therefore, we can rightfully place him in the ranks of prominent Bulgarian revivalists, in the ranks of people’s awakeners, in the ranks of Bulgarian teachers – revolutionaries along side Botev, Levski, Rakovski and Dame Gruev.

Гоце Делчев в контекста на дисциплиниращата политика на ВМОРО към населението и кадровия състав

Author(s): Elena Aleksandrova,Elena Aleksandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The issue of Gotse Delchev ’s inclusion in IMARO’s disciplinary policy is part of a wider debate about the Committee’s purposeful attempts to infiltrate the daily lives of its members, primarily the Bulgarian population in the Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace regions of the Ottoman Empire. This policy was important for IMARO from the point of view of expediency and raising its authority. G. Delchev showed an attitude towards the innovations that the Organization imposed in the field of revolutionary justice, education and morality. All these components were subordinated to the revolutionary purposefulness, on the one hand, and to the desire to cultivate a new civilized social order, on the other.

Гоце Делчев – за революцията, насилието и за една вътрешна морална дилема

Author(s): Slavi Slavov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

Based on a specific case, Gotse Delchev’ s desire to expand, even at the cost of certain compromises, the organizational base and influence of IMARO is shown. Although the head of the Detachment Institute (the paramilitary structure of the Internal Organization), in his personal practice Delchev considered violence as a last resort and usually refrained from it. This significantly distinguishes him from the other combat leaders of IMARO.

Създаване и развитие на Катедрата по педиатрия към МУ-София

Author(s): Dimitar Kalaykov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

The paper presents the historical development and the huge contribution of the Department of Pediatrics at the Medical University of Sofia and its first leader - Prof. S Vatev for the development of pediatrics and children’s healthcare in Bulgaria. The main scientific fields in the research and clinical activities of the numerous collaborators of the Department are outlined.

Българофобията в обществения дискурс в Република Северна Македония през 2021 г.

Author(s): Georgi Stankov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The study examines a very pronounced social phenomenon in the Republic of North Macedonia – Bulgarophobia and hate speech towards Bulgarians and Bulgaria. The main characteristics of Bulgarophobiain the context of contemporary Macedonian ethnocentrism and the process through which they were formed and manifested in the Republic of North Macedonia have been researched. Specific cases of Bulgarophobia in 2021 are presented and discussed.

Bulgarophobia in public discourse in the Republic of North Macedonia in the year 2021.

Author(s): Georgi Stankov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The study examines a very pronounced social phenomenon in the Republic of North Macedonia – Bulgarophobia and hate speech towards Bulgarians and Bulgaria. The main characteristics of Bulgarophobiain the context of contemporary Macedonian ethnocentrism and the process through which they were formed and manifested in the Republic of North Macedonia have been researched. Specific cases of Bulgarophobia in 2021 are presented and discussed.

Професионални организации на рентгеновите лаборанти и ролята им за развитието на професията

Author(s): Mariana Kupenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

Introduction: Professional organizations have a significant contribution to the development of individual professions, including those in the area of healthcare by guiding the development of the profession from education to recommendations for practice for the benefit of society. No less important is their role in the planning, organization and implementation of continuous vocational training of health professionals, given the present rapid technological progress. Objective: To study the emergence and development of healthcare professional organizations and in particular X-ray technicians organization in Bulgaria, and their role in the development of the profession – X-ray technician. Methods: Documentary analysis was used. Results: The processes that led to the emergence of professional organizations in the field of healthcare and their contribution to the development of the professions are reviewed in historical perspective. Globally, the role of healthcare professional organizations and in particular those of X-ray technicians is constantly growing in terms of regulations for the profession, development of training guidelines and determining the necessary professional competences. Given the rapid development of technology, increasing attention is paid to the continuous professional development of personnel as an important factor for provision of adequate healthcare services.

Раждане и развитие на дейността на зъботехниците В България

Author(s): Miahela Varneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The current article aims to present facts about the development of the profession of the dental technician from its origin to the formation of its present status which is a result of the great social and political changes taking place near the end of 20th and the beginning of the 21st century in Bulgaria. To achieve the goal, we studied literature sources, normative documents, personal archives, in-depth interview narratives related to the history of the association “Union of Dental Technicians in Bulgaria”. The profession begins its development as a private practice activity. The practitioners are apprentices, journey- men and dental master technicians. Along with the private practice, a small number of public laboratories and organized cooperatives emerge. After the beginning of 1974 dental technicians work only for state and departmental laboratories. Subsequently, the state dental technical laboratories are transformed into municipal ones. After 1990 dental technicians working for the state sector are given the opportunity to register and work additionally from 2 to 4 hours as private entre- preneurs. Gradually the municipal and departmental laboratories are closed. The laboratories subordinate to the dental faculties remain the only active ones and private practice becomes predominant.

Един българин в Германия - биографични бележки за проф. д-р Петер Мюленс (1874-1943)

Author(s): Aneta Kirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The life and creative path of a professor Dr. Peter Mullens is traced - brilliant parasitologist, malariologist, microbiolo- gist, chief army hygienist, professor, author of numerous publications. The focus is on the contribution of Prof. Mullens in the organization of the fight against malaria in the Bulgarian army during the First World War, his work on the successful elimination of malaria in the southern regions of the country, his efforts in organizing the experimental work of the Institute in Burgas.

War in Ukraine as a long-term effect of NATO intervention against Yugoslavia? An overview

Author(s): Christian V. Costamagna / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 can also be traced back to historical processes and not only to contingent causes. In this paper, I will try to understand whether it is possible to argue that the current armed conflict in Ukraine is a long-term effect of the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. The aim of the research is to critically analyze the interpretations that see in the NATO intervention against Yugoslavia a historical turning point and what consequences it had. The research is based on the current scholarly literature and on the speeches of Russian state officials, and is carried out adopting an historical approach and a comparative method.

For a New Migration Policy Towards the Historical Bulgarian Communities After the Covid-19 Crisis and the War in Ukraine

Author(s): Spas Tashev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This article examines the migrations to Bulgaria of representatives of the historical Bulgarian diaspora before and after the Covid-19 crisis and during the military conflict in Ukraine in 2022. For the group as a whole, it is found that at this time, due to the short distances, the preference is for seasonal, weekly and, among the population residing along border areas, for daily job commutes. Although Ukrainian Bulgarians account for 9.25 % of the total number of Ukrainian refugees in Bulgaria, the majority of the community remains at home. However, the planned land reform in Ukraine could alter the migration model and increase the number of those who wish to settle in Bulgaria for a longer period of time and remain permanently. For this reason, Bulgaria should develop a special program to aid the returning Bulgarian migrations from Ukraine.

Защо погина Византия

Author(s): Peter Schreiner / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The paper offers a survey of the reasons for the collapse of the Byzantine Empire. The author analyzes the preconditions for this process, dating some of them to as early as the tenth century. He further outlines both the internal and external factors that facilitated it by tracing their development in different times and contexts. Key events from the thirteenth through the fifteenth centuries as well as the policies of Byzantine emperors and European rulers are discussed in view of their impact on the Empire’s political trajectory during this period. Conversely to popular opinion, the author considers the Fourth Crusade of 1204 to have laid the grounds for the temporary survival and revitalization of Byzantium, but the state’s nature after its restoration in 1261 is described as ill-suited to withstand the Ottoman expansion in the fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries, the availability or lack of foreign support notwithstanding. Based on the foregoing interpretative approach, the concluding overview provides a three-stage periodization of the era of decline as well as a recapitulation of the positive and negative factors – external and internal alike – that shaped the ultimate demise of the Empire.

Съгласително писмо на мутафчийския еснаф в Търново от 6 ноември 1872 година

Author(s): Svetla Atanasova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The consent letter of Goat’s Hair Processing Guild in Tarnovo dated back in November 6, 1872 is a contract (agreement) between the members of the governing body, attached with their signatures, seals and fingerprints for compliance with certain clauses, as an integral part of the statute (law) and the rules of the corporate organization. The analysis of the preserved manuscript texts in Bulgarian answers a number of questions related to the social status and property status of the representatives of the guild of Goat’s hair processing, the level of education and literacy, the membership and the participation of master craftsmen from nearby settlements in the association. In a comparative analysis with other documents from an earlier and/or later historical period, a repetition of the names of some of the Tarnovo craft’s men (mutafchii) – participants in the board of directors, is noticeable. They are represented in various incarnations as benefactors, wealthy merchants or members of the municipal council. The graphic prints of the personal and official seals on the document, their technical parameters and artistic analysis cast new light on the biographies of their holders before 1872.The collected historical information about the activities of the goat’s-hair rugs makers’ guild in Tarnovo in 1872 – extracted from the document, is systematized and analyzed in separate annexes. These include facsimiles, a list of members of the governing body and a catalogue of the official and personal seals.

По въпроса за обединението и разделянето на либералите и народнолибералите през 1899 гoдина

Author(s): Biser Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The following article examines the issue of the merger between the liberals with the people’s liberals in one party in 1899, during the rule of D. Grekov. In historical literature, the opinion that this coalition was unprincipled, and was created because of the benefits of power, in which the Liberal Party made an attempt to “swallow” the Stambolovists, prevailed for a long time. The author of this work disputes the stated thesis and believes that there is no “unification” between the two parties, regardless of the signed official documents. The coalition is between organizations with similar political beliefs, and the reason for the split is the unequal positions of the weaker People’s Liberal Party, the strained relationship between the Prime Minister and the Minister of the Interior, and some organizational problems.

Ново, ценно издание за архитектурния модернизъм: България, втората половина на XX век

Author(s): Sasha Lozanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

Паметта - между времето и разказа

Author(s): Liliana Deyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1998

Język sakralny wobec polskiego języka narodowego. Łacina

Author(s): Joanna Sobczykowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2023

Joanna Sobczykowa’s article deals with Latin as a sacred language in the Polish cultural area in history and today. Sobczykowa outlines the situation in other areas of culture, Semitic or Slavic. She examines the status and functions of liturgical Latin in history and today, by looking at opinions of speakers, theologians, linguists, and philosophers of religion. She also looks at documents in the form of Latin works by medieval Polish preachers and their concern for the understanding of the Latin liturgy by the people. Finally, she shows and stresses the difference between verbal and spiritual understanding present in meditation and that between the tendencies towards sacralization and desacralization.

Propaganda Component of the Process of Sovietization and Forms of its Implementation in the Western Regions of Ukraine in 1944 – 1950.

Author(s): Galyna Starodubets,Serhii Sokoliuk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The article deals with the peculiarities of the process of Sovietization of the western regions of Ukraine during the period of late Stalinism. Given the totalitarian nature of the Stalinist regime, it is emphasized that the informational space was one of the most important spheres of life, control over which by the ruling Communist Party was complete and inseparable. The scientific novelty is that the author defines the organization and holding of meetings of various categories of the population as one of the active forms of Stalin’s propaganda. They were an instrument of forcing the local population to trust the Soviet government, to legitimize it. It is noted that such events systematically repeated, gradually became part of Soviet everyday life. The task of Stalin’s propaganda was to construct a new type of man – „homo Sovieticus“, for whom communist ideology is not just a set of slogans, but an inner conviction.

Принос към историята на модерните стопански институции и счетоводството в България.

Author(s): Pencho D. Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

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